Sectioned pelvic fin ray ageing of muskellunge Esox masquinongy from a Virginia river: comparisons among readers, with cleithrum estimates, and with tag–recapture growth data

Abstract  The potential utility of pelvic fin rays as ageing structures was evaluated for southern US muskellunge Esox masquinongy Mitchill populations by comparing age estimates among three readers and against cleithrum estimates, and by comparing observed length changes of tagged fish with changes predicted from growth equations based on pelvic fin ray age estimates. Mean coefficient of variation in age estimates among all readers and between the two readers with prior ageing experience was 17.8% and 5.6%, respectively. Exact and within 1-year agreement rates between pelvic fin rays and cleithra were 76% and 100%, respectively. Mean (± 2 SE) estimated absolute error between observed and predicted length changes for 13 tagged muskellunge was 30 ± 14 mm. This evaluation indicated that pelvic fin rays may prove to be a useful, non-lethal method for ageing muskellunge in southern US waters. Validation studies are still needed to ensure that growth rings form consistently throughout fish's life span.     

THE EFFECTS OF PATIENT POSITIONING AND SLICE SELECTION ON CANINE ACETABULAR ANGLE ASSESSMENT WITH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Acetabular angles (AAs) and dorsal acetabular rim angles acquired by computed tomographic (CT) imaging have been used to assess patient response to juvenile pubic symphysiodesis surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of patient positioning and slice selection on these angles, and an attempt was made to devise a repeatable method of measuring these angles that would eliminate positioning effects. We found significant variation in AAs with small differences in pelvic tilt and slice selection. Dorsal acetabular rim angles were not affected. As a result of positioning differences from one CT study to the next, every attempt should be made to standardize pelvic tilt, or eliminate its effect on AAs by standardizing gantry angle in relation to an anatomic landmark that will not change over time. The floor of the sacral vertebral canal may be a reasonable landmark for this purpose and deserves further study.     

Categorization of the pelvic limb standing posture in nine breeds of dogs

The objective of the study was to categorize objectively nine breeds of healthy dogs according to pelvic limb standing posture. A total of 135 dogs from different breeds were used and the standing angles of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints, together with the percentages of the greater trochanter, patella and tuber calcanei heights, with respect to crista iliaca height, were used as discriminant variables for the categorization of pelvic limb posture. All included breeds were allocated to three groups of the standing pelvic limb posture. The best discriminant variables between the three groups were the percentage of patellar height, and the standing angles of the stifle and tarsal joints. German shepherds, Anatolian shepherds, golden retrievers, Rottweilers, Belgian Malinois and Dobermann pinschers were well separated between 89% and 100% success rate for the categorization. The minimal success rate was determined in Berner sennenhunds as the ratio of 75%. It was also determined that Dobermann pinschers had the straightest pelvic limbs, while German shepherds had the most angulated pelvic limbs. Further studies are required to document the impact of postural differences in active and passive structure diseases of the locomotor system of the pelvic limb among dog breeds.     

双峰驼后肢骨骼解剖

对5具双峰驼后肢骨骼进行了形态学观察,并与单峰驼、马、牛的后肢骨骼做了比较,发现双峰驼后肢骨骼的特征如下:髋结节薄而窄小,荐结节厚而宽大;坐骨结节粗大,坐骨弓呈深“V”字形;转子窝很深,约3.5cm,无第三转子;膝盖骨呈上下行的椭圆球形;胫骨很发达,其骨干的外侧部较内侧部锐利;腓骨退化,近端只残留一痕迹,远端退化成胫骨远端外侧部下伸的踝突,无骨干;跗骨有6块排成3列。后肢其余的脚骨(跖骨、近趾节骨、中趾节骨和籽骨)较前肢相应的脚骨细、长,亦无远籽骨。     

Clinical findings associated with chronic ischial fracture in a gelding

An 8-year-old show-jumper gelding was referred for examination as a result of a purchase dispute for reported back pain. Clinical examination identified back pain and atrophy of the left semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles, but no lameness. Standing pelvic radiography demonstrated a chronic nonunion fracture of the left ischium, the clinical significance of which was uncertain. The apparent back pain was thought to be probably unrelated to the pelvic lesion. We conclude that chronic ischial fracture in the horse can lead to specific atrophy of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles, which originate from this bone.     

