鹦鹉常见细菌病的病原菌分离与鉴定

鹦鹉饲养过程中常见的细菌病主要包括大肠杆菌病、传染性鼻炎、禽霍乱、传染性眼炎等。通过对鹦鹉常见疫病的病原菌进行分离鉴定,探讨了鹦鹉常见细菌病的主要致病菌的类型以及行之有效的防治方案。试验结果表明,引起鹦鹉常见细菌病的主要致病菌有大肠杆菌、鸡副嗜血杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和耐药性链球菌。     

Effects of preadoption counseling on the prevention of separation anxiety in newly adopted shelter dogs

Separation anxiety is one of the more prevalent and difficult to treat behavior problems in dogs. The associated behaviors can be undesirable to dog owners and damage the human animal bond, leading to relinquishment or return to an animal shelter. Due to the high prevalence of separation related problems in recently adopted shelter dogs, shelter staff hold a critical role in advising and educating owners on how to prevent separation anxiety post-adoption. The aim of this study was to propose a form of that preventive counseling as a means of preventing the development of separation anxiety in recently adopted shelter dogs. The efficacy of preadoption counseling in the education and prevention of separation anxiety problems was tested in a prospective, randomized, parallel-group study. Participants included 133 new owners of dogs 6 months of age and older. At the time of adoption, sixty-six of these owners were randomly selected to receive five minutes of counseling on the prevention of separation anxiety, while the remaining sixty-seven owners served as the controls. A follow-up survey regarding the signs associated with separation anxiety and other potentially related behaviors was conducted one month post adoption. Results showed that 19 owners reported their dogs as having separation anxiety. There was no significant effect of adoption counseling on the prevention of separation anxiety. Owners in both groups were equally as likely to perform most of the recommendations given during counseling. Dogs that were reported to have separation anxiety were significantly more likely than dogs without reported separation anxiety to show nervous or panicked behavior as the owner prepared to leave (P = 0.0001) and were more likely to be reported as being “needy” (P = 0.031). Having another dog in the home was not protective against the development of separation anxiety. Owners in the counseling group were more likely than those in the control group to put food inside a toy at the time of leaving the dog home alone (P = 0.0001), suggesting the counseling recommendations were indeed followed by the owners. Owner compliance supports the idea that counseling is a useful tool for owners. Separation anxiety is a disorder whose course may be difficult to alter in recently adopted shelter dogs using only basic, interventional information. Brief counseling and a toy do not effectively prevent the occurrence of this complex behavioral condition. Further investigation should be done to find more specific, effective prevention tools for owners to use in the home to minimize the development of separation anxiety and shelter should be prepared to provide interventional resources to owners whose dogs develop separation anxiety despite these efforts.     

Use of clomipramine in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs: a preliminary, clinical study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of a treatment protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs. DESIGN: A study was undertaken to assess clinical responses in 24 dogs diagnosed with one or more of three behavioural disorders stated above to a treatment regimen that included clomipramine and behaviour modification. PROCEDURE: A detailed behavioural and clinical history was obtained for each dog. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was diagnosed in nine cases: primary presenting complaints were tail-chasing, shadow-chasing, circling and chewing; one case was diagnosed with concurrent separation anxiety. Separation anxiety was diagnosed in 14 cases: presenting complaints included destruction, vocalisation and escaping in the absence of the owner; four cases also exhibited noise phobia. The study also included one dog diagnosed with noise phobia only and another with inappropriate fear responses. Clomipramine was administered orally twice daily. The starting dose was 1 to 2 mg/kg bodyweight. The dose was increased incrementally to a maximum of 4 mg/kg if needed. A behaviour modification program was designed and the owner instructed on its implementation. Dogs continued medication for at least 1 month after clinical signs disappeared or were acceptably reduced, then withdrawal of medication was attempted by decreasing drug dosage at weekly intervals while behaviour modification continued. RESULTS: The presenting clinical sign was largely improved or disappeared in 16 dogs, 5 demonstrated slight to moderate improvement and the behaviour was unchanged in 3. Clomipramine withdrawal was attempted in nine cases: this was successful in five. CONCLUSION: Clomipramine was effective and well-tolerated in controlling signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or separation anxiety and/or noise phobia in 16 of 24 assessable cases, when used in combination with behaviour modification, and improvement in clinical signs was noted in 5 others.     

云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞生物学特性分析

为研究云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞（hair follicle stem cells,HFSCs）的生物学特性,采用组织块法分离培养云南半细毛羊HFSCs,并对其细胞形态、生长动力学、冷冻与复苏、染色体核型等生物学特性进行分析.结果表明：HFSCs为贴壁生长,体积小,核质比高,呈典型的铺路石状,在显微镜下折光性强、胞体透亮.细胞生长曲线为“S”型.冻存前细胞活率98.2％,复苏后细胞活率96.4％.染色体中正常二倍体数目2n=54,其中,长染色体中有3对为中着丝点染色体,23对为端着丝点染色体,X染色体为最大的近端着丝点染色体,Y染色体为最小的亚中着丝点染色体.所得细胞呈现典型的HFSCs特征,细胞活性好,细胞系为稳定的二倍体细胞系.     

