植物器官对灰尘吸附作用的初步研究

植物对灰尘有吸附作用,但植物的哪些部分对灰尘有吸附作用值得研究。基于此,开展针对性的研究性学习,以期通过试验,探究对灰尘有吸附作用的植物器官及其影响。     

鸡舍除臭有“四巧”

正巧喂。在鸡日粮中添加1%~2%的木炭渣,可使粪便干燥,臭味降低;添加2%~5%的沸石粉,可减少粪便含水量及臭味,并有利于提高饲料利用率。巧熏。用艾叶、苍术、大青叶或大蒜秸杆各等份、适量,在鸡舍内燃烧,既杀菌又除臭,特别是在空舍时使用效果更好。巧吸。木炭、活性炭、煤渣、生石灰等具有很强的     

4种水产水线剂详细介绍

1、二氧化氯 分子式：ClO2 它是氯的氧化物，以游离气体存在。常温常压下是一种带有辛辣气味的黄色气体。严格来讲二氧化氯不是氯制剂而是氧化剂。其氧化能力较氯酸强2．5倍。孔水中杀灭细菌、病毒较一般消毒剂强。因为二氧化氯分子与病毒的蛋白质之间有吸附作用，致使病毒颗粒表面有高浓度的消毒剂分子达到灭活作用。其治疗效果不受水体中有机物、     

4种海藻膳食纤维对Cd2+、Pb2+、Hg2+的吸附作用

采用模拟胃和小肠环境进行体外实验,同时对大白鼠进行体内实验,研究了4种海藻膳食纤维对Cd2 、Pb2 、Hg2 的体内、体外清除效果,并与麦麸(Wheat bran)膳食纤维进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)在体外模拟实验中,4种海藻和麦麸膳食纤维对Cd2 、Pb2 、Hg2 的吸附效果与pH、纤维种类有关。在小肠环境下较胃环境吸附强烈,海带(Lamiraria japonica)吸附最强,其次为麒麟菜(Eucheuma)、麦麸和江蓠(Gracilaria),马尾藻(Sargassum)最差。各种膳食纤维对Pb2 吸附最强,对Hg2 最弱。(2)在动物体内实验中,各膳食纤维对大鼠体内重金属排出量(率)均显著大于空白对照组(P<0.05),各膳食纤维对重金属的排出能力由大到小依次为:麒麟菜、海带、麦麸、江蓠、马尾藻。结论认为,海藻膳食纤维具有清除重金属的效果,因此在降低重金属对人体蓄积毒性方面具有应用价值。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):132-138]     

Hygroexpansion of wood during moisture adsorption and desorption processes

In order to investigate the shrinking and swelling behavior of wood at a non-equilibrium state, the moisture sorptlon processes of wood under constant and changing conditions were studied. For the static sorption experiment, Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） specimens were subjected to the adsorption processes at 25℃, 10 different relative humidity environments and the moisture contents were measured at distinct time intervals of adsorption processes. For the dynamic sorption experiment, the specimens were exposed to periodically and linearly varying relative humidity between 45% and 75% at 25℃. Moisture content as well as radial and tangential dimensional changes in response to the changing relative humidity were measured. The main results from the experiments indicated that： the moisture sorption isotherms of Chinese fir at equilibrium state and different stages of adsorption processes could be characterized by S-shape curves. From the non-equilibrium state to the equilibrium state, the sigmoid moisture sorption isotherms changed from smooth, gradually increasing values to a steep rise at 100% humidity. Furthermore, under dynamic conditions with a constant temperature and a linearly and periodically varying relative humidity, the moisture content as well as radial and tangential dimensional changes of the specimens generally waved but lagged behind the relative humidity change.     

