要正确对待西部种草

西部种草需要正确对待几个问题：良种不是绝对的，与环境协调发展的就是好草种；种草的效益不是单方面的，不是追求单方面的效益；人工草地是现代农业的必要组分，同时不要忽视天然草原；种草不要忽视灌木，清除灌木要慎重；种草要有必要农业投入，应该用好地种草；要以发展动物生产和饲料工业为重点，完善草地农业系统；管理是草业的命脉，应尽早达到草业生产数字化。     

滨藜灌木在优质羊肉形成过程中的作用

主要分析由耐盐植物滨藜灌木加工而成的饲料对羊肉品质的影响。滨藜可以提高胴体中瘦肉的比例．同时可增加肌肉中VE的含量．保持肉色稳定。概述了滨藜在羊肉生产中的最佳利用方式，通过综合考虑放牧条件和动物消化能力两方面因素，改变肉质组成和提高VE含量。滨藜的利用难点是能量值较低、增重效果差，单独饲喂满足不了肉羊生产需要，所以必须在饲料中补充高能牧草或精料。强调了耐盐滨藜灌木在羊肉生产中的作用，由于山羊具有采食滨藜灌木枝芽的特性，所以其增重较明显．同时又可提高瘦肉率和VE含量。     

甘肃天祝高寒地区5种灌木中酚类物质含量的研究

对甘肃天祝金强河高寒地区5种灌木中的酚类物质含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,不同的灌木品种其酚类物质的含量不同。藏沙棘总酚,单宁和缩合单宁的干物质含量均高于其他灌木,分别高达69.67,63.34和42.45 g/kg,而其简单酚的干物质含量最低,仅为4.27 g/kg。窄叶鲜卑木的酚类物质含量较低,与其他灌木相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,单宁和简单酚含量呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.94,P<0.01),与缩合单宁的相关系数为r=0.82(P<0.05),而简单酚与缩合单宁含量呈不显著的负相关关系。     

波尔山羊杂交优势利用与南方灌丛草地开发

波尔山羊是目前世界上最优良的肉用山羊品种之一,国外研究及笔者在国内的试验表明,波尔山羊对本地低产山羊的杂交改良效果十分显著,因而可利用其杂交优势发展高效肉羊生产,高效肉用山羊生产系统的建立,对我国南方丰富的天然灌丛草地资源的开发利用具有交大的潜在价值,可为南方草地畜牧业提供新的发展途径,     

Ecological Wood Adaptation and Horizontal Variations of Vessel Element and Fibre Length of Calligonum mongolicum

INTRODUCTION The larger genus in Polygonaceae is Calligonum, which includes about 100 species of shrubs that grow in central Asia. It is well suited to arid climates with drought resistance, and grows more on clay, sandy and gravel grounds. These plants are often cultivated as ornamentals and a stabilizer of mobile sand dunes. There was published information on the wood anatomy of all the examined genera in Polygonaceae (Ma 1994), but the selected species have not yet been described. Ad…     

Utilisation of wood biomass residues from fruit tree branches,evergreen hardwood shrubs and Greek fir wood as raw materials for particleboard production. Part A. Mechanical properties

This paper investigates the potential of utilising wood biomass from fruit tree branches and evergreen hardwood shrubs as raw materials in the production of particleboards when mixed with Greek fir wood particles. The main mechanical properties of the boards made therefrom were determined and compared with those made of typical industrial wood (IW) particles. The highest modulus of rupture and elasticity (30.0 N/mm² and 4330 N/mm², respectively) in bending and screw withdrawal (SW) resistance (127.8 N/mm) were reported for boards made of Greek fir and were downgraded when the fruit tree branches or evergreen hardwood shrub particles also participated. The participation of fruit tree branch particles in proportions higher than 50% improved the internal bond (IB) of fir produced boards, while the highest IB strength (0.95 N/mm²) was reported for boards made of fruit tree branches. Particleboards made of evergreen hardwood shrubs showed inferior mechanical properties compared with those made of IW particles. The latter also showed superior bending strength but inferior SW resistance compared with boards made of fruit tree branches. Hygroscopic and other properties are under determination and will be presented and discussed in the second part of the work.     

