The severity of smouldering peat fires and damage to the forest soil

Smouldering wildfires propagate slowly through surface and subsurface organic layers of the forest ground and severely affect the soil, producing physical, chemical and biological changes. These effects are caused by the prolonged heating and the large loss of soil mass but are poorly documented in the literature. A series of smouldering experiments with boreal peat have been conducted under laboratory conditions to quantify these effects using small-scale samples. Peat samples of 100 mm by 100 mm in cross section and 50 mm in depth of different moisture were exposed to an external ignition source. Thermocouples placed throughout the sample bed measured the temperature evolution and tracked the peat ignition, intensity and spread of the smouldering front. The results show that moisture content controls peat ignition and that moisture below 125 ± 10% (in dry base) are required. The severity of the smouldering peat on the soil has been quantified in terms of temperature vs. residence time curves and mass loss. The measurements show temperatures in excess of 300 °C for residence times of 1 h leading to sterilization of the soil and mass loss in burnt layers above 90%.     

Characterizing the Economic Value and Impacts of Wild Pig Damage on a Rural Economy

Wild pigs are a free-ranging invasive species capable of inflicting significant damage on rural property. Wildlife management personnel may benefit from understanding the negative societal impact of wild pigs. A statewide mail survey of randomly selected landowners was conducted in rural Tennessee counties known to have wild pigs. The economic value of damage caused by wild pigs in 2015 in these counties was estimated at $26.22 million, whereas the cost incurred in control and eradication was $2.09 million. Input-output modeling of damage in these counties on the state’s economy showed $32.8 million in lost industrial output, $4.6 million in lost labor income, and 332 jobs or job equivalents affected. Findings are useful in understanding the types of damage, and the extent of these impacts on the rural economy. They could also facilitate comparing the expected benefit with the cost of control programs in Tennessee and comparable areas facing similar invasions from wild pigs.     

Radiosensitivity and capacity for radiation-induced sublethal damage repair of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines

Understanding the inherent radiosensitivity and repair capacity of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) can aid in optimizing radiation protocols to treat this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF(2) ), α/β ratio and capacity for sublethal damage repair (SLDR) in response to radiation. Dose-response and split-dose studies were performed using the clonogenic assay. The mean SF(2) for three established TCC cell lines was high at 0.61. All the three cell lines exhibited a low to moderate α/β ratio, with the mean being 3.27. Two cell lines exhibited statistically increased survival at 4 and 24 h in the dose-response assay. Overall, our results indicate that the cell lines are moderately radioresistant, have a high repair capacity and behave similarly to a late-responding normal tissue. These findings indicate that the radiation protocols utilizing higher doses with less fractionation may be more effective for treating TCC.     

饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪肠道黏膜免疫应答的影响及大豆异黄酮的干预作用

本试验旨在通过研究饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜氧化相关指标、免疫因子、氧化和免疫共同相关因子的影响以及添加大豆异黄酮(SI)对其的干预作用,探讨氧化应激对新生仔猪生长、肠道免疫应答的影响机制.试验选用4日龄新生仔猪96头,分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪,各组饲粮中分别添加5%新鲜鱼油(Ⅰ组)、5%...     

外源NO对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗氧化损伤的缓解效应

以加燕2号为试验材料,用一氧化氮（NO）供体硝普钠（SNP）、NO清除剂牛血红蛋白（Hb）及SNP类似物亚铁氰化钠处理燕麦植株,研究NO对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗生长和氧化损伤的缓解效应。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下添加外源NO提高了燕麦幼苗的株高,提高了SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性,降低自由基含量和膜脂过氧化程度,表明外源NO能缓解NaCl胁迫诱导的氧化损伤,增强植株的耐盐性。NO供体SNP的类似物亚铁氰化钠（不产生NO）对NaCl胁迫燕麦植株的株高和氧化伤害无缓解效应;施用Hb提高了自由基含量,降低了抗氧化酶活性,而添加外源NO能缓解Hb对燕麦生长的抑制,表明内源NO也可能参与燕麦幼苗耐盐性的调节。     

药物防治蝇害的研究进展

蝇害已经成为危害规模化畜禽养殖的重要问题。文章回顾了防治蝇害的三代杀虫剂的发展过程和存在的问题 ;展望了作为新一代环境友好防治蝇害药物的昆虫生长调节剂的开发前景。     

唇形科植物提取物对单胃动物的抗氧化作用及其机制

动物在患病、应激或特殊生理条件下,机体内会大量产生自由基,自由基与机体内的脂质、ＤＮＡ等产生反应,可对动物造成氧化损伤。唇形科植物提取物中的抗氧化物主要活性成分是酚类化合物,它和抗坏血酸及类胡萝卜素能够阻止自由基引发的氧化伤害。本文阐述了唇形科植物提取物对猪、鸡体外和体内抗氧化作用的实例与抗氧化功能,分析了其抗氧化作用机制。     

谷氨酰胺对过氧化氢诱导氧化应激人结肠癌HT-29细胞损伤和凋亡的影响

本试验旨在通过研究谷氨酰胺对过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导氧化应激人结肠癌HT-29细胞损伤和凋亡的影响,阐明谷氨酰胺的抗氧化效果和作用机理。HT-29细胞经不同浓度[0(对照组)、0.5、2.0、10.0 mmol/L]谷氨酰胺和0.35 mmol/L H_2O_2分别处理12、24、32 h后,测定细胞的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并采用荧光定量PCR方法分析谷氨酰胺对H_2O_2诱导的细胞凋亡相关基因的mRNA相对表达量,以及采用膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶双染法对HT-29细胞染色,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡情况。结果表明:1)处理24 h后,0.5、2.0 mmol/L Gln组SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);处理32 h后,0.5、2.0 mmol/L Gln组SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),MDA含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)处理12 h后,各组天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-3(Caspase-3)和B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白(Bax)mRNA相对表达量无显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组比较,0.5 mmol/L Gln组核转录因子κB(NF-κB)mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P0.05),0.5与2.0 mmol/L Gln组B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P0.05)。处理24 h后,与对照组比较,0.5、2.0和10.0 mmol/L Gln组Caspase-3、NF-κB和Bax mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P0.05),Bcl-2mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05)。处理32 h后,与对照组比较,2.0 mmol/L Gln组细胞表面诱导凋亡分子(FAS)、Caspase-3、NF-κB、Bax mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P0.05),Bcl-2mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05);10.0 mmol/L Gln组FAS、Caspase-3、NF-κB、Bax mRNA相对表达量均显著升高(P0.05)。3)处理24 h后,与对照组比较,Gln处理使活细胞数量提高了5.32%~11.97%,坏死细胞数量降低了6.75%~12.66%。处理32 h后,与对照组比较,Gln处理使活细胞数量提高了1.39%~7.63%,坏死细胞数量降低了3.40%~4.57%。由此可见,谷氨酰胺可抑制氧化应激反应,降低H_2O_2诱导的HT-29细胞凋亡。     

四川省紫茎泽兰危害状况与治理对策

较详细地论述了外来入侵生物紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum在四川的最新分布状况、蔓延趋势及对畜牧业、农业、林业与生物多样性的危害,并针对其分布、危害规律,提出了具体的治理对策和措施.