日粮添加镁、硒、铬对热应激肉仔鸡血清生化和血液流变学的影响

试验旨在研究热应激情况下镁、硒、铬联合添加对肉仔鸡血清生化指标和血液流变学的影响。选用240只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复。T1为常温对照组,T2、T3、T4为热应激组。T1、T2饲喂基础日粮,T3、T4在基础日粮中分别添加镁、硒、铬2000、1.5、1.5mg/kg和4000、3.0、3.0mg/kg。结果表明:T3、T4组热应激鸡只死亡率显著降低,血清TP、ALB、GLOB、HDL水平显著升高(P0.05),GLU、BUN、TC含量显著降低(P0.05)。同时,T3、T4组的GPT、CK酶活力及低切变率下的全血黏度均显著降低(P0.05)。试验表明,联合添加镁、硒、铬能有效改善热应激肉鸡的血液生化和血液流变学指标,减轻热应激对机体的损伤,从而降低鸡只死亡率。     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

饲粮铜和维生素A及其互作效应对肉仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响

本研究旨在探讨铜和维生素A及其互作效应对内仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响.试验选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡448只,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每个重复14只鸡.采用4×2(铜×维生素A)完全随机设计,饲粮铜的添加量分别为0、8、150、225 mg/kg,维生素A的添加量分别为1 500、5 000 IU/kg,分为2个生长阶段,前期为1～4周龄,后期为5～7周龄.结果表明:1)高铜( 150、225mg/kg)抑制了全期肉仔鸡生长性能,提高了全期血清铜蓝蛋白(Cp)和后期血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P＜0.05).2)5 000 IU/kg维生素A组获得较好的生长性能,提高了全期血清T-SOD活性,降低了前期血清Cp活性(P＜0.05).3)铜和维生素A互作效应对前期体增重、血清Cp和T-SOD活性及全期料重比有显著影响(P＜0.05),且二者间存在互补作用.铜(8 mg/kg)×维生素A(5 000 IU/kg)组与铜(0 mg/kg)×维生素A(5 000 IU/kg)组对前期肉仔鸡获得良好生长性能和提高血清T-SOD活性均有促进作用,但对血清Cp活性有显著降低作用(P＜0.05).由此可见,在基础饲粮铜水平为16～23mg/kg时,铜的适宜添加量为前期8 mg/kg,后期0～8 mg/kg;全期维生素A的适宜添加量为5 000 IU/kg.     

浓缩大豆磷脂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验采用单因子随机化设计,将225只艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复15只鸡,以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,饲喂处理1设为空白对照组;处理2添加猪油,设为猪油对照组;处理3、4、5分别添加低、中、高水平的浓缩大豆磷脂,为试验组.在0～3周龄猪油以2%,浓缩大豆磷脂分别以2%、3%、4%;在4～6周龄猪油以3%,浓缩大豆磷脂分别以3%、4%、5%添加到基础日粮中以替代相同比例的玉米,蛋白质水平维持不变.研究添加猪油和不同水平的浓缩大豆磷脂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响,并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明:在0～3周龄时,中、高水平试验组极显著地提高了采食量(P<0.01);在4～6周龄时,中水平试验组具有较大的采食量,但高水平试验组采食量有所下降;从全期来看,猪油对采食量影响不大;在0～3周龄,中、高水平试验组极显著地提高了增重(P<0.01),而且在此阶段添加油脂显著提高了饲料转化率(P<0.05);在4～6周龄时,添加油脂极显著提高了增重和饲料转化率(P<0.01);从全期来看,添加油脂可以提高增重与饲料转化率,且在0～3周龄时浓缩大豆磷脂优于猪油.     

