基于数字水印技术和多媒体内容认证的交易协议

基于数字水印技术和多媒体内容认证技术,提出买卖双方交互协议。该协议可以明确确认交易双方的身份,有效地防止了购买者水印被盗用的可能性,并很容易判定所购得的数字产品是否被篡改。     

基于选择信号分析揭示猪终端父本群体间性状趋同的关键基因

【目的】试验旨在揭示终端父本皮特兰猪与杜洛克猪在人工选择作用下重要经济性状呈现出表型趋同的基因组变化特征。【方法】利用376头皮特兰猪、451头杜洛克猪品系Ⅰ、841头杜洛克猪品系Ⅱ和497头杜洛克猪品系Ⅲ群体的50K SNP芯片数据,以100 kb窗口、50 kb步长计算综合单倍型评分(iHS)和等位基因频率差(△AF),分别取前5%作为猪群体内、群体间的基因组选择信号候选区域;利用bedtools分别对iHS、△AF按照左右200 kb进行合并,每2个群体间合并后的iHS、△AF统计量的重叠区域定义为性状趋同区域,并挖掘该区域与猪重要经济性状相关的平行选择信号。【结果】iHS结果显示,在皮特兰猪和杜洛克猪4个群体内共检测到5 112个选择信号候选区域,总长约487.51 Mb。基于△AF方法,于皮特兰猪和杜洛克猪每2个群体间共检测到9 579个选择信号显著区域,总长约913.50 Mb。基于合并后的iHS和△AF,共检测到52个性状趋同区域,总长约4.67 Mb,注释到88个与猪的繁殖、胴体和肉质等性状相关的平行选择候选基因。【结论】皮特兰猪和杜洛克猪群体间存在性状趋同的基因组选择区域有52个,平行选择信号主要涉及猪的繁殖、胴体及肉质等重要经济性状,这与瘦肉型猪种相同的育种方向相关,这些关键基因的发现可为后续商业猪品种遗传改良提供参考。     

联系于实向量丛一对截面的P o i n c a r é - H o p f型公式

通过符号差Z2-分次将2n维Spin流形上关于复化切丛TMC截面的Poincaré-Hopf型公式推广到2n维非Spin流形上,并对于联系于定向实向量丛的一对截面建立了相应的Poincaré-Hopf型公式.     

引入冗余函数的基于椭圆曲线的消息恢复签名方案

提出了一种新的基于椭圆曲线的消息恢复签名方案,方案中引入了冗余函数,并对其安全性进行了分析,发现该方案能有效防止伪造攻击.同时该方案具有通信成本低、通信速度快、安全性高等特点,适合小型身份认证系统.     

家蚕乳糖酶-根皮苷水解酶基因BmLPH014192的表达和序列选择性剪接分析

乳糖酶-根皮苷水解酶(lactase-phlorizin hydrolase,LPH)是肠组织上皮细胞微绒膜上的一种糖蛋白,对乳糖和根皮苷有水解活性。鉴定了家蚕基因组中的一个LPH基因,命名为BmLPH014192。该基因CDS长1 305 bp,编码434个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子质量为50.8 kD,等电点(pI)为5.35。将该基因的cDNA与家蚕基因组序列比对,显示其具有7个外显子,外显子/内含子边界处均符合GT-AG规则。将BmLPH014192与哺乳动物人、褐鼠、家兔和昆虫黑腹果蝇、冈比亚按蚊、二化螟、佛罗里达弓背蚁、大红斑蝶等的LPH进行氨基酸序列比对,相似度都在60%左右;聚类分析中BmLPH014192与昆虫类LPH聚在一起。芯片数据分析结果表明BmLPH014192在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫的9个组织中,只在中肠中有表达,并且表达量很高。在绿茧品种大造和白茧品种19-710幼虫的中肠中扩增到的特异性条带其长度分别为1 000 bp和750 bp,存在序列选择性剪接;在其它白茧品种的中肠中没有扩增出特异性条带。推测BmLPH014192的特殊表达方式可能与其在不同家蚕品种中肠组织中的特异性功能有关。     

沉积物磁性特征对物源指示作用的探讨

利用快速发展的磁学技术对环境系统中的自然物质和人类活动所产生的次生物质进行物质来源鉴别是当前环境磁学研究的热点和难点。本文在简要介绍了磁学物质鉴别分析原理的基础上,详细阐述了沉积物磁性特征对物质来源的指示作用及其在古环境演变研究和现代环境污染研究中的实际应用,最后指出磁学鉴别物质来源存在的主要问题和努力方向。     

