沙漠化过程土壤种子库特征的研究

采用野外定点取样与室内萌发实验相结合的方法 ,研究了 4种不同类型退化沙地土壤种子库特征 ,主要结论是 :(1)土壤种子库密度随沙漠化程度的增加而下降 ,不同沙漠化发展阶段下降速率不同 ,从固定到半固定沙地是种子库密度衰减最快的时期 ;(2 )土壤种子库植物种数从固定到半流动沙地变化很小 ,半流动到流动沙地衰减速度明显加快 ,是种子库植物种数衰减最快的时期 ;(3) 4种类型退化沙地土壤种子库的种类组成以 1、2年生草本植物为主 ,所占比例 79%～ 88% ,多年生草本和灌木所占比例很小 ;(4 )土壤种子库物种多样性指数并非随着沙漠化程度的增加而下降 ,其中半流动沙地的物种多样性指数最小 ;(5 ) 4种类型退化沙地土壤种子库组成上的相似性系数变化范围为 0 .82 9～ 1.0 0 0 ,表现出较小的空间异质性。     

Analysis of the association among three viruses infecting hop in Australia

Associations among Hop latent virus (HpLV), Hop mosaic virus (HpMV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) were assessed in five hop cultivars at four commercial hop-growing regions in Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. The presence or absence of each virus was confirmed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Spatial patterns of virus-infected plants were characterized using the Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs ( sadie ) system of pattern analysis. The association among viruses (occurrence and covariation) was assessed using the Jaccard similarity index, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and sadie . The spatial pattern of plants infected by HpLV and HpMV ranged from random to highly aggregated depending upon the cultivar infected and the mean disease incidence. The spatial pattern of plants infected by ApMV was aggregated in six of the seven plots where ApMV was present. A strong positive association between HpLV and HpMV was found in all cultivars at all locations. This association may be the result of the viruses sharing a common aphid vector species, the presence of one virus enhancing the ability of the aphid vector to acquire the other virus either through transencapsidation or influences on virus titre, or mixed infections within source plants. Significant associations, positive or negative, were found less frequently between HpLV and ApMV, and HpMV and ApMV.     

ON STUDY DIGGED FIELD MOVEMENT''S LAW BY EXPERIMENTAL METHOD OF LASER HOLOGRAPHIC MOIRE INTERFERMETRY

The high-precision displacement measuring technology of optic-measuring mechanics is, for the first time,successfully applied on the similar model of the model land-layer with a new-type variable modulus of elasticity. The angle of movement and the distributed displacement of upper and lower rock-layers are measured. The technology is a combination of laser's technology and the modern chemical sticker-it is called the sticking moire interferometry. Compared with the measured values, the result is very satisfactory.     

Reasoning Method Based on Motorcycle Design

According to the needs of setting up a professional system based on motorcycle design,the CBR(case based reasoning) and RBR(rule based reasoning) methods are introduced.After discussing the difference between the two kinds of reasoning,a method of integrating them into the motorcycle design flow is put forward to realize the design reusable technology and improve the design efficiency,by using the CBR in the step of selecting the similar motorcycle and the RBR in project's modification according to correlative rules.     

Weighting Coefficient Optimization Unification of Lexicographic Method in Fuzzy Multi -objective Optimization Design

The Lexicographic method has subjective and empirical character,so a weighting coefficient is introduced by considering the importance and proportion of each individual object,the preferable result of every individual object can be confirmed by comparing the degree of similarity between the perfect one and the ecumenic one and the Fuzzy optimization will be perfect.The effectiveness of these methods is illustrated by a fuzzy optimal design of the three-bar truss.     

跌水坎流体动力性噪声模拟试验研

以流体声学相似原理为依据，对三种跌水坎形式进行噪声模拟试验。利用古典声学理论对背景噪声进行分析与修正，评估降噪的效果，确定跌水坎的修改形式。并对修改方案进行不同比尺的试验，对声强进行曲线拟合，绘制趋势线，推求原型噪声的大小，为工程建设提供参考依据。     

基于结构相似度的关中平原旱情空间分布特征

季节性干旱是影响关中平原农业生产最主要的灾害,研究气候变化背景下的关中平原旱情空间分布特征和变化规律具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。基于关中平原2003—2014年每年3月上旬—5月下旬的旬时间尺度条件植被温度指数(VTCI)的干旱监测结果,采用结构相似度(SSIM)研究关中平原VTCI的空间变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明:关中平原VTCI的空间变化特征具有明显的区域差异性和空间异质性,结构性因素是VTCI空间变化的主要影响因子,总体上受水热、地形分布格局等因素的结构性影响,但微地貌、下垫面覆盖的不同及变化和人为因素导致其主体产生变化。当微地貌、下垫面覆盖类型和人为因素成为主导因子时,结构相似度与其高度相关,对其变化的响应非常敏感。与利用某些指数直接作为干旱的指示因子或构建统计模型分析干旱特征相比,引入研究图像的结构信息的参量SSIM实现了定量、准确、形象地描述干旱的空间分布特征和变化规律。     

贵州省农业产业结构研究

运用产业结构相似系数、产业结构变化系数和描述产业结构稳定性的熵来对贵州省农业产业结构现状进行分析与评价,其研究成果对确定贵州省农业产业结构调整方向和发展贵州省农业农村经济有一定的参考价值。     

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Barley Cultivars Reveals Incongruence Between S-SAP,SNP and Pedigree Data

Accurate assessment of genetic similarity is important for plant breeding, germplasm enhancement and conservation of plant genetic resources. A comparative analysis of genome diversity among a group of six-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars was carried out using sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), with the results compared to the kinship coefficients derived from the pedigree data. Mean pair-wise GS values were estimated to be 0.0957 ± 0.144 (Kinship), 0.491 ± 0.189 (SNPs), and 0.602 ± 0.098 (S-SAPs). S-SAP and SNP-based genetic similarity (GS) values were normally distributed but kinship values had a non-normal and skewed distribution. Pair-wise correlation of GS values were lowest for the S-SAP and the SNP matrices (r =; 0.040, p<0.230) and highest for the SNP and pedigree matrices (r =; 0.240, p < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) attributed about 90.4% of observed variation to the cultivars within each of the malting and feed groups. Variance component between malting and feed groups was 6.6% for both SNP and S-SAP data suggesting lack of a significant genetic differentiation along this agronomic division. The remaining 3% of variation was attributed to genetic diversity within cultivars. Although both DNA-based marker systems were able to differentiate all barley cultivars, significant difference were observed in the pattern of genetic relationships obtained by the two marker systems and the pedigree data.     

南方三省(区)南洋楹气候区划的研究

选择纬度、经度以及16个与水热状况有关的气象因子进行R型主成分分析,用前5个主成分坐标值进行模糊ISODATA聚类分析,将研究区划分为3类;用逐步判别分析建立了各类的判别函数式,回判准确率为91.81%;结合模糊相似优先比的结果,将研究区区划为南洋楹适宜发展区、南洋次适宜发展和南洋楹控制发展区3个气候区.