铜对体外仔猪软骨细胞增殖和细胞骨架的影响

体外分离、培养仔猪关节软骨细胞,在细胞培养液中分别添加铜0、7.8、15.6、31.2、62.5μmol/L。结果表明,软骨细胞在4种铜浓度中可存活并增殖,但随铜浓度的增加,其存活率、增殖率、3H-TdR掺入率有明显的差异,且能破坏软骨细胞骨架。培养液中添加铜31.2μmol/L,对软骨细胞的增殖作用最强,增殖率、3H-TdR掺入数显著高于对照组(P<0.01),软骨细胞形态及骨架均正常。表明31.2μmol/L铜浓度是促进体外软骨细胞增殖的最适浓度。     

Disseminated cryptococcosis including osteomyelitis in a horse

A 4-year-old Arab mare was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis, including osteomyelitis of the proximal phalanx of the left hind limb, osteomyelitis with associated soft tissue granuloma of a rib and disseminated, large cryptococcal nodules in the lungs. The lesion in the dorsoproximal aspect of the proximal phalanx had a large area of cortical lysis with spiculated periosteal new bone and extensive soft tissue swelling. The affected rib had a pathological fracture. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis has not been previously reported in horses but should be considered as a differential diagnosis, particularly in endemic regions.     

A Fast One-Step Scanning Thinning Algorithm

A new quick thinning algorithm was presented in this paper,which assigneddifferent weights to different pixels near the skeleton pixels and rules out the im possible pixels in thethinning procedure. It needs neither iteration on pixel panel nor detection on every pixel such thatthe time consumed is greatly lessened. A filling algorithm is also offered for better results.Experiment on variety of binary patterns showed that it could get both a high speed and a goodskeleton shape compared with other algorithms,This new algorithm reaches perfect result.     

基于Web的森林防火专家系统知识库的构建

介绍了基于森林防火专家系统的知识表示、知识获取和知识库组织的基本原理和方法，阐述了一种基于网络的知识库构建的一种新方案，使推理机的设计实现容易、知识库的维护更加灵活，实现了知识的获取功能以及网络多用户访问时的并发控制功能，克服了传统专家系统的弊端。     

矛尾虾虎鱼仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的发育观察

采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,研究矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)仔稚鱼(体长范围为4.7~45.1 mm)脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的形态发育特征。结果显示:4.7 mm个体脊索为无分节的长圆柱形;5.3 mm个体随着髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,脊柱开始发育;7.1 mm个体髓弓与脉弓延伸形成髓棘与脉棘,脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,并从前往后硬骨化;22.9 mm个体脊柱形成40~43枚椎骨(躯椎15枚,尾椎25~28枚)。矛尾虾虎鱼附肢骨骼系统的发育顺序依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、第二背鳍与臀鳍、第一背鳍与腹鳍。4.8 mm个体可见软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨和乌喙骨-肩胛软骨,以及部分骨化的匙骨;16.8 mm个体肩带开始骨化。腹鳍支鳍骨最早在8.9 mm个体出现,在17.0 mm个体开始骨化。6.6 mm个体脊索上方中部与肛门后端分别出现13和11枚软骨质的支鳍骨;第二背鳍先于第一背鳍出现,背鳍支鳍骨与臀鳍支鳍骨分别在13.0 mm和12.1 mm个体中开始由前向后骨化,第二背鳍与臀鳍第1枚鳍条分别在22.7 mm和20.6 mm个体中锐化成背棘与臀棘。5.8 mm个体最早出现2枚尾下骨,随着脊索末端向上弯曲,10.9 mm个体尾鳍基本成型,共有2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨、1枚尾椎髓体、1枚侧尾下骨和3枚尾下骨,且第2枚与第3枚尾下骨已愈合完全,24.3 mm个体尾鳍骨化基本完成。矛尾虾虎鱼仔稚鱼骨骼发育研究结果对其分类鉴定和早期发育功能趋向有重要作用。     

论基础设施骨架与城市化建设——基于新疆喀什市的调查

发展离不开基础设施建设的助推.沿海地区经济快速发展和某些区域开发的成功,一条共同的经验就是通过率先启动大规模的基础设施建设,为经济高速增长奠定坚实的基础.本文将就喀什市的基础设施骨架与城市化建设进行深入研究,重点考察喀什市的交通运输骨架现状,然后探讨喀什城市化的进程及其特征、城市化的动力机制,接着分析喀什城市化面临的主要挑战尤其是城市化进程中的生态保护问题,最后从宏观上就城乡发展一体化问题进行简要总结.     

