芒果细菌性黑斑病研究现状及展望

细菌性黑斑病严重影响芒果产量和商品质量, 是芒果生产上的重要生物灾害之一。该病由野油菜黄单胞菌芒果致病变种（Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae）引起,几乎遍布热带亚热带芒果产区,常造成严重经济损失。本文主要综述了芒果细菌性黑斑病的症状、分布与危害、发生规律、防治方法、病原及其遗传多样性和检测技术等方面的研究进展,以期为该病的进一步研究及有效控制提供参考。     

酒糟和醋糟营养成分差异及其瘤胃降解特性分析

本试验旨在评价酒糟、醋糟等非常规饲料资源的饲用价值,为酒糟醋糟资源应用于肉牛养殖提供数据参考.试验选用山西不同地区酒糟、醋糟试样5个,试样编号分别为白酒糟、啤酒糟、醋糟1、醋糟2、醋糟3,发酵原料分别为白酒糟(高粱)、啤酒糟(大麦+大米)、醋糟1(高粱+大麦)、醋糟2(大麦+玉米)、醋糟3(高粱+玉米).通过实验室常规...     

果实生长期用MeJA处理对‘红贵妃’芒果货架品质的影响

我国芒果产区因缺乏采后处理条件,致使芒果在货架期品质劣变严重。本文研究了在果实生长期喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）对‘红贵妃’芒果采后品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,5 mg/L的MeJA处理显著降低了芒果货架期的病情指数和发病率、延缓了果皮转黄、提高了果肉的TSS和Vc含量、降低了TA含量,使芒果在货架期保持较好的外观和营养品质。同时,MeJA处理抑制了采后炭疽病的发生,在货架前期降低了CAT和POD活性,提高了总酚、总黄酮、H2O2含量,在货架后期提高了CAT和POD活性,降低了H2O2含量。本研究表明,生长期MeJA处理使芒果保持较好货架期品质与其增强果实在货架期的抗病性有关。     

Effects of feeding bamboo vinegar and acidifier as an antibiotic substitute on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets

Abstract

The experiment was designed to evaluate effects of feeding bamboo vinegar (BV) and acidifier to substitute antibiotic on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets. Three hundred and sixty weaned piglets (body weight (BW) = 10 ± 2 kg) were allocated into three treatments for 25 days of experiment feeding, with three replicates (pen) per treatment. A basal diet was added with antibiotics (Control), 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier I (BVAI), or 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier II (BVAII), respectively. No significant differences were observed in feed intake, final weight, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio (P > 0.05) among different treatments. The species richness and bacterial community diversities in feces were higher for the pigs in treatment BVAI and BVAII than those of pigs in the Control (36.5 and 1.55, respectively), with a significant difference between BVAII and the Control (P < 0.05). The bacterial communities of pigs in BVAI and BVAII clustered together, forming a cluster we designated as Cluster C and separated from another cluster in pigs fed antibiotic designated as Cluster A in the Control treatment. The results indicate that the 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier can replace antibiotics in the diets for piglets without negative effects on production and allow for greater diversity of the intestinal bacterial community compared to antibiotics.     

海南台农和金煌芒叶片养分周年动态变化分析

对海南主栽芒果品种台农和金煌芒的叶片养分的变化动态进行了分析。结果表明,相同栽培模式下,芒果叶片养分含量在不同品种、不同生长发育阶段和不同物候期之间存在显著的差异,但总体规律为：Ca＞N＞K＞Mg＞P＞Mn＞Fe＞Cu＞Zn。营养生长期间,不同月份芒果叶片中N、P、K、Mg含量基本保持在同一水平上;生殖生长期间,养分从叶片转移至花芽中,叶片养分明显下降。对于大量元素N、P、K、Mg而言,8月份至12月份叶片养分波动较小,因此10月份芒果的叶片可以作为叶片营养诊断的采样时间。     