灌丛化对高寒草甸土壤水力性质的影响

全球气候变化背景下,青藏高原高寒草甸灌丛化已经成为青藏高原植被景观的主要变化趋势。为了更好地认识和理解灌丛化与高寒草甸生态系统的关系,以青藏高原东缘川西锦鸡儿(Caragana Erinacea Kom)和金露梅(Potentilla Fruticosa)灌丛化高寒草甸为对象,采用环刀浸泡法和双环入渗法研究了其在未灌丛化、轻度灌丛化、中度灌丛化和重度灌丛化阶段土壤持水和入渗能力特征。结果表明:(1)2种灌丛化草甸土壤容重在中度灌丛化阶段最低,总孔隙度在中度灌丛化阶段最高。(2)随着灌丛化程度的增加,2种灌丛化草甸土壤含水量呈增加趋势,表现为在重度灌丛化阶段最高;土壤毛管持水量、田间持水量和最大持水量呈抛物线变化趋势,在中度灌丛化阶段最大。(3)2种灌丛化草甸土壤的初渗率、稳渗率和入渗速度随灌丛化程度的增加总体表现为增加趋势,其中在中度和重度灌丛化阶段显著高于未灌丛化阶段。(4)相关性分析表明,灌丛化草甸土壤的入渗指标与土壤含水量、非毛管孔隙度有显著相关关系。因此,高寒草甸灌丛化过程中,土壤水力性质的改变通常发生在中度和重度灌丛化阶段。     

Plant Diversity and Vegetation Structure in Encroached and Non-encroached Areas of Borana Rangelands： The Case of Hallona and Medhacho Pastoralist Associations

The Borana rangelands are important areas of cattle production in Ethiopia. However, these rangelands are threatened by the increasing changes in the natural vegetation from grass and forbs dominated into unpalatable bushy woody vegetation resulting in the loss of some of the highly desirable grass species. This study was conducted to assess the impacts of bush encroachment on the biodiversity, structure and cover of the native vegetation in bush encroached and non-encroached sites. Vegetation data were collected from both sites by laying quadrate plots along transects using a systematic sampling method. According to the results, higher number of species was recorded in the non-encroached sites than that in the encroached sites. The diversity indices for the non-encroached and the encroached sites were 3.16 and 2.67, respectively. The abundance and cover analysis indicated that there was high density and cover of herbaceous species in the non-encroached site. There was a significantly higher density of woody species cover in the encroached site. Generally, the bush encroachment in the Borana rangelands has hampered the diversity of the native vegetation, particularly the grasses and forbs and reduced the ground cover, exposing large parts of the rangelands for soil erosion and other degradation process.     

4种花灌木乔木化育苗技术研究

为了摸索如何把花灌木育成树状小乔木的育苗技术,选择了园林常见多花的扶桑、红花夹竹桃、黄花夹竹桃、紫薇等4个树种,采用保留单一中轴主枝,并按主枝全苗、主枝中截和主枝截顶三个处理方法,通过头年密植育干,第二年疏植养干,第三年储冠的育苗技术,育成了树状小乔木,改进了育苗期整形修剪技术.进一步提高了园林观赏效果.     

灌木围障预防兔害对油松高影响研究

产生兔害的根本原因是竞争有限的空间和食物资源,灌木围障将野兔与林木隔离,不限制其在林内的活动,是一种环境友好型的林木兔害预防方法.为了掌握灌木围障对林木高的影响,研究了用沙棘、黄刺玫和其他灌木枝条围罩处理对油松高的作用.试验在当年油松定植时布设,设罩盖与不罩盖处理,5次重复,苗龄3 a,各处理300株.2006年5月定植时对处理区的油松进行测量、标记.处理后2007-2011年5月各调查1次油松高生长量.结果表明:灌木围障隔离对油松高有促长作用,且灌木篱笆促长作用优于灌木围墙.桥北灌木篱笆区定植5 a的油松综合增益指数为20.6％±1.35％,比灌木围墙处理提高了9.3％±1.90％,差异极显著(F=23.299,p=0.000).而旬邑林区两种处理间油松净高增益指数差异不显著(F=2.429,p=0.126),综合增益指数相差2.7％±1.03％.两地各处理油松净高增益大小依次为桥北篱笆＞桥北围墙＞旬邑篱笆＞旬邑围墙.随着定植年限的延长,两地油松净高增益指数有进一步扩大的趋势,油松高生长差距逐渐扩大.