基于深度学习与激光点云的橡胶林枝干重建及参数反演

树木的几何建模在林木性状评价、森林动态经营管理与可视化研究中具有重要意义。现今,从激光雷达（Light Detection And Ranging,LiDAR）数据中重建树体三维模型并精准获取林木空间枝干结构参数是数字林业发展的必然趋势。该研究提出了一种深度学习与计算机图形学相融合的树木骨架重建与参数反演方法。该方法以PR107、CATAS 7-20-59、CATAS 8-79三个品种的橡胶树为实验对象,首先,采用背包移动激光雷达获取三个橡胶树品种的样地数据,并通过体素剖分和数据增广策略来构建橡胶树训练样本集。其次,构造由四层特征编码层和特征解码层所组成的点云分类深度学习网络,并包含优化的PointConv模块与不同尺度的特征插值模块,以实现在多尺度条件下,全面考虑点云的全局和局部优化特征,引导网络实现枝叶点云的精确分类。最后,面向分类后的枝干点云,运用计算机图形学的空间连通性算法与圆柱拟合策略,重建树木骨架模型,并自动解决叶子点云与对应的一级枝干归属问题,进而在叶团簇尺度下开展对单株树的精细描述与参数反演。通过对三块橡胶树测试样地的验证和与实测值的比对表明,该研究提出的深度学习网络枝叶分类总体准确率在90.32%以上。骨架重建与叶团簇分析结果显示,PR107品种橡胶树具有较为发散的树冠、最大的分枝夹角和叶团簇体积;CATAS 7-20-59品种橡胶树冠呈花瓶型,分枝夹角和叶团簇体积较小;而CATAS 8-79品种橡胶树尽管胸径最粗,但不耐寒害处于落叶期导致冠积最小。同时,反演得到的橡胶树一级枝干直径与实测值比对为：决定系数R2不低于0.94,均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）小于3.01 cm;主枝干与一级枝干的分枝角为：决定系数R2不低于0.91,均方根误差RMSE不高于4.94°。同时发现橡胶树一级枝干的直径与对应的叶团簇体积呈正相关分布。该研究将人工智能的理论模型应用于林木的激光点云数据处理中,为林木激光点云的智能化分析与处理提供了新颖的解决思路。     

Soil nutrient supply and biomass production in a mixed forest on a skeleton‐rich soil and an adjacent beech forest

In the natural forest communities of Central Europe, beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) predominates in the tree layer over a wide range of soil conditions. An exception with respect to the dominance of beech are skeleton‐rich soils such as screes where up to 10 broad‐leaved trees co‐exist. In such a Tilia‐Fagus‐Fraxinus‐Acer‐Ulmus forest and an adjacent mono‐specific beech forest we compared (1) soil nutrient pools and net nitrogen mineralization rates, (2) leaf nutrient levels, and (3) leaf litter production and stem increment rates in order to evaluate the relationship between soil conditions and tree species composition. In the mixed forest only a small quantity of fine earth was present (35 g l^—1) which was distributed in patches between basalt stones; whereas a significantly higher (P < 0.05) soil quantity (182 g l^—1) was found in the beech forest. In the soil patches of the mixed forest C and N concentrations and also concentrations of exchangeable nutrients (K, Ca, Mg) were significantly higher than in the beech forest. Net N mineralization rates on soil dry weight basis in the mixed forest exceeded those in the beech forest by a factor of 2.6. Due to differences in fine earth and stone contents, the volume related soil K pool and the N mineralization rate were lower in the mixed forest (52 kg N ha^—1 yr^—1, 0—10 cm depth) than in the beech forest (105 kg N ha^—1 yr^—1). The leaf N and K concentrations of the beech trees did not differ significantly between the stands, which suggests that plant nutrition was not impaired. In the mixed forest leaf litter fall (11 %) and the increment rate of stem basal area (52 %) were lower than in the beech forest. Thus, compared with the adjacent beech forest, the mixed forest stand was characterized by a low volume of patchy distributed nutrient‐rich soil, a lower volume related K pool and N mineralization rate, and low rates of stem increment. Together with other factors such as water availability these patterns may contribute to an explanation of the diverse tree species composition on Central European screes.     

保留畜禽脑脊髓附韧带骨架标本制作技术

用“保留畜禽脑脊髓附韧带”技术制作的整体骨架标本保留脑脊髓和关节韧带，不需脱脂、漂白，不必用铁丝穿制，较传统的沤制，煮制方法省时省力，节省资金，即能显著畜禽生态姿势，又能体现骨，关节，韧带标本的完整性。用该技术制作的畜禽整体骨架标本１５ａ未见虫蛀，霉变，散架，变形，无损无缺，色泽逼真，是解剖学骨骼标本制作的１种新方法。     

双峰驼后肢骨骼解剖

对5具双峰驼后肢骨骼进行了形态学观察,并与单峰驼、马、牛的后肢骨骼做了比较,发现双峰驼后肢骨骼的特征如下:髋结节薄而窄小,荐结节厚而宽大;坐骨结节粗大,坐骨弓呈深“V”字形;转子窝很深,约3.5cm,无第三转子;膝盖骨呈上下行的椭圆球形;胫骨很发达,其骨干的外侧部较内侧部锐利;腓骨退化,近端只残留一痕迹,远端退化成胫骨远端外侧部下伸的踝突,无骨干;跗骨有6块排成3列。后肢其余的脚骨(跖骨、近趾节骨、中趾节骨和籽骨)较前肢相应的脚骨细、长,亦无远籽骨。