3种沙漠植物地上部分形结构与生物量的自相似性

应用自相似原理,分别研究极干旱地区塔克拉玛干腹地和吐鲁番盆地地下水浇灌区柽柳、梭梭和沙拐枣植株的地上分形结构与各自地上部生物量的关系.通过分析3种植物的枝长、冠幅和体积与地上部生物量之间的统计自相似性,发现在统计拟合精度上自相似模型不如BP神经网络模型,但分析植株生长的地域性差异时,缺少像分形维数这样的定量化描述.     

Study and Implementation of Traffic Generator in IP Network

According to the simulation results, the factors causing the forming of self-similarity in IP network is presented. Through analysis based on ON/OFF model, we show the influence of traffic source integration level on self-similarity degree. Using the above results, an IP network traffic generator is implemented. Tests in real environment show that the generator can better reflect the relationship of file sizes, protocol types, ON/OFF residence time, traffic source integration levels and self-similarity degrees.     

草原地裂缝分布的分形特征研究

研究草原地裂缝分布结构的分形特征 ,揭示地裂缝对草原的扰动生态学作用。运用分形理论 ,计算草原地裂缝分布的分形维数。结果得出草原地裂缝是一种分形体 ,它的分布结构具有自相似性。运用计盒维数方法揭示了地裂缝的空间分布特征 ,所得计盒维数值在 1.0 2— 1.30之间。在分形维数较高的区域 ,地裂缝的平均宽度、总长度、总开裂面积均比分形维数低的区域高 ,植株的平均高度、密度、生物量比分形维数低的区域低 ,土壤<0 .0 0 1mm的粘粒含量较高。因此 ,维数值是地裂缝对空间占据程度的有效表征 ,维数值越大 ,表明其结构越复杂 ,对空间的占据程度越大 ,相应地对植被及土壤的扰动作用也越大。     

Scaling properties in landscape patterns: New Zealand experience

In this paper we present a case study of spatial structure in landscape patterns for the North and South Islands of New Zealand. The aim was to characterise quantitatively landscape heterogeneity and investigate its possible scaling properties. The study examines spatial heterogeneity, in particular patchiness, at a range of spatial scales, to help build understanding on the effects of landscape heterogeneity on water movement in particular, and landscape ecology in general.We used spatial information on various landscape properties (soils, hydrogeology, vegetation, topography) generated from the New Zealand Land Resource Inventory. To analyse this data set we applied various methods of fractal analyses following the hypothesis that patchiness in selected landscape properties demonstrates fractal scaling behaviour at two structural levels: (1) individual patches; and (2) mosaics (sets) of patches.Individual patches revealed scaling behaviour for both patch shape and boundary. We found self-affinity in patch shape with Hurst exponent H from 0.75 to 0.95. We also showed that patch boundaries in most cases were self-similar and in a few cases of large patches were self-affine. The degree of self-affinity was lower for finer patches. Similarly, when patch scale decreases the orientation of patches tends to be uniformly distributed, though patch orientation on average is clearly correlated with broad scale geological structures. These results reflect a tendency to isotropic behaviour of individual patches from broad to finer scales. Mosaics of patches also revealed fractal scaling in the total patch boundaries, patch centers of mass, and in patch area distribution. All these reflect a special organisation in patchiness represented in fractal patch clustering. General relationships which interconnect fractal scaling exponents were derived and tested. These relationships show how scaling properties of individual patches affect those for mosaics of patches and vice-versa. To explain similarity in scaling behaviour in patchiness of different types we suggest that the Self-Organised Criticality concept should be used. Also, potential applications of our results in landscape ecology are discussed, especially in relation to improved neutral landscape models.     

底坎式机翼形量水槽试验研究

机翼形量水槽是一种新型的量水建筑物,为保证量水槽在自由流下工作,设计了底坎式机翼形量水槽。选择3种收缩比,在矩形渠道上进行一系列试验,并运用量纲分析法和不完全自相似理论,拟合得到了量水槽自由流条件下的流量计算公式,拟合度R2=0.9993。结果表明:该公式测流误差小,平均相对误差为1.44%;临界淹没度可达0.88。     

基于测量的自相似接纳控制算法研究

传统的接纳控制算法中,基于参数的接纳控制提供严格的QoS保证但带宽利用率和接纳率低,基于测量的接纳控制具有较好的动态特征和适应性但对模型有较严格的要求,并且未考虑网络流量的自相似特性.本文根据网络流量自相似特性,将基于参数的接纳控制与基于测量的接纳控制方法相结合,提出了基于测量的自相似接纳控制算法和基于自相似测量的自适应接纳控制算法.仿真结果表明,该算法能够提高自相似网络流量环境下的接纳率和平均带宽利用率.