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1.
新疆各类陆栖脊椎动物近 70 0种 ,占中国这一类动物种数的 32 %,其中鸟兽资源尤其丰富 ,计有 42 5种鸟类和 1 5 5种兽类 (哺乳类 ) ,占中国鸟兽种数的 31 %。本文主要以新疆三大山区———阿尔泰山、天山、昆仑 -阿尔金山地区鸟类和哺乳类动物的多样性及区系分布作综合性介绍和分析。根据实地考察和以往文献资料 ,新疆阿尔泰山区记录在 1 2 4种鸟类 ,其中古北界北方型鸟类 5 1种 (占 41 .1 %) ,中亚型鸟类 31种 (占 2 5 .0 %) ,广布种鸟类 2 7种 (占 2 1 .8%) ,其他类型1 5种 (占 1 2 .1 %) ,显出以北方型泰加林鸟类为主的鸟类区系特征 ;分布的 5 0种兽类 ,区系上以古北界北方泰加林为主 ,即北方型兽类占该山区种数的 5 2 %。天山山区记录的鸟类大约2 81种 ,北方型种类占绝对优势 ,即北方型 1 0 6种 (占 37.72 %) ,北方广布型 76种 (占 2 7.0 4 %) ,中亚型 39种 (占 1 3.88%) ,高地型 1 8种 (占 6.41 %) ,广布型 33种 (占 1 1 .74%) ,东北型 9种 (占 3.2 1 %)。兽类分布有 62种 ,北方型兽类区系占优势 ,有 30种 (占 48.40 %) ,广布型 1 2种 (占 1 9.40 %) ,中亚型 1 1种 (占 1 7.70 %) ,特有种 9种 (占 1 4.5 0 %)。昆仑—阿尔金山地区 96种鸟类中 ,中亚类型成份占 2 8.1 %,高地型成分占 2 6%,北方型成? 相似文献
2.
【目的】探究蜡蝉科及其各亚科的分布格局与起源。【方法】根据世界动物地理分区,以搜集到的标本和权威文献记录为依据,建立蜡蝉科物种及地理分布数据库,采用Arc-GIS软件的地理信息处理功能对地理分布数据库进行运算,得到蜡蝉科物种地理分布图,用区系相似系数分析区域间物种的相似性。【结果】(1)蜡蝉科在新热带区分布的种类最多,达290种,其次是东洋区、非洲区和澳洲区,在新北区和古北区较少;(2)新热带区分布的属和特有属最多,非洲区次之,东洋区的特有属比例小于前2个大区,澳洲区分布属较少,但特有属比例很高,古北区分布的特有属明显较少,新北区无特有属分布;(3)新北区和新热带区蜡蝉科物种的相似系数为4.38,古北区与东洋区的相似系数为2.29,其他各区之间的相似系数都较低。蜡蝉科中Lyncidinae、Phenacinae、Poiocerinae和Strongylodematinae 4个亚科均起源于新世界;Aphaeninae、Xosopharinae和Zanninae 3个亚科起源于旧世界;Amyclinae、Dichopterinae、Enchophorinae和Fulgorinae 4个亚科可能分别起源于新世界和旧世界。【结论】各大区间蜡蝉科种类相似性系数高低与该科的地质演化历史密切相关。蜡蝉科可能起源于新世界和旧世界,起源时间可能在白垩纪早期,距今约135 Ma。 相似文献
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4.
重金属污染土壤不同修复处理后的土壤动物群落结构特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探讨重金属污染过的土壤经修复后其土壤生态的变化情况,于2014.12—2015.12期间,采用干漏斗法针对经过不同修复处理后的土壤动物群落结构进行追踪研究。研究结果表明:由于污染抑制了某些土壤动物的生存,导致土壤动物的个体数与类群数锐减;而杜绝污染水源后,修复植物根系土壤动物群类群数与个体数增加,并且蜱螨目、弹尾目和线虫纲等常见的土壤动物类群修复效果明显。说明被重金属污染过的土壤在断绝污染水源后,人工种植修复植物不仅可以改善土壤物理性质,而且对根系土壤动物也有修复作用。 相似文献
5.