Effects of Medium-chain Triglyceride on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broilers

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of medium-chain triglyceride replacing the soybean oil in the basal diet on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of broilers.One hundred and forty four healthy,similar body weights AA broilers at the age of 14 days were randomly assigned to four groups with six replicates ger group and six broilers per replicate.Groups A,B,C and D were respectively fed with 0,0.6%,1.2% and 2% medium-chain triglyceride substituted the equivalent amount of soybean oil (using corn flour to balance the energy levels in each group) .The test lasted for 28 days and the indexes were measured once every two weeks.The results showed that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of groups B,C and D were higher than that of group A,and the F/G was lower than group A.The average daily gain of groups C and D at 28 to 42 days old and group D at 14 to 42 days old were significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.05).The serum glucose,total content of amino acid,total protein and albumin of groups B,C and D at age of 28 and 42 days old were higher than that of group A,while the serum triglyceride,total cholesterol and urea nitrogen levels were lower.The total cholesterol content at 42 days old and triglyceride concentrations at 28 days old of group C were significantly lower than those of group A (P < 0.05).The results indicated that medium-chain triglyceride could raise average daily gain and reduce the total cholesterol content and triglyceride concentrations of broilers,which were useful for improving the growth performance.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B7对肉鸡生长性能及免疫性能的影响

试验旨在研究肉鸡日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌B7对其生长性能及免疫功能的影响。将200只1日龄健康爱拔益加肉雏鸡随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加2×10⁵、5×10⁵、8×10⁵和1×10⁶ CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌B7。试验期42 d。结果表明:①在整个试验阶段,除29～35日龄外,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡的日增重均高于对照组,料重比均低于对照组;36～42日龄时,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡的日增重显著提高了10.25%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低了14.83%(P<0.05)。②28日龄时,试验Ⅱ组脾脏指数高于对照组31.96%,差异显著(P<0.05);除14和28日龄外,试验Ⅱ组法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组新城疫抗体效价处于较高水平,28和35日龄时,试验Ⅱ组新城疫抗体效价分别高于对照组16.04%和18.09%,差异显著(P<0.05);21、35和42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组血清中IgG含量分别高于对照组81.94%、46.67%和15.63%,差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可知,添加5×10⁵ CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌B7能够提高肉鸡的生长性能,增强肉鸡的免疫功能,综合比较,试验Ⅱ组的5×10⁵ CFU/g为枯草芽孢杆菌B7的最佳添加量。     

不同锌源及添加水平对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响及其生物学利用率评价

本试验旨在研究碱式氯化锌(BZC)和蛋白锌(PRZ)相对于一水合硫酸锌(ZSM)的生物学利用率以及对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。采用双因素(3×3+1)完全随机试验设计,选取720只1日龄健康雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为10个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,3个ZSM组分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加20、40和80 mg/kg ZSM的饲粮,3个BZC组分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加20、40和80 mg/kg BZC的饲粮,3个PRZ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加20、40和80 mg/kg PRZ的饲粮。各组不同锌源添加量均以锌计。试验期42 d,分为1～14日龄、15～28日龄和29～42日龄3个阶段。分别在14和28日龄时,从各重复中选取1只接近平均体重的鸡进行屠宰,测定血浆锌含量和抗氧化指标、组织锌含量以及胰脏锌相关蛋白基因表达水平。结果表明：1)1～14日龄,与对照组相比,饲粮添加不同锌源和添加不同水平锌显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重(ADG)和14日龄体重(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)(P<0.05),且以添加40 mg...     

不同饲养方式对AA肉鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响

本试验主要研究不同饲养方式对AA肉鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响。试验选取同批次4周龄AA肉鸡100只,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只,两组AA肉鸡个体情况无显著差异(P>0.05),对照组进行生态散养,试验组进行笼养,试验结束后对两组AA肉鸡的生产性能和经济效益进行分析。结果表明,试验组AA肉鸡总增重、日增重和日均采食量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组AA肉鸡料肉比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。从增重情况来看,笼养AA肉鸡更具有经济价值,且笼养方式占地面积小,饲养密度大,非常适合较大密度的集中饲养。但生态散养AA肉鸡耗料少,能节省一定的饲料费用,再加上生态散养AA肉鸡的肉质、口感和营养等方面都比笼养AA肉鸡更符合市场需求。因此,在本试验条件下,作者建议大规模养殖户采用笼养方式,不仅便于管理,而且增重较多,总体经济效益较好,而小规模饲养AA肉鸡的养殖户建议生态散养,提高单只质量,增加单产来提高总的经济收入。