广东象头山国家级自然保护区蜻蜓目昆虫区系地理研究

2017 年 3 月至 2019 年 12 月对象头山国家级自然保护区蜻蜓目昆虫进行了持续调查，鉴定和统计到 122 种蜻蜓，隶属于 14 科 74 属，蜻科种类最多，有 33 种，其次为春蜓科，有 28 种，优势种为华艳色蟌 Neurobasis chinensis、胭翅绿色蟌 Mnais mneme、并纹小叶春蜓 Gomphidia kruegeri、海南亚春蜓 Asiagomphus hainanensis、笛尾弓蜻 Macromia calliope、黑尾灰蜻 Orthetrum glaucum、黄蜻 Pantala flavescens、庆褐蜻 rithemis festiva 等。在世界动物地理区系类型方面，东洋界种类较多，有 92 种，占总数的 75.41%；东洋界 – 古北界类型的种类相对较少，只有 28 种，约占总数的 22.95%，广布种有 2 种；中国动物区系地理方面，有 10 种分布型组合，华南区的种类最多，有 50 种，占 40.98%；跨西南区的有 13 种，占 10.66%，跨华中区的有 19 种，占 15.77%；跨西南区、华中区、华北区的种类也较多，有 20种，占 16.39%。蜻蜓目昆虫区系分析结果与象头山自然保护区所处地理位置相一致。     

Tracking the Trade in Ornamental Coral Reef Organisms: The Importance of CITES and its Limitations

The extraction of coral reef organisms for the aquarium and curio trade is reported to be contributing to coral reef degradation. The total international trade and associated impacts are unknown, because data are collected only for organisms listed on Appendix II of CITES, which include stony corals, antipatharians and giant clams. CITES data indicate that trade in live stony coral and reef substrate (live rock) increased by 15–30% each year during the 1990s, with most exports since 1992 from Indonesia and Fiji. Overall, 19% of all stony coral traded (by item) from 1985 to 1997 was live; 71kern-1pt% of this was traded between 1993 and 1997 (52% of total trade). Although tracking trade using information from the CITES Trade Database provides limited information (e.g., coral is reported to genus, and volume is reported by item or weight), the CITES mechanism promotes the development of strategies to protect resources. In response to CITES requirements, Indonesia developed a management plan for sustainable harvest of corals, but not for non-CITES listed species such as soft corals and fishes. Trade in hard and soft coral provides revenue for developing countries; however, in order to be of lasting value the industry must be developed with a conservation ethic. This requires support for international programs such as CITES, management plans for sustainable harvest, and improved enforcement.     

中国秆野螟属昆虫的区系研究

根据现有秆野螟属Ostrinia昆虫分类研究文献,列出了中国已知种类名录,对中国该属昆虫区系组成进行了分析.结果表明:①在世界动物区系中, 可分为5个分布型, 以古北、东洋界共有种比重最大,占总种数43.75%;其次为古北界独有种,占总种数25.00%;三为东洋界独有种及古北、新北、澳洲界共有种,分别占总种数12.50%;古北、新北界共有种比重最小,占总种数6.25%;以古北、东洋界共有种,古北界独有种及东洋界独有种3个分布型种类丰富,所占比重相加高达总种数81.25%.②在中国动物区划中, 可分为12个分布型,以东北,华北,蒙新及华中区专有种比重较大,分别占总种数12.50%;以东北,华北,蒙新,华中及华南区专有种丰富,所占比重相加达总种数56.25%,其余两区及两区以上的共有种所占比重较小.     

吉林省天牛科（Cerambycidae）昆虫区系初析

本文以１２２种天牛昆虫为资料，对吉林省天牛科昆虫区系作了系统研究．在昆虫地理区划上属于古北地区，中国——喜马拉雅山亚地区．从起源上，东部地区以东方种类为主，西部地区以中亚细亚及东方成分为主，在水平分布上，其种类数量由东到西逐渐减少，危害程度逐渐增大，而垂直分布，随着海拔增高，种类减少．青杨脊虎天牛、青杨楔天牛、光肩星天牛、云杉大墨天牛等４种为主要林木害虫．光胸膜花天牛（ＮｅｃｙｄａｌｉｓｐｅｎｎａｔａＬｅｗｉｓ）属吉林省新记录．     

Do plant species encourage soil biota that specialise in the rapid decomposition of their litter?

Plants are often nutrient limited and soil organisms are important in mediating nutrient availability to plants. Thus, there may be a selective advantage to plants that alter the soil community in ways that enhance the decomposition of their litter and, hence, their ability to access nutrients. We incubated litter from three tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus and Picea sitchensis) in the presence of biota extracted from soil beneath a stand of each species to test the hypothesis that litter decomposes fastest in the presence of biota derived from soil where that species is locally abundant. We found that respiration rate, a measure of decomposer activity and carbon mineralisation, was affected by litter type and source of soil biota, whereas, mass loss was only affected by litter type. However, litter from each tree species did not decompose faster in the presence of indigenous soil biota. These findings, therefore, provide no support for the notion that woodland plants encourage the development of soil communities that rapidly decompose their litter.     