毛囊干细胞的分离方法及其应用

毛囊干细胞是皮肤组织工程理想的种子细胞,分离纯化是其研究的基础手段。毛囊干细胞能分化成毛囊、皮脂腺、表皮,在组织维持与更新及某些临床疾病的治疗中均起到重要的作用。作者介绍了近年来毛囊干细胞几种常用的分离纯化方法,包括组织块法和酶消化法等,为进一步研究毛囊干细胞的特性和应用提供参考。     

东方田鼠组织与血清中抗日本血吸虫相关蛋白的分离与筛选

本试验以兔、牛、人及感染日本血吸虫后小鼠血清蛋白为对照,分别提取东方田鼠和小鼠的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、肌肉、皮肤、骨髓和脑组织蛋白,进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,综合比较和筛选东方田鼠组织及血清中潜在的抗日本血吸虫相关蛋白组分。结果表明,随着感染日龄的增加,小鼠在感染日本血吸虫后12和45 d,其血清中85 ku附近蛋白质条带较东方田鼠表达量明显上调,且有继续升高的趋势;东方田鼠肝脏及血清中150 ku组分蛋白电泳条带与其他动物相同组织中相应蛋白质在表达量存在显著差异,蛋白质表达丰度高,该蛋白质组分可能与东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫作用相关。     

The Influence of a Particle Separation Technology on the Generation of Airborne Particles from Different Roughages and Bedding Materials Used for Horses

Four different types of bedding materials (wheat straw, wood shavings, hemp shives, flax shives) and two roughages (hay, haylage) were treated using an air-driven particle separation technology. The airborne particle and mold generation of both treated and untreated samples were then analyzed under standardized laboratory conditions. In addition, samples of all the treated materials were stored for 8 weeks either in a pressed or incoherent form and then analyzed again for their ability to generate airborne particles. The airborne particle concentrations were detected online with the gravimetrically measuring analyzer tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) 1400a that was equipped successively with different inlets to measure the particle fractions PM₂₀, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0 (PM = Particulate matter). The particle separation resulted in a reduction in the airborne particle (PM₂₀) generation in all materials: hay 49.16 to 22.79 mg/m³ (53.6%), haylage 28.57 to 25.04 mg/m³ (12.3%), wood shavings 141.68 to 15.04 mg/m³ (89.4%), wheat straw 143.08 to 22.97 mg/m³ (83.9%), flax 135.11 to 53.31 mg/m³ (60.5%), and hemp 63.67 to 17.64 mg/m³ (72.3%). The 8-week storage of the treated materials as compressed materials led to a renewed significant increase in the airborne particle (PM₁₀) concentration in the haylage (+29.9%), wheat straw (+104.0%), wood shavings (+40.4%), and hemp shives (+30.7%). Storage of the incoherent materials caused a significant increase in these particles only in the wheat straw (+44.2%). The separation treatment reduced the mold production by 92.4% in the wood shavings, 88.0% in the wheat straw, and 85.8% in the hay.     

半干旱草原主要植物光能和水分利用特征的研究

在植物生长季内测定了内蒙古半干旱草原6种主要植物的光合和水分利用特征，比较了植物之间在光能和水分利用方面的差异，认为水分利用效率难以反应植物对干旱的适应性，而其倒数－水分竞争系数是较好的表征指标；植物的光能利用效率和水分竞争系数之间存在补偿关系；半干旱草原主要植物适应环境的方式不同，它们在光能和水分资源生态位上存在分离。     

Development and Application of a GeXP-multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Seven Foodborne Pathogenic Bacterias

This experiment was developed to simultaneously detect the seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias include E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, V. cholera, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni, V. Parahemolyticus and S. aureus. Seven pairs of specific primers were designed according to the conserved sequences of the genes from each pathogen available in the GenBank database. Single and mixed pathogen DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. Control group was set up, recombinant plasmids were constructed, and samples of different DNA concentrations were randomly combined to verify the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and anti-interference of the established GeXP method. To certify the accuracy and reliability of the GeXP assay, it was evaluated using 120 clinical specimens that were compared with the single PCR. The obtained results showed that the corresponding specific fragments of genes were amplified by the single and the multiplex GeXP PCR assay. The detection limit of GeXP was 10³ copies·μL^-1 when all of seven bacterial pathogens were detected. The results of the interference assay showed the presence of specific amplification peaks when different templates. The detection rate of the GeXP multiplex PCR method was 2.50% (3/120)-15.83% (19/120) while the conventional PCR was 2.50% (3/120)-15.00% (18/120), and GeXP multiple PCR detected 8 more positive cases, which means that, the GeXP was more sensitive and accurate in the detection of the clinical samples. In conclusion, this GeXP-based multiplex PCR is a high-throughput, specific and sensitive test to detect seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias. This assay provides a method in rapid molecular diagnosis for mix clinical seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias.     

A comparative analysis of the acoustic structure of separation calls of Mongolian wild horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) and domestic horses (Equus caballus)

In equines, calls given by foals or mothers when they are seeking contact with each other or by stallions seeking contact with other group members could be classified as affiliative or separation calls when a reunion follows the vocalizations. To investigate how domestication can affect the characteristics of vocalizations produced by equines, separation calls produced by Przewalski's (Przw) horses and Mongolian domestic horses (MDH) living in the same habitat were recorded, spectrally analyzed, and compared. Species-specific acoustic differences were found in the separation vocalizations of mares and foals. In particular, the second and third formants of the calls emitted by Przw mothers were significantly higher in frequency than those emitted by Mongolian domestic mothers, whereas the same acoustical variables were significantly lower in Przw foals than Mongolian domestic foals. Second and third formants have a significant effect on discriminating separation calls emitted by mares and foals from these different equine species. With the exception of the duration of the call, no significant species-specific differences in acoustic parameters were observed in separation calls emitted by stallions. Bioacoustic analysis can discriminate 2 different species that can be affected by their environment, evolution, and social organization.