活化铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施对水稻幼苗生长及盐碱土性质的影响

为探究活化的高硅型铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施材料对水稻幼苗生长及盐碱土壤理化性质的影响以及改善盐碱地水稻生产力的可行性,本研究应用电子扫描显微镜对生物炭材料进行形貌结构观察,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对生物炭材料进行官能团表征;开展盆栽实验,探究活化铁尾砂与生物炭材料配施对水稻幼苗的形态学和生理学的影响及对盐碱土的改善效果。结果表明,相比于其他生物炭材料,活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料孔隙较大,表面更加粗糙,对于养分的吸附能力强,表面的官能团丰富。盆栽实验中活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭配施组中水稻幼苗株高、根长、根冠比和干质量分别较对照组提高12.61%、191.49%、42.93%和100.00%;叶片的丙二醛和活性氧含量分别降低65.76%和46.46%;过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白值分别升高117.35%、44.75%、55.00%和19.31%。施用活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料后,盐碱土的电导率降低,p H、总碳、总氮、土壤有效硅、总磷和总钾含量升高。研究证明活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料性能优越,并且活化铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施改善了盐碱土壤理化性质和养分含量,使水稻幼...     

海南岛火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳主量元素特征[1]

通过对海南岛西北部火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳剖面样品进行X荧光光谱法检测、风化特征指数及质量迁移系数的计算,揭示海南岛新生代火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳的主量元素分布、风化强度和迁移特征。风化壳主量元素以Fe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2为主,K、Na、Ca、Mg等易溶组分较低;Fe2O3、Al2O3富集、SiO2淋失的热带地区风化特征。风化层CIA指数高达95%以上、Fe2O3/Al2O3上升,BA值较低, SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/R2O3、BA下降;以Zr为参比元素,铁、铝迁移系数大于1,最大可达4.029,钠、钾、钙、镁、硅、锰迁移系数小于1,可低至-0.996。研究认为海南岛西北部火山岩风化壳表现为典型的脱硅富铁,铁质元素强烈富集,其它元素淋失明显,且铁铝元素发生了的分异,是比较成熟的风化壳。     

Turf Response to Superferrite Fertilizer in Contrasting Soil Types

Abstract

Superferrite is marketed as a turf fertilizer in the United States, but there is limited information on its effectiveness or potential risks due to high zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) contents. A greenhouse study was conducted where hybrid bermudagrass and tall fescue, growing in a calcareous clay or acid sandy soil, and creeping bentgrass, growing in a putting green root zone mix, were fertilized with 0, 50, 100, and 150% the recommended rate of Superferrite fertilizer (73.4 g m^?2). Bermudagrass and tall fescue clipping weights increased with Superferrite rate but root mass was not affected. Tissue iron (Fe) concentrations were mostly unaffected by Superferrite, but total Fe uptake, tissue Zn, and total Zn uptake increased with Superferrite rate. Increased yields were probably due to increasing nitrogen (N) applications rather than Fe or Zn. Small increases in Pb uptake with Superferrite applications suggest that Superferrite Pb had low bioavailability to turf.     

A nutritional disorder in pistachio from near Athens,Greece

Abstract

A problem pistachio orchard near Athens, Greece had many trees with severely scorched leaves. Half or more of each leaflet v/as brown and dry but tips and edges were most affected. Affected leaves were also of lighter green color than normal leaves and slightly resembled Fe deficiency. Leaf analysis indicated low K, low Fe, and high Mg. Irrigation water contained moderate levels of Mg and Na chlorides and chloride toxicity was possibly another factor. Improvement was observed when Fe chelate was applied to the orchard but Mg‐induced K deficiency was possibly a major factor. Response to K applied to soil was not observed after four months, however.     

卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊铜、锌、铁、锰的含量测定

为了探索微量元素对妊娠母羊营养状况的影响,选取体重相近、年龄和胎次相同的卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊和空怀母羊各6只,清晨采取颈静脉血样和臀部毛样,利用原子吸收光谱法对铜、锌、铁、锰4种微量元素含量进行了测定(国标法)。结果表明:血清中,铜的含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);全血中,铁、铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);羊毛中,铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能及其抗氧化能力的影响

为研究复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能、血液理化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,试验选用体重接近、胎次接近、预产期一致的健康“长×白”二元杂母猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,3个处理组分别在基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁、甘氨酸亚铁、复合有机铁。结果显示:较硫酸亚铁组,复合有机铁组产程缩短23.57%、胎产健仔数增加14.00%、初生窝重增加14.14%(P < 0.05);母猪血红蛋白含量、红细胞数和红细胞压积分别提高19.88%、10.53%、8.33%(P < 0.05);母猪抗氧化酶活性和机体抗氧化能力提高47.33%(P < 0.05),丙二醛含量降低37.05%(P < 0.05)。综上所述,母猪日粮中额外补充复合有机铁源能提高母猪繁殖性能,改善血液理化指标,增强母猪抗氧化能力。     