不同根系分泌物对土壤N2O排放及同位素特征值的影响

【目的】探究植物根系分泌的主要组分（有机酸、氨基酸、糖类）对土壤N₂O排放及其微生物过程的影响,为选择适宜的植物进而控制土壤N₂O排放提供支撑。【方法】通过室内试验分别添加草酸、丝氨酸、葡萄糖于土壤中模拟根系的3种主要分泌物,每种分泌物设置两个浓度水平：低浓度（150 μg C·d ^-1）和高浓度（300 μg C·d ^-1）,另设置添加蒸馏水的对照组,共7个处理。将土壤置于120 mL玻璃瓶中进行培养,24 h内采集气体样品7次,每次培养2 h,获取N₂O排放速率、日累积排放量和同位素特征值（δ ¹⁵N ^bulk、δ ¹⁸O和SP（site preference,SP=δ ¹⁵N ^α-δ ¹⁵N ^β））。【结果】添加3种根系分泌物组分后,土壤N₂O排放速率均逐渐升高,且均高于对照。高浓度处理组N₂O累积排放量为：葡萄糖（（3.2±1.3）mg·kg ^-1·d ^-1）处理>丝氨酸（（2.6±0.5）mg·kg ^-1·d ^-1）处理>草酸（（1.4±0.2）mg·kg ^-1·d ^-1）处理,低浓度处理组为：草酸（（2.7±1.3）mg·kg ^-1·d ^-1）处理>丝氨酸（（1.8±0.4）mg·kg ^-1·d ^-1）处理>葡萄糖（（1.6±0.8）mg·kg ^-1·d ^-1）处理;添加根系分泌物的不同处理间土壤N₂O的δ ¹⁸O值无明显差异,并稳定在24.1‰—25.6‰,且均显著高于对照（（20.1±1.5）‰）;土壤N₂O的δ ¹⁵N ^bulk值与添加根系分泌物的种类有关,其中草酸处理组为（-20.06±2.22）‰、丝氨酸处理组为（-22.33±1.10）‰、葡萄糖处理组为（-13.86±1.11）‰、对照组为（-23.14±3.72）‰。各处理土壤N₂O的SP值的变化范围为13.13‰—15.03‰,根系分泌物浓度越高,SP值越低。综合分析不同处理4个指标（N₂O排放速率、N₂O的δ ¹⁵N ^bulk、δ ¹⁸O和SP值）的不同时刻的检测值与日均值的校正系数,添加根系分泌物后第16小时各处理4个指标的校正系数最接近于1。【结论】在NH+ 4-300 mg N·kg ^-1的土壤环境下根系分泌物促进N₂O的排放,且在培养期间（24 h）土壤N₂O排放速率逐渐升高。高浓度处理组葡萄糖对土壤N₂O排放速率促进效果最强,低浓度处理组草酸对土壤N₂O排放速率促进效果最强。与对照组相比,根系分泌物的添加使N₂O的δ ¹⁸O值显著升高;与对照组相比,葡萄糖的添加使δ ¹⁵N ^bulk值显著升高。根系分泌物浓度越高,反硝化作用对N₂O的贡献越大。     

Automated identification of sugar beet diseases using smartphones

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) poses a high economic risk to sugar beet production due to its potential to greatly reduce yield and quality. For successful integrated management of CLS, rapid and accurate identification of the disease is essential. Diagnosis on the basis of typical visual symptoms is often compromised by the inability to differentiate CLS symptoms from similar symptoms caused by other foliar pathogens of varying significance, or from abiotic stress. An automated detection and classification of CLS and other leaf diseases, enabling a reliable basis for decisions in disease control, would be an alternative to visual as well as molecular and serological methods. This paper presents an algorithm based on a RGB‐image database captured with smartphone cameras for the identification of sugar beet leaf diseases. This tool combines image acquisition and segmentation on the smartphone and advanced image data processing on a server, based on texture features using colour, intensity and gradient values. The diseases are classified using a support vector machine with radial basis function kernel. The algorithm is suitable for binary‐class and multi‐class classification approaches, i.e. the separation between diseased and non‐diseased, and the differentiation among leaf diseases and non‐infected tissue. The classification accuracy for the differentiation of CLS, ramularia leaf spot, phoma leaf spot, beet rust and bacterial blight was 82%, better than that of sugar beet experts classifying diseases from images. However, the technology has not been tested by practitioners. This tool can be adapted to other crops and their diseases and may contribute to improved decision‐making in integrated disease control.     

Overstory-specific effects of litter fall on the microbial carbon turnover in a mature deciduous forest

Mature deciduous forests can serve as important carbon (C) sinks, but the C storage differs significantly in dependency on the tree species. To specify the significance of overstory-specific effects of litter fall on the soil microbial C turnover, we have investigated the ¹³C isotopic signature of microbial biomarker phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Samples were taken under pure Fagus sylvatica and mixed overstory (F. sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior or F. excelsior, Acer spp. and F. sylvatica) in a mature temperate deciduous forest in Central Germany 4 weeks prior to and 3 weeks after litter fall. Accordingly, the CO₂ emission from soil was measured before, during and after the litter fall to investigate the response of decomposition. At all sites and at both sampling dates the fungal biomarker PLFA 18:2ω6,9 had predominantly lower δ¹³C values (from −32 to −43‰) than the bacterial biomarker PLFAs (δ¹³C values from −23 to −39‰). This difference indicated that fungi generally used preferentially plant derived C, whereas the bacterial populations include groups which used SOM derived C, independent on the overstory trees. Under pure F. sylvatica overstory the δ¹³C values of microbial biomarker PLFAs were slightly decreased (up to 2‰ for 17:0br) or unchanged after litter fall. By contrast, under both variants of mixed overstory the δ¹³C values of biomarker PLFAs of fungi (18:2ω6,9) were increased after litter fall (+3.5 and +3.8‰). This might be explained partly by a faster initial decomposition of foliar litter from mixed overstory already during litter fall as confirmed by higher CO₂ emission under mixed F. excelsior, Acer spp. and F. sylvatica than under pure F. sylvatica in this period. However, the involved microbial populations differed overstory-specific. Bacterial biomarker PLFAs with strongest overstory-specific differences in the response on litter fall were 17:0br (Gram-positive bacteria), 18:1 and 19:0cy (Gram-negative bacteria). The present results indicate that a tree species conversion even exclusively between deciduous tree species might alter the soil microbial C turnover during litter decomposition and suggest that it would in the long-term change the SOM stability and C storage.     

损伤对板结构振型影响的研究

分析了板结构的局部损伤对结构的低阶以及高阶振型的影响。假设损伤后的低阶振型为原振型乘以修正函数,采用附加刚度描述结构局部刚度的下降,从连续振动方程推导修正函数的形式,并对修正函数进行分析。分析结果表明,板结构的一阶振型具有更好的损伤定位性能,适合应用于构造损伤标识量。