Sandstone massifs with their deep ravines or gorges offer the instructive opportunity to study the response of organisms to steep environmental gradients. In 2008–2010, many groups of soil fauna were studied along transects across three ravines in the Bohemian Switzerland National Park (north-western Czech Republic), a part of the Elbe Sandstone Massif. Each transect included five sampling positions: two opposite edges, two opposite mid-slope positions, and the ravine bottom. The ravines had a specific microclimate characterized by temperature inversion. In general, the cooler and more humid ravine bottoms had also less acid soil with lower carbon content but enriched by litter of deciduous trees and herbs. The other transect positions were characterized by spruce (mid-slopes) and pine (edges) stands with mor humus, exposed to drought in the upper parts. The soil animal communities (identified to species level) differed substantially in dependence on their position along the transects. Ravine bottoms hosted a diverse soil fauna, including a rich macrofauna. The thick duff layer of acid soils on the slopes and edges hosted a poorer fauna but supported high densities of important decomposers such as enchytraeids, oribatid mites and microbivorous nematodes. In general, these were higher on the slopes, presumably due to the drought exposure of the edges. Vertical position in the ravine and soil pH were the most important factors explaining community composition. This confirmed that the area's high geomorphological diversity, leading to steep microclimatic gradients and heterogenous soil conditions, is a major cause of its high biodiversity. A shift in community structure in the lower parts of the ravines, observed after the first half of the study period, was possibly caused by summer flash floods. An increased frequency and severity of dry spells and flash floods due to heavy rains, predicted by relevant climate warming scenarios, will probably have an detrimental effect on the ravines'soil fauna. 相似文献
6.
The role of soil organisms as possible driver of flowering has never been investigated. We hypothesized that Collembola (microarthropods) will change plant allocation to reproductive modes by changing soil nutrient availability. Individual seedlings of Poa annua were planted in microcosms, in the presence or absence of Collembola. Collembola affected biotic (fungal biomass) and abiotic (, P2O5) soil properties and some morphological (number of leaves, root biomass) and chemical (C:N, K, Mg, N) traits of P. annua. As a result, flowering of P. annua was promoted by the presence of Collembola. This provides experimental evidence that soil microarthropods can affect the reproduction strategy and phenology of a plant. 相似文献
7.
Studies of biological responses in the terrestrial environment to rapid changes in climate have mostly been concerned with aboveground biota, whereas less is known of belowground organisms. The present study focuses on mites and springtails of heathland ecosystems and how the microarthropod community has responded to simulated climate change in a long-term field experiment. Increased temperature and repeated drought was applied for 13 years to field plots located in Wales, The Netherlands and Denmark representing sites of contrasting climatic conditions with respect to precipitation and temperature. This approach provided an opportunity to study biological responses on a local (within sites) and regional scale. Warming treatments increasing night time temperature (0.3–1 °C higher than ambient at 5 cm soil depth) had no detectable effects on the microarthropod communities. Increased intensity and frequency of drought had only weak persistent effects on springtail species composition, but practically no effect on major mite groups (Oribatida, Prostigmata or Mesostigmata) suggesting that ecosystem functions of microarthropods may only be transiently impacted by repeated spring or summer drought. 相似文献
8.
塔里木河鱼类区系变化及土著鱼类保护问题 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
塔里木河鱼类区系从60年代前的15种增加到80年代的41种;区系成份增加河平原复合体,早第三纪复合体,热带平原复合体,北方平原复合体的成份。塔河土著鱼类分布区缩小,数量减少,如新疆大头鱼已到濒危状态。影响塔河鱼类正常生长、增殖的主要因素是水利工程建筑,垦荒毁林,过度捕捞,不合理移植。文章还提出了保护塔河土著鱼类的措施。 相似文献
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10.
Are hedgerows effective corridors between fragments of woodland habitat? An evidence-based approach 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Anthropogenic modification of the countryside has resulted in much of the landscape consisting of fragments of once continuous
habitat. Increasing habitat connectivity at the landscape-scale has a vital role to play in the conservation of species restricted
to such remnant patches, especially as species may attempt to track zones of habitat that satisfy their niche requirements
as the climate changes. Conservation policies and management strategies frequently advocate corridor creation as one approach
to restore connectivity and to facilitate species movements through the landscape. Here we examine the utility of hedgerows
as corridors between woodland habitat patches using rigorous systematic review methodology. Systematic searching yielded 26
studies which satisfied the review inclusion criteria. The empirical evidence currently available is insufficient to evaluate
the effectiveness of hedgerow corridors as a conservation tool to promote the population viability of woodland fauna. However,
the studies did provide anecdotal evidence of positive local population effects and indicated that some species use hedgerows
as movement conduits. More replicated and controlled field investigations or long-term monitoring are required in order to
allow practitioners and policy makers to make better informed decisions about hedgerow corridor creation and preservation.
The benefits of such corridors in regard to increasing habitat connectivity remain equivocal, and the role of corridors in
mitigating the effects of climate change at the landscape-scale is even less well understood. 相似文献