补铁剂及多肽铁复合物的研究进展

缺铁性贫血作为贫血中最常见的一种,越来越受到人们的关注。随着营养与健康需求的变化和安全意识的 增强,人们致力于补铁效果好、吸收好、副作用小、安全性更高的口服补铁剂的研发。本文对补铁剂的发展和相关 研究进行综述,概述新型补铁剂的研究进展,全面阐述多肽铁复合物蛋白琥珀酸铁的原料来源、结构、机理、制 备、应用、消化吸收机制,对多肽铁复合物和蛋白琥珀酸铁的发展前景进行展望,以期对补铁剂的研究与发展提供 理论依据。     

不同铁源对仔鸡生长的影响

选取1日龄罗曼蛋公鸡90只,随机分为3组,每组30只。以玉米、大豆分离蛋白为主要成分的半纯合基础日粮,在基础日粮中分别添加硫酸亚铁(含铁30%)、蛋氨酸铁(含铁10%)和甘氨酸铁(含铁10%)3种铁源,使铁含量各为80mg/kg,组成对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组。试验期为28d。28日龄时停饲24h后称重屠宰,取内脏器官,结果表明,蛋氨酸铁促进仔鸡体重的增加和内脏器官的发育,在21和28日龄时体重比对照组分别提高了10.57%和14.94%;甘氨酸铁组与对照组相比,差异不显著,但在一定程度上可以促进仔鸡体重的增加和内脏器官的发育。     

日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪血清及组织铜、铁、锌沉积的影响

选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+250mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮+500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14d。于断奶后0,7,14d,经前腔静脉采血,用原子吸收光谱仪检测血清中铜、铁、锌水平。试验结束时,每组选5头仔猪放血致死,取心、肝、肾、脑、脾、胸腺组织,测定铜、铁、锌含量。结果显示,仔猪断奶后,血清中铜、锌水平显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);添加不同锌源和锌水平的高锌日粮能提高断奶仔猪肝、肾、脑、血清锌的含量,显著或极显著降低仔猪血清铜和心、胸腺铜以及脾铁水平(P0.05或P0.01),对血清铁及其他组织铁含量无明显影响。这表明高锌日粮能增加断奶应激仔猪体内锌水平,降低部分组织中铜、铁含量。     

Effect of ammonium‐iron‐hexa‐cyanoferrate and of the covariates age,gender, weight,season and calendar time on radiocaesium contamination of wild boars living in the wild in Bavaria

Feed with Ammonium‐iron‐hexa‐cyanoferrate (AFCF; 1250 mg AFCF/kg) was fed between March 2009 and March 2011 to wild boars in a territory of 4.5 km² (experimental group, EXP). One hundred and forty similar territories in the same county (500 km², spruce forest, agriculture) served as control (CON). Data for comparison from all territories were available from March 2005 to March 2011. Wild boars could move between, into and from the territories. Lean skeletal muscle meat (500 g) of all wild boars that were killed by humans (hunting and traffic accidents) was investigated for gamma‐radiation from ¹³⁷Cs with a becquerel monitor with a sodium iodide scintillator crystal (range of detection 20–9999 Bq/kg). The wild boars were weighed, and gender and age were determined. For the analyses of effects, multivariable regression models were fitted with the ¹³⁷Cs concentration as response variable. There was a significant difference between the ¹³⁷Cs contamination of wild boars from CON (563 ± 932 Bq/kg meat, n = 1253) and EXP (236 ± 276 Bq/kg meat; n = 45). ¹³⁷Cs contamination decreased with increasing body weight by ?5 Bq/kg meat/kg body weight increase (p < 0.05). Females had higher Bq measurements than males (by +80 Bq/kg meat, p < 0.05). Piglets were lower than adults, but turn‐coats higher. From November to May, contamination was higher (by +500 to +600 Bq/kg meat, p < 0.05) than during the rest of the year. In 2010, contamination was higher (by +200 to + 300 Bq/kg meat, p < 0.05) in comparison with the other years under observation. When all covariates were controlled for, the effect of AFCF was highly significant. Interaction analyses showed that the intervention decreased ¹³⁷Cs contamination by ?500 Bq/kg meat during November to May and by ?200 Bq/kg meat during the rest of the year. In summary, AFCF feeding reduces ¹³⁷Cs contamination of wild boars living in the wild significantly, particularly during the season from November to May.