摆动平底从动件盘形凸轮廓解析设计的应用

本文根据具体机器动作协调性要求及其具体空间几何条件,采用了摆动从动件盘形凸轮机构。其摆杆推程在O°～52°及52°～62°范围内分别采用了等加速——等速合理拼接运动规律。回程在62°～153°范围内采用了正弦加速度运动规律。用极坐标矢量分析法建立方程、微分,通过电脑程序计算,设计制造出凸轮轮廓,用于禾苗移植机的擒纵机构处,完全符合生产要求,获得了理想的效果。     

Weeding techniques in transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in Pakistan

Field studies were undertaken to explore the weed management strategies for transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in the Dera Ismail Khan district of North-west Frontier Province, Pakistan. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split plot arrangement. The main plots consisted of two planting techniques (transplantation and direct seeding), while weed control practises assigned to the subplots included the use of the granular herbicide Sunstar 15WG (ethoxy sulfuron), Machete 60EC (butachlor), conventional hand weeding, and the weedy check (untreated control). Data were recorded on weed dynamics and the agronomic parameters of the rice crop. Economic analyses on the data were also run. The weed density and biomass were lower in the transplantation plots than the direct-seeding plots. The herbicides ethoxy sulfuron and butachlor reduced the density over the weedy check, with a density comparable to hand weeding in 2002, but slightly higher in 2003. As a result of weed management by hand weeding and herbicides, the paddy yield and its components were significantly higher for the transplanted method compared to the direct-seeded method. The comparable yield of herbicides with hand weeding offers an option for the use of herbicides as an alternative management tool. In light of our findings, it is concluded that for good economic returns, rice crops may be transplanted rather than direct-seeded. The herbicides ethoxy sulfuron and butachlor offer a weed control cover comparable with hand weeding under the transplantation method, while butachlor is good for controlling weeds even under the direct-seeded conditions in the agroclimatic conditions of the area.     

瘤胃液移植在反刍动物中的研究进展

瘤胃液移植是一种将健康供体动物的瘤胃液转移给受体动物的技术。目前，针对瘤胃液移植的报道还相对有限，但越来越多的研究结果显示，瘤胃液移植可以影响反刍动物的干物质采食量、产奶量等，还具有重建瘤胃菌群结构的潜力。本文综述了瘤胃液移植的方法及实践中的应用研究，分析其对反刍动物生长性能、瘤胃发酵、瘤胃微生物区系的影响以及在治疗某些疾病方面的作用，为反刍动物瘤胃液移植的研究提供参考。     

探讨如何提高大树移植的成活率

据各大城市提供的数据分析,大树移植的成活率仅在50%左右,这个问题日益受到有关专家及园林建设者们的重视。如何提高大树移植的成活率?笔者经过多年的实践,认为,大树移植是一项系统的工程,需要严格的技术要求和具体的养护措施,只有遵循自然生长规律,才能收到较好的成活效果。     

动物胚胎移植技术发展概况及存在问题

动物胚胎移植实际是生产胚胎的供体和养育胚胎的受体分工合作繁殖后代的过程。其目的是使经济效益低、生产性能不高、不符合社会需要和人们生活需求的母畜作为受体生产出经济效益高、生产性能好、符合社会和人们需求的良种后代，以便迅速增加良种畜禽的数量，大大提高受体母畜的繁殖效率和经济效益。本文就国内外和甘肃省的胚胎移植技术发展概况进行阐述，并从胚胎移植推广应用角度分析了胚胎移植技术存在的主要问题。     

Intrathymic inoculation of liver specific antigen protects hepatocytes from apoptosis after liver allotransplantation

AIM: To study the effects of intrathymic inoculation of liver specific antigen (LSA) on hepatocyte apoptosis after liver allotransplantation. METHODS: Orthotopic liver transplantation was used in this study. Group Ⅰ: syngenic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); Group Ⅱ: acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar); Group Ⅲ: thymus inoculation of SD rat LSA day 7 before transplantation. The observation of general situation and survival time, hepatocyte apoptosis and LAT expression in liver transplants were used to analyze immune state of animals in different groups. RESULTS: The general situation of group Ⅰ was very well after transplantation. Recipients of groupⅡ lost body weight progressively and all died within day 9 to day 13 post transplantation. As for group Ⅲ, the general situation of recipients was remarkably better than that in group Ⅱ. The positive cells of apoptosis in group Ⅲ detected by TUNEL were not significantly different from that in group Ⅰ, but was significantly lower than that in group Ⅱ. LAT was detected at any time in group Ⅱ with peak expression at day 5 and day 7 post transplantation. In contrast, LAT was not detected in any other groups. CONCLUSION: Intrathymic inoculation of LSA protects hepatocytes from apoptosis after liver allotransplantation.     

Embryo Transplantation in Cattle: Non-Surgical Recovery of Embryos From Repeat Breeders

Fourteen true repeat breeders with entirely normal oestrous cyclicity more than 1 year after calving and 14 control donor cows were superovulated with PMSG (2000 i.u.) and flushed non-surgically 6–8 days after the superovulatory heat. The superovulatory response was identical for the 2 groups such as assessed by the number of corpora lutea (9.4 ± 1.8 C.L. per repeat breeder and 9.1 ± 1.5 per control cow), occurrence of ovarian overstimulation (polycysts), presence of a non-countable amount of corpora lutea, negative outcome of the flushings and the number of recovered embryos (5.8 ± 1.0 embryos per repeat breeder and 6.0 ± 1.8 embryos per control cow). The most pronounced difference between the 2 categories of animals was related to the fertilization rate of embryos. In the repeat breeder group only 2.4 embryos per cow or 41 % were fertilized, whereas the control animals attained a fertilization rate of 4.9 embryos or 82 %. Since most factors liable to interfere with the fertilization process were identical for both groups (age, breed, nutritional and management conditions, semen quality, dose, AI-technician e.g.), it is believed that intraovarian, follicular, or follicular-dynamic conditions were responsible for producing a high proportion of non-fertilizable oocytes.     

水牛卵母细胞去核方法的比较

水牛卵母细胞体外成熟22h后，分别用盲吸法、点击法和纺锤体成像系统（Spindle—View System）去核。结果，三者的去核率分别为65．1％、81．8％和95．0％，差异极显著（P〈0．01）。以水牛胎儿成纤维细胞为供体，通过核移植构建的重构胚的融合率、分裂率和囊胚发育率，在上述3种方法之间均没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。认为点击法是一种较为简单、实用和有效的去核方法。     

卵母细胞去核及卵丘细胞移核方法对猪体细胞核移植的影响

以猪体外成熟卵母细胞周围分离得到的卵丘细胞作为猪体细胞核移植的供核细胞,研究了卵母细胞不同去核方法(盲吸法、活性荧光染色去核法、盲吸法和活性荧光染色法联合去核法)的去核率差异,并比较了卵丘细胞透明带下注核和胞质内注核两种重建胚构建方法的胚胎裂解率、4 8细胞发育率和桑椹胚率的差异。结果表明:(1)以荧光染料染色法的去核率(87.18%)最高,与其他试验组相比差异显著(P<0.05);盲吸法去核所用时间最少(1.2 min/个),与其他试验组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。(2)透明带下注核比卵母细胞质内直接注核的卵裂率(40.11%/29.75%)和4 8细胞率(11.86%/6.81%)高,差异显著(P<0.05);桑椹胚率(1.75%/1.79%)无明显差异(P>0.05)。