昆虫人工卵制卵机的研究

本文报道一种结构比较简单的昆虫人工卵制卵机,设计原理与同类其它制卵机不同。用本机制卵,成卵率平均为86％,卵粒外径约564微米,卵壳厚度约17微米。每小时可制人工卵2公斤。用切片石蜡为卵外壳、蛋白质水解物等为内含物制成的人工卵,饲养中华草蛉和大草蛉,成茧率可达97％,与用米蛾卵饲养的结果无明显差异。     

麦拌灵(30%甲柳·酮乳油)防治小麦地下害虫及苗期病虫害田间药效试验

田间试验表明麦拌灵（３０％ 甲柳·酮乳油） 对麦田地下害虫和苗期病虫害（麦蚜、白粉病） 均有较好的防治效果, 最佳拌种量１．０ｍＬ／ｋｇ 干种子,对以上防效分别为９２．９８％ 、６８．０５％ 、７６．８０％ 。     

番茄褪绿病毒病在山东设施西葫芦上的发生及潜在危害

番茄褪绿病毒tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV)是我国蔬菜生产的重要新发病毒,其寄主范围逐年扩大。2019年10月项目组在山东寿光西葫芦温室调查时发现部分叶片呈现黄化、脉间褪绿,类似于ToCV侵染症状,并伴有烟粉虱发生。利用特异性引物检测发现,扩增的目的片段与GenBank中登录的侵染番茄的ToCV基因序列(登录号：KC887998.1)同源性高达99.58%,充分说明西葫芦植株已被ToCV侵染。通过对病毒病发生规律和烟粉虱虫口数量调查发现,西葫芦定植后1个月表现侵染症状的植株为2.0%,定植后2个月达到4.2%,定植后4个月后高达68.2%,病毒发生呈指数增长,而烟粉虱虫口数量却维持较低密度。从济南和德州采集的西葫芦疑似病叶和烟粉虱中也检出ToCV病毒,说明该病毒可能已经在山东省设施西葫芦主要种植区普遍发生,并经烟粉虱广泛传播,需引起高度重视。     

荔枝害虫群落结构及其动态研究

依据软件工程学的原理,采用结构化分析与结构化设计和面向对象设计的方法研制出的植检害虫图文信息及鉴定辅助系统ＰＱ－ＩＮＦＯＲＭＩＳ,是一个融我国对外检疫性害虫的图文信息与种类鉴定专门知识于一体的实用性较强的微机应用系统。其中,检疫害虫图文信息系统ＰＱ－ＩＮＦＯＲＭ包括昆虫计５７种１属,乃用ＷＤＢａｓｅ为主要工具开发;     

全州县金槐病虫害调查与防治

对广西全州县的金槐病虫害种类进行了调查。结果表明,全州县金槐病害有6种,虫害有14种;总结了金槐病虫害的发生与分布特点．分析了影响病虫害发生与分布的因素,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

危害云南丽江苹果的病虫害种类及其发生规律

丽江是云南重要的苹果老产区,病虫害连年发生,严重制约苹果产业的发展。为了及时有效地防治病虫害,在丽江市的玉龙、古城和宁蒗3个主产区,连续3年系统调查苹果病虫害的发生发展情况,找出了病虫害的发生种类及其规律。调查结果显示:病害种类有23种;其中,真菌性病害16种、病毒性病害3种、生理性病害4种。危害较重的有腐烂病、白粉病、褐斑病和斑点落叶病。腐烂病在玉龙、古城和宁蒗3个产区发病率存在明显差异,在宁蒗发病最为严重;褐斑病、斑点病和白粉病在3个产区差别不大。从季节动态看:腐烂病发病率相对稳定;白粉病发生高峰出现较早;斑点落叶病与褐斑病有着相近的动态规律。从年度动态来看:发病率基数存在差异,腐烂病、白粉病有逐年加重的发生趋势,褐斑病与斑点落叶病年份间波动较大。苹果害虫有28种,危害相对较重的有苹果棉蚜、苹果黄蚜和红蜘蛛等3种,在不同产区和不同年份之间存在细微差别和动态波动。该研究为云南丽江地区苹果产业发展和病虫害综合防控提供依据。     

基于WEB的大豆病虫害专家系统构建

基于WEB的大豆病虫害专家系统,采用ASP编程技术,且融合专家系统、网络信息系统、多媒体技术等理论,系统主要包括大豆病虫害诊断模块、病虫害防治专业知识模块和专家与用户交流BBS平台等模块,用户通过互联网即可使用该系统,具有使用方便、通用性强等特点。     

Sampling saproxylic beetles: lessons from a 10-year monitoring study

We sampled saproxylic beetles using trunk window traps in two birch-dominated forests in Finland during 1990-1999. The sampling scheme, 10 traps attached to living fruiting bodies of Fomes fomentarius growing on dead birches, remained unchanged in both forests throughout the study period. Beetles belonging to 32 selected families were identified every year, whereas all species were identified during the last 4 years. Total number of identified individuals was 40,294 and number of species 583, of which 258 were saproxylic (dependent on dead wood). Species richness of rare and threatened saproxylic beetles in the samples varied a lot between the years and did not fluctuate synchronously between the forests. Variation between years was smaller when all saproxylic species were pooled together and some abundant species fluctuated synchronously in the two forests. Similarity indices and DCA-ordination did not generally suggest decreasing similarity between samples with increasing temporal isolation. Incidence-based similarities of common saproxylic species within and between forests and years were high (means 0.7-0.8), whereas those of rare saproxylics were roughly 50% smaller and much more variable. More than 75% of the common saproxylic species found during the entire 10-year period were detected already after 3 years of sampling but accumulation of rare and threatened species was much slower. Our results suggest that: (1) occurrence of rare and threatened species in samples is much less predictable than that of common species and, e.g. reserve selection based on rarities should be made cautiously; (2) estimation of total number of threatened species in a forest is very difficult, because such species accumulate slowly in the samples; (3) samples from different years can be comparable in certain cases.     

Leafhopper and planthopper vectors of rice viruses and their management in Nepal

Research on insect pests (including leafhoppers and planthoppers) in Nepal was initiated in 1956 by the Entomology Division and Plant Protection Units of the Department of Agriculture. More systematic work began after the establishment of a Rice Improvement Programme in 1972. Because of poor documentation and publication of research findings, it is difficult to assess the research efforts and achievements to date. The available research reports are mostly published in the proceedings of national seminars/workshops. They are used here to assess the current status of research on the occurrence and damage caused, distribution and composition, relative abundance, biology and management through chemicals. Much of past research has focused on insect surveys by light traps and sweep nets and the evaluation of insecticides and, since early 1990, some research on rice green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix nigropictus) has begun to determine their relative abundance and population characteristics in relation to their potential as vectors of rice viruses. The challenges to pest management in general and some suggestions for future research needs are discussed, based on the present standing of agricultural research in the country