Climatic oscillations and tuna catch rates in the Indian Ocean: a wavelet approach to time series analysis

We analysed the influence of climatic oscillations [based on the Indian Oscillation Index (IOI)] on monthly catch rates of two tropical tuna species in the equatorial Indian Ocean. We carried out wavelet analysis, an efficient method of time series analysis to study non‐stationary data. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) of bigeye tuna was computed from Japanese longline statistics from 1955 to 2002 in the equatorial Indian Ocean and CPUE of yellowfin tuna was derived from industrial purse seine statistics from 1984 to 2003 in the Western Indian Ocean. Wavelet analyses allowed us to quantify both the pattern of variability in the time series and non‐stationary associations between tuna and climatic signals. Phase analyses were carried out to investigate dependency between the two signals. We reported strong associations between tuna and climate series for the 4‐ and 5‐yr periodic modes, i.e. the periodic band of the El Niño Southern Oscillation signal propagation in the Indian Ocean. These associations were non‐stationary, evidenced from 1970 to 1990 for bigeye, and from 1984 to 1991 and then from 1993 to 2001 for yellowfin. Warm episodes (low negative IOI values) matched increases of longline catch rates of bigeye during the 1970–1990 time frame, whereas the strong 1997–1998 warm event matched a decrease of purse seine catch rates of yellowfin. We discussed these results in terms of changes in catchability for purse seine and longline.     

混合变元中立型微分方程的解的振动准则：献给李森林教授八十寿辰

本文得到了两类混合变元中立型微分方程的解的某些新的振动准则,大大改进了〔[5,7-9〕的结果.并推出了变系数的混合中立型方程.     

可调导叶式轴流泵压力脉动数值分析

轴流泵叶轮内部的压力脉动是影响其运行稳定性和叶片疲劳破坏的重要因素之一,为了研究压力脉动的特征和根源,探索压力脉动的水力优化方法,应用CFD方法模拟轴流泵内部非定常流动,在模型试验结果验证的基础上,计算了叶轮叶片和导叶表面的压力脉动,采用快速傅里叶变换进行信号处理和分析比较。研究结果表明:叶轮叶片表面压力脉动的主频是导叶通过频率,导叶表面压力脉动的主频是叶片通过频率;在小流量工况下,通过调节导叶角度可以显著降低叶轮叶片和导叶表面因动静干涉引起的压力脉动,从而降低疲劳破坏的风险。     

钙振荡在哺乳动物卵母细胞受精过程中的作用

哺乳动物的精子和卵母细胞由减数分裂产生,其遗传物质减半,功能高度特化。精卵结合后,染色体数恢复,获得发育的全能性,重启有丝分裂,开始个体的生长。受精时,精子引起卵母细胞内的钙离子（Ca²⁺）以一定的频率波动,称为钙振荡。Ca²⁺周期性的变化,驱动下游蛋白的活动,完成卵母细胞的激活。作者主要介绍了受精时钙振荡启动的机制,以及其持续时间、振幅、频率对哺乳动物卵母细胞正常受精的影响;同时,讨论了Ca²⁺在卵母细胞内外运输的通道和钙振荡发生和维持的机制;分析了钙振荡对卵母细胞的细胞周期恢复和母源mRNA翻译的调控作用和机制。目前,关于卵母细胞激活事件信号通路的研究已经取得了很大的进展,但每个单独事件所涉及的分子机制尚未完全确定。本综述探讨了哺乳动物受精时卵母细胞内钙信号研究的现状和未来研究的方向,为保障人类生殖健康和提高畜牧繁殖效率提供参考。     

Saccadic oscillations in 4 dogs and 1 cat

Disorders affecting the control of saccadic eye movements result in involuntary saccadic oscillations and are widely reported in human medicine. Information regarding the occurrence and potential importance of saccadic oscillations in veterinary medicine is currently limited. The clinical histories of three dogs and one cat displaying involuntary eye movements consistent with opsoclonus are presented, with final diagnoses including idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). A dog with eye movements closely resembling macrosaccadic oscillations is also presented, for which a final diagnosis of NCL was made. All animals had clinical signs of cerebellar disease. As in human medicine, recognition of these forms of involuntary eye movement might suggest a cerebellar neuroanatomic localization. Opsoclonus and macrosaccadic oscillations are forms of involuntary saccadic eye movement that are both unrecognized and under‐reported in veterinary medicine.     