大别山区皖鄂蝶类多样性比较研究

2011年夏季通过对位于大别山腹地小岐岭两侧的安徽鹞落坪国家级自然保护区和湖北桃花冲国家级森林公园的蝶类多样性进行调查研究,结果表明保护区样地的蝶类多样性及均匀性明显高于非保护区样地。     

Response of Coniferous Forest Ecosystems on Mineral Soils to Nutrient Additions: A Review of Swedish Experiences

Nitrogen (N) is the only nutrient that promotes forest growth when given individually. An extra stem growth of 15 m 3 ha -1 is obtained during a 10 yr period following an application of 150 kg N ha -1 . Larger growth increases have often been the result of more intensive N fertilization. Lime or wood ash give a minor growth stimulation on sites with a carbon (C) to N ratio below 30 in the humus layer, while the opposite effect prevails on N-poor sites. Nutrients given as soluble fertilizers are readily taken up by trees. Boron deficiency may be induced in northern Sweden after N fertilization or liming. The ground vegetation may be altered by single-shot N fertilization, but long-term effects occur only for intensive regimes. Lime or wood ash may modify the flora if soil pH is significantly altered: the change will be in response to N availability. Fruit-body production of mycorrhizal fungi is disfavoured by chronic N input, but also by lime or ash. However, the mycorrhizal structures on root tips are less affected. Faunistic studies are not common and those present are mostly devoted to soil fauna. A practical N dose of 150 kg N ha -1 has no clear effect, but higher doses may reduce the abundance in some groups. Hardened wood ash does not significantly affect the soil fauna. Lime favours snails and earthworms, while other groups are often disfavoured. The response of aquatic fauna to terrestrial treatments has hardly been studied. N fertilization generally results in insignificant effects on fish and benthic fauna. Lime and wood ash reduce the acidity of the topsoil, but practical doses (2-3 t ha -1 ) are too low to raise the alkalinity of runoff unless outflow areas are treated. N fertilizer use in forestry and N-free fertilizers lack effects on acidification. N fertilization may, however, be strongly acidifying if nitrification is induced and followed by nitrate leaching. N fertilization often results in increased long-term C retention in trees and soil, but does not promote significant N 2 O losses. N may temporarily reduce CH 4 oxidation in soil, but there are indications of a long-term opposite effect. Lime and poorly hardened wood ash may cause losses of C from N-rich soils. Only a few per cent of added N are leached to surface water following practical N fertilization, while N-free fertilizers do not induce N leaching. Soil incubations and soil-water studies suggest an increased risk for nitrate formation and leaching where lime or wood have been added to N-rich soils, but increased leaching to surface water has not been observed. Wood ash causes a temporal increase in bioavailability of cadmium (Cd). Other fertilizers may indirectly increase the availability of heavy metals. Wood ash may contain radioactive caesium 137Cs, but addition of such ash does not increase radioactivity in plants and soil.     

长江三角洲淡水鱼类区系研究

整理了长江三角洲地区淡水鱼类名录,并对该地区淡水鱼类的区系组成进行了分析。结果表明,长三角地区共有淡水鱼类220种,隶属14目35科109属。该地区淡水鱼类可分为6个区系复合体:中国江河平原鱼类区系复合体,98种;南方热带平原鱼类区系复合体,65种;中印山区鱼类区系复合体,5种;北方平原鱼类区系复合体,5种;北方山区区系复合体,5种;上第三纪鱼类区系复合体,7种。其他种类为河口及洄游性鱼类。长三角地区鱼类区系以东亚特有的江河平原鱼类为主。     

重庆市蝶类区系组成研究

】１９９０～１９９７年对重庆市蝶类调查表明,现有蝶类２５０种,隶属于１１科１２９属。其中,东洋种１６５种,古北种２３种,广布种６２种,分别占总种数的６６．０％,９．２％和２４．８％,以东洋界种类为主要成分。与相邻的湖北、湖南两省蝶类区系共同处多,关系密切,在区系形成演化上可能有相似的历史渊源。     

六盘山不全变态类昆虫区系研究

本文在考证大量文献资料和定名标本基础上整理出六盘山不全变态类昆虫名录,共计12目70科236属382种。采用二元相似性系数公式SI=C/（A＋B-C）对该区昆虫的区系特征及其相互间关系进行了分析。最后以下初步结论：六盘山不全变态类昆虫在世界动物地理区系中,突出古北区成分,共计219种,占已知总数的57.33%,古北界＋东洋界混合成分次之,共计122种,占31.94%;在中国动物地理区系中,华北动物区成分113种,占29.58%,其他成分由高到低依次为：蒙新区〉东北区〉西南区〉青藏区〉华中区〉华南区,表明该区昆虫在区系组成上的特殊性。