High‐level exogenous trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid plays an anti‐lipogenesis role in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated by 0, 37.5, 75, 112.5, 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to evaluate the effects of different level trans10, cis12 CLA on lipogenesis in BMEC. Addition of 75–150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA reduced significantly the triacylglycerol (TAG) content (P < 0.05), but did not have inhibiting action on cell proliferation (P > 0.05). Treatment with 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA for 48 h resulted in a 17.1% reduction (P < 0.0001) of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA, C14 < C < C16), a 26.5% reduction (P < 0.0001) of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and a corresponding reduction of the mRNA abundance of acetyl coenzyme A (acetylCoA) carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.046), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.017) and stearoylCoA desaturase1 (SCD1) (P = 0.002). Another finding was that trans10, cis12 CLA elevated expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (DGAT2) (P = 0.020) and long chain acylCoA synthetases (ACSL) (P = 0.032). In conclusion, higher trans10, cis12 CLA, not low trans10, cis12 CLA, inhibited milk fat synthesis and changed fatty acid composition by regulating the expression of FAS, ACC, SCD1, DGAT2 and ACSL.     

影响反刍动物产品中共轭亚油酸富集因素的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)又被称为过瘤胃脂肪酸。近年来,随着CLA对人体健康的重要作用被陆续发现,通过饲养途径如何提高反刍动物产品中CLA含量成为当前动物营养研究领域的热点。本文在查阅国内外CLA最新研究进展的基础上,对影响反刍动物产品中CLA合成的因素加以综述。     

共轭亚油酸对五龙鹅生长发育和脂质代谢的影响

1日龄五龙鹅192只，随机分为4个处理，分别饲喂共轭亚油酸（CLA）水平为0．0、5．0、15．0和25．0g／kg的日粮，通过测定不同生长阶段的体增重（BWG）、采食量（FI）、料重比（F／G）、腹脂率（AFP），以及与脂质代谢有关血清生化指标，研究不同水平CLA日粮对五龙鹅生长发育和脂质代谢的影响。结果表明：在日粮中分别添加5．0g／kg和15．0g／kgCLA，对五龙鹅BWG无显著影响（P〉0．05），能够显著降低FI和F／G（P〈0．05）；显著降低AFP和血清甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）含量（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），增加了血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量和高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇之比（HDL-C／LDL-C）（P〈0．05）。日粮中添加25．0g／kgCLA，极显著地降低了FI和AFP（P〈0．01），对血清TG、TC、HDL-C、VLDL含量和HDL-C／LDL-C的影响差异不显著（P〉0．05）。适宜添加CLA对五龙鹅的生长发育和脂质代谢具有很好的促进和调节作用，即在五龙鹅的整个生长期内，CLA添加量不高于15．0g／kg时，不但能在不影响BWG的前提下提高饲料利用率，而且能够通过降低脂肪沉积和调节脂质代谢起到预防动脉粥样硬化的作用；但过多添加CLA（25．0g／kg）会使五龙鹅的生长发育受到抑制。     

Supplementation of dairy cows with a fish oil containing supplement and sunflower oil to increase the CLA content of milk produced at pasture

