Dynamics of the Cumulation of Macroelements – Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium During Development to Maturity of Soybean Seed

Dynamics of the cumulation of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in developing seed of four soybean genotypes under the defined climatic conditions in the course of three years was observed. Samples were being taken at weekly intervals from the point at which the grain reached a size suitable to be analyzed up to the full maturity of the seed. By analyzing the results it was found out that the intense cumulation of the minerals tested took place during the stages III and IV of the seed development, that is, in the course of intense cumulation of dry matter and the most expressive metabolic activity in the seed. Investigation of the impact of climatic conditions provides evidence that cumulation of the tested macroelements has been favourably influenced by increased precipitation along with moderate air temperatures within the seed developing period. The highest content of the minerals found with the cultivar Maksimirka independently of the year investigated reveals that mineral cumulation in soybean seed is affected by the cultivar and genetic particularity.     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

人工樟子松母树林经营管理技术

培育人工樟子松母树林,要精选母树,进行疏伐,加强修枝、截顶、病虫害防治等一系列管理,促进母树生长和提高结实量.     

剩余污泥腐植酸的提取和对作物幼苗建成的影响

为解决IHSS （国际腐植酸协会）推荐法提取剩余污泥腐植酸参数不明确和剩余污泥腐植酸提取研究中缺乏其毒性效应评价等问题,利用响应曲面法得到剩余污泥腐植酸提取的最佳条件,并分析了腐植酸理化特性及其对作物幼苗建成的影响。结果表明,腐植酸提取的最佳条件：碱浓度为0.19 mol·L^-1,碱泥比（mL∶g）为11.6,振荡时间为3.8 h,提取量为96.1 mg·g^-1。相较于推荐法的腐植酸提取量增加了118%。提取所得腐植酸的元素分析显示,O/C为0.84,H/C为0.14,C/N为4.43;傅里叶变换红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱分析显示,剩余污泥腐植酸存在羧基、醇羟基和酚羟基等含氧官能团,重均分子量为8 856 Da。此外,在500 mg·L^-1施用条件下,该腐植酸对大白菜和萝卜种子发芽率和子叶光合色素含量均无显著影响,而对大白菜种子胚根伸长具有显著促进作用。综上,通过优化提取条件可显著提高腐植酸提取量,剩余污泥腐植酸腐殖化程度与芳香化程度均较高,分子量较小,生物活性较强,且低浓度下对作物早期生长无不良影响。     

种子子指对棉株下部外围"铃-叶系统"生长及生理特征的影响

以转Bt基因抗虫棉33B为材料,播前根据种子的大小和饱满度状况设三个子指处理,观测了棉花下部果枝外围果节铃及其对位叶的生长和生理特征。结果显示,大粒饱满的种子处理显著提高了该部位开花当天铃对位叶叶面积,还明显地促进了源叶生理质量的改善,且成熟时单铃子棉的干物重得到明显增加。小粒饱满比大粒不饱满的种子更明显地影响了该部位“铃-叶系统”的生长和生理状况,显著降低了成熟时的单铃子棉干物重。     

NaHS引发提高裸燕麦种子活力的生理机制

硫化氢(H2S)信号在作物种子萌发中发挥着重要作用.为探讨外源H2S供体NaHS引发提高作物种子活力的作用及其生理机制,以裸燕麦种子为材料,分别用不同浓度NaHS(0、50、100、200、400、800、1600μmol·L-1)引发18 h和800μmol·L-1 NaHS引发不同时间(6、9、12、15、18、2...     

紫苏子油纳米乳的制备及其对小鼠急性高血脂症的影响

通过绘制伪三元相图优选处方,采用滴定法制备紫苏子油纳米乳,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光粒度测定仪分别考察其形态和粒径,通过恒温加速试验考察其稳定性,并研究其对急性小鼠高血脂症的影响。结果显示,以小麦胚芽油为油相,聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(RH40)为表面活性剂制备的紫苏子油纳米乳外观澄明,有淡蓝色乳光;电镜下呈圆球形,平均粒径为58 nm,高速离心、高温下无絮凝或药物析出。与紫苏子油软胶囊对抗急性小鼠高血脂症的药效比较,紫苏子油纳米乳有更强的抗高血脂功效。结果表明,制备的紫苏子油纳米乳是一种质量稳定、高效的抗高血脂乳剂。     

Factors influencing seed reserve utilization during seedling establishment in maize inbred lines

Strong seedlings are essential for high yield. To explore the foundation of strong seedlings, we investigated various factors influencing the conversion and distribution of seed storage reserves during seedling establishment in maize inbred lines. Three maize inbred lines were used to explore the effects of seed size, seed vigor, illumination duration, temperature, water content, and salt concentration of the seedling medium on the utilization of seed storage reserves during seedling establishme...     

甘蓝型油菜减氮增效潜力评价及种质资源筛选

为培育具有高潜力的减肥增效油菜品种,以不同甘蓝型油菜种质资源为材料,通过两年三点的田间肥效试验,研究了它们对氮肥的响应特征及节氮增产潜力.以产量平均值为分界线将供试材料划分为4种类型:低氮高效型、双高效型、双低效型和高氮高效型.在高氮条件下,双高效型和高氮高效型材料具有16.96％～36.50％的节氮潜力和21.57％...     

硝基苯胁迫对豆类种子萌发及幼苗生长影响的研究

通过生物测定的方法研究了硝基苯对豆类种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:硝基苯浓度为1mg·kg-1时,对豆类作物出苗率影响不大;当硝基苯浓度高于5mg·kg-1时,在绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆播后的2～5d,对其出苗率抑制明显;播种4d后,硝基苯浓度为40mg·kg-1,绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆的出苗率与对照相比分别相差38.10%、40.95%、48.17%,但是5d后,处理与对照出苗率差距逐渐减少。硝基苯抑制绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆株高、根长、地上部分鲜重及根鲜重,并且随着硝基苯浓度的增大而增大。在硝基苯胁迫下,豆类作物根部畸形生长,须根数增多。3种豆类对硝基苯的敏感性顺序为小粒大豆>红豆>绿豆,硝基苯对豆类的影响顺序为地下部分>地上部分。