长吻帆蜥鱼作为生物采集器探究海洋中深层生物微塑料污染特征

海洋中深层生物作为链接海洋上层与深层食物网的媒介,对维系大洋生态系统结构和功能的稳定有着不可替代的重要作用。由于样品采集的困难性,针对中深层生物微塑料污染研究十分缺乏。长吻帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)具有特殊的消化机制,是优秀的生物采集器。本研究利用激光红外成像光谱技术,量化分析了长吻帆蜥鱼胃中保存的中深层物种体内微塑料的丰度和理化特征。共采集中深层鱼类和头足类7种,其肠道中检测出微塑料146个,检出率85.71%,丰度为10.43 ± 12.12个/尾, 粒径为20.34~309.89 μm(47.36 μm ± 43.41 μm)。微塑料以颗粒状(59.58%)和碎片状(36.30%)为主,聚合物成分主要是丙烯酸酯共聚物(Acrylate copolymer),占比60.27%。本研究首次证明了长吻帆蜥鱼作为生物采集器开展海洋中深层生物微塑料污染研究的可行性,研究结果对解析大洋生态系统微塑料污染及其潜在生态风险具有重要意义。     

用最大树种数测度森林群落树种丰富度

目的 试图给出确定森林群落树种丰富度的方法,解决物种丰富度测度问题,完善森林生物多样性研究的方法。 方法 采用Monod模型表达种-面积曲线,通过数学手段确定最小森林群落面积和最大树种数。 结果 用本研究提出的方法对不同气候带森林物种丰富度进行测算,结果表明：热带森林群落具有更高的最大树种数和更大的群落最小面积,物种丰富度随气候带由热带到寒温带逐渐减少。 结论 用最大树种数能够确切表达不同气候带森林群落树种丰富度,克服了现有研究中直接把不同大小调查面积上的树种数量视为树种丰富度的弊端。     

乡土果树南酸枣在城市绿化中的应用

南酸枣是优良的林果药兼用型乡土树种,具有广阔的城市栽培前景。文章对其生物学特性以及城市中栽培的价值、形式、技术等方面进行了简要探讨。     

辽西地区主要造林树种抗旱性的研究

辽西地区属于半干旱季风气候区,年平均温度为7.1—8.2℃,年降水量为400—600mm,年蒸发量为1600mm,为降水量的3—4倍。干燥是该区总的气候特点。该区的植物群落主要为旱生的森林灌丛或草本植物群落,针叶树建群种为油松,阔叶树为蒙古栎,元宝槭,黄榆;灌木主要为荆条和酸枣。土壤是在各种岩石风化物残积母质上,以及黄土、红土母质上发育的淋溶褐土和褐色性土,土壤干旱瘠薄。水分是这一地区限制造林树种成活及生长的主要因子,本文试图通过对树种抗旱性的测定和分析,确定树种的抗旱能力,从而为辽西地区的造林提供树种选择的依据。     

Spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in relation to spatial distributions of krill in the Ross Sea,Antarctica

The spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales in the Ross Sea with relation to spatial distributions of their prey – krill – was investigated in this study using generalized additive models (GAMs). Spatial distributions of two species of krill (ice and Antarctic krill) were estimated by GAMs. Three abiotic factors – distance from the continental shelf break (800 m isobaths), the mean temperature and salinity from the surface to 200 m (MTEM‐200 and MSAL‐200), and latitude and longitude – were used as covariates for models of krill. Estimated spatial distributions of krill were then used with other covariates to model the spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales. In the selected model of Antarctic minke whales, Antarctic krill were more influential than ice krill. The number of Antarctic minke whales increased as the density of Antarctic krill increased to around 1.5 g m^?2. Beyond that, the number of Antarctic minke whales decreased as the density of Antarctic krill increased. High densities of the Antarctic minke whales were estimated along the sea ice edge in the eastern part of the Ross Sea. Specifically, the densities were high in the north of the continental shelf break where low MTEM‐200 and MSAL‐200 and intermediate densities of Antarctic krill were observed. Further data collection is needed to investigate interannual variations and trends in their relationship. The results show that the spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales is a function of longitude, distance from the shelf break, oceanographic condition (temperature and salinity), and densities of ice and Antarctic krill.     

Livestock grazing has minimal effect on the species richness and diversity of semi-arid shrubland in the Western Little Karoo,South Africa

The Succulent Karoo, one of two arid biodiversity hotspots in the world, is known for its high plant species richness, but little is known about the influence of topography and how it mediates the potentially deleterious effects of grazing. Changes in vegetation species composition, cover and species diversity were examined along piosphere gradients on northerly slopes, bottomlands and low-lying plains on 45 farms. Landscapes differed in the plant speciesand life-form composition, species richness and cover, with the more species-rich, heterogeneous grassy northerly slopes distinct from the plains and bottomlands, which were dominated by Pteronia pallens, Psilocaulon junceum and Drosanthenum spp. with more annual and ephemeral species. Overall, species richness declined linearly with decreasing rangeland condition. A weak grazing effect was detected only on the north-facing slopes, where shrubs and grass decreased with intense grazing. Years of overgrazing have resulted in the widespread dominance of P. pallens, especially on the plains and bottomlands, rendering them insensitive to grazing. The current condition of the northern slopes should be maintained and managed such that palatable species can spread to more degraded areas of the landscape.     

不同山羊草细胞质效应的比较研究

以 2 4种不同山羊草细胞质的稳定同核异质杂种为材料 ,进行了植株生长特性、病害抗性、抗低温能力、光合特性、主要农艺性状、自交育性和种子蛋白质含量等方面的比较研究。同时 ,还分析了异源细胞质效应的遗传特点 ,指出了生产上有应用价值的细胞质材料     

珍珠粟在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展

珍珠粟作为一种重要的热带谷类作物而广泛地种植于半干旱地区,坑旱、耐瘠,其籽实蛋白质含量高,氨基酸组成合理,含抗营养因子少,作为玉米的替代品而广泛地应用于畜禽养殖业中,尤其在非反刍动物饲料中的应用效果较好。     

放牧对青海湖北岸高寒草原植物群落特征的影响

基于青海湖北岸高寒草原连续3年放牧控制试验,研究了暖季和冷季放牧草地植物群落特征的变化。结果表明,暖季和冷季放牧草地群落地上生物量均随放牧强度的增加呈现下降趋势,禾本科地上生物量的变化趋势基本与群落地上生物量的一致;中度放牧对暖季放牧草地植被的影响程度高于冷季放牧草地;围栏封育区和冷季重度放牧草地的优势种均为紫花针茅(Stipapurpurea)和矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis),暖季放牧各放牧小区和冷季放牧草地轻度和中度放牧处理优势种均为紫花针茅和披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata);随放牧强度的增加,暖季放牧草地群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出先降低后增加的趋势,冷季放牧草地群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出增加的趋势,但是多样性指数在暖、冷季放牧草地均以重度放牧区最高。