1例全骨盆以下离断伤消化道重建术后患者的远期效果评估

目的评价1例全骨盆以下离断伤消化道重建术患者远期生活质量。方法 1例全骨盆以下离断伤患者行消化道重建术,术中保留右半结肠,行横结肠造瘘建立人工肛门。术后1、2、3个月及1、2、3、5、9 a记录14项消化道重建术后随访内容,采用3级评分标准。结果患者住院616 d,借助下肢康复材料生活基本自理。术后6个月时饮食类型、饮食量、进食时间、饭后腹胀、烧心感、失眠、体质量减轻、吞咽困难、呕吐和头晕项均达3分,术后2 a起患者消化道重建术后随访内容的评分为42分,达正常成人水平。结论全骨盆离断伤后消化道重建可为患者的长期生存提供保障。     

直肠癌经腹会阴联合切除术后腹部腹膜外盆腔引流的应用

目的：探讨直肠癌经腹会阴联合切除后不同盆腔引流方式的应用效果。方法：对298例直肠癌经腹会阴联合切除后采用经腹部腹膜外(经腹部组)或经会阴(经会阴组)的两种不同的盆腔引流方式进行比较。结果：经腹部组的会阴部伤口一期愈合率高，感染率低，住院时间短；两组引流时间无明显差异。结论：经腹部腹膜外盆腔引流方式有更好的引流效果。     

EQUINE RENAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY: NORMAL AND ABNORMAL

The kidneys of three clinically normal horses were evaluated ultrasonographically, utilizing a standardized approach. The normal renal architecture, including cortex, medulla, pyramids, renal sinus fat, collecting system, and intrarenal vessels, was evaluated.
A horse with hematuria was examined in the same manner and a mass was found in the right renal pelvis.
Ultrasonographic determinations were correlated with gross anatomy, clinical signs, and pathologic findings of a renal pelvic adenoma.     

Increased sacral screw purchase minimizes screw loosening in canine triple pelvic osteotomy

OBJECTIVE: To determine if screw loosening in triple pelvic osteotomies (TPO) is minimized when screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy had maximal sacral purchase. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: Forty-six dogs with decreased acetabular coverage of the femoral head and minimal degenerative joint changes. METHODS: TPOs were performed where screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy were inserted to maximally engage sacral bone. Data collected were: use of ilial and ischial cerclage wire, screw length, ventrodorsal radiographic sacral width (most caudal aspect), pelvic canal diameter, and sacral penetration of the 3 cranial screws. On all subsequent radiographs, changes in screw position, pelvic canal diameter, and sacral purchase were noted. RESULTS: For 69 TPOs, 414 screws were used. Mean radiographic cranial screw length was 34.54 mm. Combined sacral depth of all 3 screws was 93.3% of sacral width. All osteotomies healed uneventfully. Twenty-four screws (6%) loosened with 12 being in the most cranial positions. Use of ischial or ilial cerclage wires did not statistically influence screw loosening. Pelvic diameter decreased by a mean of 7.79% from postoperative radiographs to the last radiographic recheck. CONCLUSIONS: By sufficiently engaging the sacrum with screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy, implant failures can be avoided and screw loosening minimized when a 6-hole TPO plate is used. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To minimize screw-loosening in TPO, screws inserted cranial to the ilial osteotomy should be inserted to maximum sacral depth without penetrating the vertebral canal.     

Alopecia and dermatopathy of the lower back following pelvic fractures in three cats

Abstract   An alopecia and dermatopathy following pelvic fractures associated with vehicular trauma is reported in three cats. The animals presented 3–4 weeks post injury with acute hair loss, glistening appearance of the skin and erosions involving the lower back. Histological examination revealed atrophy of the hair follicles and adnexal structures and follicular telogenization, dermal fibroplasia and mild lymphocytic infiltrate, fibroplasia and inflammation in the panniculus. Vascular damage secondary to the external trauma to blood vessels supplying the skin over the lumbar region and subsequent ischaemia may represent the pathomechanism of this type of alopecia. Focal permanent hair loss can be expected.