带扩散系数的拟线性时滞脉冲现象的振动性

研究了一类带扩散系数的拟线性脉冲时滞抛物型方程组的振动性,利用振动的定义、Green公式和Newmann边值条件将这类脉冲时滞抛物方程组的振动问题转化为脉冲时滞微分不等式正解的不存在性问题,并利用最终正解的定义和脉冲时滞微分不等式,获得了该类方程组所有解(强)振动的充分条件.     

流动模拟二阶精度的简易保持研究

首先分析了各类低阶和高阶差分格式，指出二阶精度格式具有综合优势．接着以二维对流扩散方程为例，推导出延迟修正的CDS格式，并定义为DCDS格式．通过标量绕静点输运、自然对流及混合对流等实例，并与UDS，CDS及QUICK格式比较，论证了DCDS格式不仅能维持计算结果的二阶精度，而且极大地约束了CDS格式所固有的振荡和越界行为，边界处理也很简单．总之，在程序的效率、调试、边界处理、计算精度及稳定性等因素权衡下．DCDS格式是保持二阶数值精度的简易途径。     

云杉属树种谱系地理学研究

云杉属谱系地理学主要是研究云杉属种群遗传结构的历史动态规律,以及气候振荡和地质变迁对种群分布范围、种群间基因渐渗及遗传分化的影响。文中综述了国内外云杉属谱系地理学的研究进展,结论如下:我国西南山区和青藏高原（QTP）地区云杉属树种谱系地理学研究,验证了上新世QTP上升和第四纪冰期气候振荡对该物种进化起到推动作用,该物种在这2个时期快速分化;在云杉属争议种的研究中,通过对云杉属复合种群的群体结构展开研究,揭示了种群间的基因渐渗常存在于有较低基因流的基因组,方向通常是由本土树种向入侵树种渗透;某些种群之间的基因渐渗可有助于在一些基因位点上增加这些种群和其他种群之间的分化,导致生殖隔离的产生;云杉属天然杂种多被发现在种群的对称分布区边缘、或者其重叠分布区,杂种经过异地扩张又形成了新种,验证了云杉属网状进化的历史,并证明了生境特征决定杂交优势种的分布边界。     

Influence of subclinical inflammatory airway disease on equine respiratory function evaluated by impulse oscillometry

Reasons for performing study: Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a nonseptic condition of the lower respiratory tract. Its negative impact on respiratory function has previously been described using either forced expiration or forced oscillations techniques. However, sedation or drug‐induced bronchoconstriction were usually required. The impulse oscillometry system (IOS) is a noninvasive and sensitive respiratory function test validated in horses, which could be useful to evaluate IAD‐affected horses without further procedures. Objectives: To determine the sensitivity of IOS in detecting alterations of the respiratory function in subclinically IAD‐affected horses without inducing bronchoprovocation and to characterise their respiratory impedance according to frequency for each respiratory phase. Methods: Pulmonary function was evaluated at rest by IOS in 34 Standardbred trotters. According to the cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), 19 horses were defined as IAD‐affected and 15 horses were used as control (CTL). Total respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) from 1–20 Hz as well as their inspiratory and expiratory components were compared between groups. Results: A significant increase of Rrs at the lower frequencies (R_{1–10 Hz}) as well as a significant decrease of Xrs beyond 5 Hz (X_{5–20 Hz}) was observed in IAD compared to CTL horses. IOS‐data was also significantly different between inspiration and expiration in IAD‐affected horses. In the whole population, both BALF eosinophil and mast cell counts were significantly correlated with IOS measurements. Conclusions: Functional respiratory impairment may be measured, even in the absence of clinical signs of disease. In IAD‐affected horses, the different parameters of respiratory function (Rrs or Xrs) may vary depending on the inflammatory cell profiles represented in BALF. Potential relevance: Impulse oscillometry could be used in a routine clinical setting as a noninvasive method for early detection of subclinical respiratory disease and of the results of treatment in horses.     

周期操作对重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵表达类人胶原蛋白的影响

采用补料一分批式发酵,研究了4种不同间歇周期补氮操作对细胞生长和类人胶原蛋白表达的影响,以及发酵过程中细胞质粒稳定性、细胞菌落形成能力和乙酸生成量的变化。结果表明,在每隔10min连续补加 36mL补料氮溶液(22s完成补加操作)的周期操作下,细胞质粒稳定性明显提高,细胞菌落形成能力下降较小,乙酸生成量低,仅0．7 g／L,最终细胞密度为84 g／L,类人胶原蛋白表达量可达到14 g／L,在4种操作方式中最高。