稻壳发电残余物稻壳灰对有机物的吸附作用

为解决稻壳发电残余物——稻壳灰的利用问题,该文研究了稻壳灰在不同条件下对有机污染物的吸附作用。结果表明,稻壳灰在经过碱洗处理后,其对有机污染物的吸附性能明显提高。当溶液pH值小于7.0时,稻壳灰对有机污染物的吸附效果要好于pH值大于7.0时的吸附效果。该研究表明,稻壳灰经过碱洗处理后,可以用作吸附剂,吸附污水中的有机污染物,实现废物的再次利用。     

板齿摘脱滚筒的核心功能——吸附作用的理论研究

从观察现象出发，经理论分析旋转气流所产生的使茎秆、穗头向滚筒贴附的作用，揭示了该作用与板齿结构和运动参数间的关系，并对环流流场的流速、压头的形成亦进行了分析。实验测定结果，基本验证了这些关系     

由Freundlich方程探讨锌在石灰性土壤中的吸附机制和迁移规律

本文从溶质、溶剂与吸附剂表面三者之间相互作用的角度，阐明了Freundlich方程（x=kc^1/a）在固-液吸附中两个参数的物理意义，k是与吸附平衡常数成正比的特征参数，k值大小则表示吸附反应进行的程度；a与溶质和吸附剂表面脱落的溶剂分子数的比值有关，是表征吸附作用力性质的特征参数。由实验求得k和a值初步探讨了Zn在石灰性土壤中的吸附机制和迁移规律，结果是令人满意的。     

增硝营养对水稻不同生育时期生长及氮素吸收同化的影响

The effect of nitrate （NO3^-） on rice （Oryza sativa L.） growth as well as N absorption and assimilation during different growth stages was examined using three typical rice cultivars. Dry weight, yield, N uptake, nitrate reductase activity （NRA） in leaves, and glutamine synthetase activity （GSA） in roots and leaves during their entire growth periods, as well as the kinetic parameters of ammonium （NH4^＋） uptake at the seedling stage, were measured with solution culture experiments. Results indicated that addition of NH4^＋-N and NO3^-N at a ratio of 75：25 （NH4^＋＋NO3^- treatment） when compared with that of NH4^＋-N alone （NH4^＋ treatment） increased the dry weight of ‘Nanguang＇ cultivar by 30% and ‘Yunjing 38＇ cultivar by 31%, and also increased their grain yield by 21% and 17%, respectively. For the four growth stages, the total N accumulation in plants increased by an average of 36% for ‘Nanguang＇ and 31% for ‘Yunjing 38＇, whereas the increasing effect of NO3^- in the ‘4007＇ cultivar was only found at the seedling stage, in the NH4^＋＋NO3^- treatment compared to the NH4^＋ treatment, NRA in the leaves increased by 2.09 folds, and GSA increased by 92% in the roots and 52% in the leaves of the three cultivars. NO3^- supply increased the maximum uptake rate （Vmax） in the ‘Nanguang＇ and ‘Yunjing 38＇ cultivars, reflecting that the NO3^- itself, not the increasing N concentration, increased the uptake rate of NH4^＋ by rice. There was no effect on the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant （Kin） of the three cultivars. Thus, some replacement of NH4^＋ with NO3^-could greatly improve the growth of rice plants, mainly on account of the increased uptake of NH4^＋ promoted by NO3^-, and future studies should focus on the molecular mechanism of the increased uptake of NH4^＋ by NO3^-.     

Effect of Zn Adsorption on Charge of Variable Charge Soils

The variation in appa rent carge of two typical variable charge soils resulting from Zn adsorption were studied by KCl saturation and NH4NO3 replacement methods.Results showed that zinc were adsorbed specifically to those sites with negative charge.As in different pH ranges,the percantages of specific and electrostatic adsorptions of zine and the mechanisms of specific adsorption were different,the effects of Zn adsorption on apparent charge were varied and could be characterized as:when 1 mmol Zn^2 was adsorbed,a change about 1 mmol in the apparent charge was observed in the low pH range(1),1.4 to 1.5mmol in the moderate pH range(II) and 0.55 to 0.6mmol in the high pH range (III).These experimental data,in terms of soil charge,proved once more author‘s conclusion in the preceding paper(Sun,1993) that in accordance with the behaviors of Zn adsorption by the variable charge soils in relation to pH,three pH ranges with different adsorption mechanisms were delineated;that is,in Range I,specific adsorption was the predominant mechanism,in Ranges II and III,specific and electrostatic adsorptions co-existed,but their specific adsorption mechanisms were not identical.