芒果采后主要真菌性病害及防治方法研究进展

芒果是热带、亚热带重要经济作物之一,因其独特的口感和丰富的营养价值深受消费者喜爱。由于芒果采收期正值高温多雨季节、果实采后生理代谢旺盛、采收难度大,采后运输、贮藏过程中易遭受真菌的侵染,成为限制芒果产业发展的重要因素。为防治芒果采后真菌性病害,国内外学者对芒果采后防治技术进行了研究与开发。对炭疽病、蒂腐病和曲霉病3种芒果采后主要真菌性病害的症状、危害、病原菌和发生条件进行了综述,总结了芒果采后真菌性病害的防治方法,并对芒果采后病害防治方法进行了展望,为芒果采后真菌性病害防治技术的发展提供理论基础。     

柑桔保健果醋酿制工艺的研究

为开发利用我国的柑桔资源,对柑桔果醋的酿制工艺进行了研究.通过拟水平均匀试验优选出最佳工艺条件:果胶酶水解的最佳条件为:加酶量0.037%,温度40℃,时间4 h;酒精发酵的最优条件为:接菌种量0.037%,温度30℃,表观糖度11%;醋酸发酵的最优条件为:接菌种量0.85%,温度37℃,酒精度(v/v)6.0%.通过营养分析和对比表明,生产出的果醋具有良好的营养价值,适合于作为调味品或者生产保健饮料.     

发酵方法对柿果醋中香气成分的影

采用顶空固相微萃取法、结合气相色谱质谱联用技术,对自然发酵和常规发酵柿果醋中香气成分进行了分离与分析比较,分别从2种柿果醋中分离鉴定出挥发性化合物63种,均含有酯类、羧酸类、醇类、烃类、醛酮类、酚类及少量其他化合物.常规发酵柿果醋香气成分中含有酯类33.78%、醇类32.38%和烃类1.08%,高于自然发酵柿果醋的含量;自然发酵柿果醋香气成分中含有羧酸类61.25%、醛酮类9.66%和酚类6.13%,高于常规发酵柿果醋的含量.采用常规发酵法生产的柿果醋具有较好的感官质量.     

Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radicle growth of seed plants

 Two kinds of bamboo vinegar from madake bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) were prepared to analyze their components by gas chromatography (GC). The original vinegar, distilled vinegar, ether-extracted vinegar, and three fractions including acidic, neutral, and phenolic fractions separated from ether-extracted vinegar were diluted with distilled water 10² to 10⁷ times. These diluted vinegar solutions were used to investigate the effect of bamboo vinegar on the germination and radicle growth of seed plants. High concentrations of all kinds of treated bamboo vinegars (e.g., 10² of original vinegar and 10³ of ether-extracted vinegar) showed strong inhibition against germination of the seeds. However, an appropriate dilution of bamboo vinegar showed an obvious promotional effect on germination and radicle growth for the four kinds of tested seeds (lettuce, watercress, honewort, chrysanthemum). Received: December, 12, 2001 / Accepted: July 29, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Part of this paper was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001     

Domestication of Irvingia gabonensis: 3. Phenotypic variation of fruits andkernels in a Nigerian village

Domestication of Irvingia gabonensis, a fruit tree grown in agroforestry systems in West and Central Africa, offers considerable scope for enhancing the nutritional and economic security of subsistence farmers in the region. Assessments of phenotypic variation in ten fruit, nut and kernel traits were made on twenty-four ripe fruits from 100 Irvingia gabonensis trees in Ugwuaji village in southeast Nigeria, a center of genetic diversity for this species. There were important differences between the young planted trees of this study and the older unplanted trees of a similar study in Cameroon. Significant and continuous tree-to-tree variation was found in fruit mass(69.0–419.8 g), flesh mass (59.5–388.8 g), nut mass (9.5–40.6 g), shell mass (4.9–30.9 g) and kernel mass (0.41–7.58 g); fruit length (49.2–89.3 mm) and width (46.2–100.5 mm) and flesh depth (12.9–31.4 mm), as well as considerable variation in flesh colour, skin colour, fruit taste and fibrosity. Some fruits were considerably bigger than those found in Cameroon. These quantitative results will help in the development of cultivars within participatory approaches to agroforestry tree domestication, and so promote poverty alleviation and sustainable agriculture. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.