It has been shown that the cis 9, trans 11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can be increased in milk by supplementation with fish oil and vegetable oils. Feeding a high level of oil, however, can impact negatively on gross milk composition. The principal aim of this study was to determine if relatively low levels of fish oil or sunflower oil, either alone or in combination, offered to dairy cows on pasture would increase the C18:2 cis 9, trans 11 CLA concentration in milk. Forty autumn-calved cows on a diet of grazed grass were assigned to 4 supplementation treatments: (i) No supplement (P), (ii) 255 g/day of sunflower oil (SO), (iii) 255 g/day of sunflower oil + 52.5 g/day of fish oil (SOFO), and (iv) 105 g/day of fish oil (FO). The fish oil was supplied in a proprietary product called Omega-3 Supplement which is a mixture of marine oils and an extracted oilseed meal and contains 500 g/kg of oil. The oils were fed in a concentrate mixture, which was offered at a rate of 3.0 kg/cow per day. The production of the cows was measured for 54 days and the milk fatty acid composition was determined on day 0 (immediately before the supplements were introduced) and on days 14, 28 and 42 after the treatments were imposed. Supplementation increased the yield of milk (P < 0.01), protein (P < 0.05) and lactose (P < 0.001), decreased milk fat (P < 0.05) and protein (P < 0.01) concentrations and increased (P < 0.01) lactose concentration. Type of oil did not significantly affect any production variable. The concentration of C18:1 trans 9 + C18:1 trans 11 (mainly C18:1 trans 11) (P < 0.001) and C18:2 cis 9, trans 11 CLA (P < 0.01) were greater on supplemented treatments than on P and the concentration of both were greater (P < 0.05) on FO than on SO. The results confirm that the concentration of C18:2 cis 9, trans 11 CLA can be increased further, from an already relatively high concentration in milk from pasture, by offering supplements containing a low level of fish oil either alone or in combination with sunflower oil.     

共轭亚油酸的来源及其生物学作用

共轭亚油酸（CLA）因具有许多生物保健功能而成为动物营养学领域的研究热点,诸如抗癌、抗动脉硬化及其提高免疫力等。CLA主要存在于反刍动物的肉及乳制品中,它主要由反刍动物瘤胃内微生物氢化多不饱和脂肪酸的中间产物,或通过内源乳腺、脂肪组织经△9脱氢酶脱氢所形成。     

气相色谱法检测牛奶及奶粉中共轭亚油酸

采用气相色谱对牛奶及奶粉中的共轭亚油酸的含量进行检测.样品通过脂肪提取、甲基化和上机测定,可以完全定性和定量分析CLA.结果表明:采用该方法可以使牛奶和奶粉中的c9,t11-CLA得到很好的分离,且方法简单、安全,结果准确可靠,检验数据重现性好.     

Effect of a rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid mixture on hepatic lipid metabolism in heifers

This study was performed to assess the effects of rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on hepatic lipid metabolism in heifers. In particular, it was of interest whether feeding CLA causes development of fatty liver as observed recently in mice. Thirty-six growing heifers with an initial body weight of 185 kg were allotted to three treatment groups and fed daily 250 g of different rumen-protected fats for 16 weeks: The control group received 250 g of a CLA-free control fat, the CLA100 group received 100 g of a CLA fat containing 2.4% of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and 2.1% of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and 150 g control fat and the CLA250 group received 250 g of the CLA fat. CLA supplementation had no effect on animal performance parameters, liver weight and hepatic triglyceride concentration. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis, β-oxidation and fatty acid transport was not influenced by dietary CLA. The fatty acid composition of hepatic total lipids, with particular consideration of ratios of fatty acids indicative of Δ9-, Δ6- and Δ5-desaturation, was also less influenced by dietary CLA. In conclusion, the study shows that dietary rumen-protected CLA has less effect on hepatic lipid metabolism in young heifers and does not induce the development of a fatty liver such as in mice.     

共轭亚油酸的制备与分析方法

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是具有共轭双键的十八碳二烯酸的一组构象和位置异构体的总称。文章概述了CLA不同制备方法及分析检测方法。     

生理活性物质共轭亚油酸减肥的作用机制

近年来许多研究表明,共轭亚油酸能影响脂肪代谢,其作用机制可能通过影响过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体、解偶联蛋白;抑制脂肪代谢相关酶脂蛋白脂酶、硬脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶、脂肪酸合成酶等的活性来产生降脂作用。     

共轭亚油酸的生物学功能及对猪生产性能和肉品质的影响

共轭亚油酸(Conjugated Linoleic Acids,简称CLA)是一系列含有共轭双键、具有位置和构象异构的十八碳二烯酸的总称,是必需脂肪酸、亚油酸的异构体。共轭亚油酸具有抗癌、降低脂肪沉积、增强免疫能力等许多生理活性。本文对CLA的来源与合成、主要生物学功能、降低动物脂肪沉积的机理以及对猪肉品质的影响等进行了综合论述。