论信用证单据不符对买卖双方权利义务的影响

由于信用证结算方式的特点，在现今的国际贸易活动中，大部分结算都是通过信用证方式完成的。但是，由于我国信用证实践的起步较晚，国内理论界和实务界存在很多对信用证结算方式的误解。本文从分析最高人民法院1996年的一则案例入手，结合英美法对信用证的理论和判例实践，对信用证项下卖方因提供了不符合信用证规定的单据从而遭到开证行拒付后，买卖双方的权利义务关系作一分析和评述。     

基于变分法的FY-3C土壤水分产品适用性分析

FY-3C作为我国风云三号首颗业务卫星,其上搭载的微波成像仪(MWRI)可提供全天候土壤水分数据。【目的】获取高质量土壤水分数据可以对合理利用土壤水资源提供参考,为农田干旱监控和预报提供基础参数。【方法】选取山东省农业气象站土壤水分数据对FY-3C土壤水分产品进行检验,为获取更高质量FY-3C土壤水分产品,选用变分订正方法对FY-3C土壤水分产品进行偏差订正。【结果】FY-3C升降轨土壤水分产品与地面站土壤水分相关系数R分别为0.481 6和0.408 2,RMSE分别为0.099 6和0.091 0 cm~3/cm~3。订正后FY-3C升降轨土壤水分产品与地面站土壤水分R分别为0.701 4和0.892 4,RMSE分别为0.021 7和0.011 cm~3/cm~3。对2016年3—4月山东省干旱过程订正前、后FY-3C土壤水分变化情况进行对比,订正后FY-3C土壤水分更准确地反映出此次干旱过程。【结论】FY-3C土壤水分产品可以准确反映土壤水分随时间的变化趋势,订正后FY-3C土壤水分产品与地面站土壤水分间误差减小、相关性提高。     

THE EXISTENCE OF APPROXIMATE EXTREME POIKTS OF CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

According to the theories o?Riemannian manifolds and variational principles, two theorems about the existence of approximate extreme point of constrained optimization are given in this paper.     

基于改进VMD的离心泵空化声发射信号特征提取

针对变分模态分解算法中分解层数和惩罚因子不易确定的问题,提出一种改进变分模态分解(improved variational mode decomposition,IVMD)算法,并将其应用于离心泵空化声发射信号特征提取.应用IVMD算法时,首先根据包络熵差异系数确定变分模态分解的分解层数;然后采用人工蜂群算法优化得出惩罚因子,并将其作为变分模态分解的最佳输入参数.利用IVMD算法对仿真信号进行分析,并与集合经验模态分解结果进行比较.以60%额定流量下采集到的离心泵进口处的声发射信号为例进行IVMD计算,分析携带原信号大量信息的信号分量的频域特征及其绝对能量随离心泵空化状态变化的关系.结果表明:IVMD算法能够择优确定分解层数和惩罚因子,实现非平稳信号的自适应分解.反映离心泵空化状态的声发射信号特征频率集中在50,100 kHz及其附近.随着离心泵空化从无到有、从弱到强的变化,这2个特征频率范围信号分量绝对能量值呈“基本保持不变-减小-增大”的变化规律.     

The genetic relationship between popping expansion volume and two yield components in popcorn using unconditional and conditional QTL analysis

Popping expansion volume (PEV) is the most important quality trait in popcorn, while its germplasm is inferior to normal dent/flint corn in yield. In this study, 259 F_2:3 families, developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were evaluated for their PEV, grain weight per plant (GWP) and 100-grain weight (100 GW) in two environments. The genetic relationship between PEV and GWP, and 100 GW on individual gene loci were evaluated using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods. In total, five, one and three unconditional QTL were identified for PEV, GWP, and 100 GW, respectively. The positive alleles of all QTL for PEV were from N04, while positive alleles of all QTL for GWP and 100 GW were from Dan232. In conditional mapping, one and two QTL failed to be detected, and all four additional QTL were detected. Nevertheless, three QTL were identified, which controlled PEV independently from GWP/100 GW. They seemed to be potential candidates in popcorn breeding to increase PEV without decreasing GWP/100 GW. The results suggested that for significantly correlated traits, the conditional QTL mapping method could be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between traits at the level of individual QTL, as well as reveal additional QTL that were undetectable by unconditional mapping.     

基于GOES数据和弱约束变分的地表水热通量估算

基于弱约束的四维变分方法和陆面过程模式发展了一个地表温度的陆面数据同化系统。本文反演了地球静止业务环境卫星(Geostationary operational environmental satellite,GOES)的地表温度,并将反演的地表温度同化入陆面过程模式,改进陆面过程模式中地表水热通量的估算精度。以弱约束的变分方法通过在代价函数中增加弱约束项代替陆面过程模式动力方程组中存在的模式误差,构建新的代价函数并对其优化,从而改善模式中显热与潜热的估算精度。将GOES地表温度与实测地表温度进行比较,其均方根误差(RMSE)作为试验中的观测误差。选择美国通量网AmeriFlux中2个主要农业站点的气象和通量数据作为试验数据,对同化系统进行驱动和验证。结果表明同化后的地表温度、潜/显热估算精度均有提高。其中,各站地表温度RMSE平均仅为1 K,显热通量平均RMSE下降22 W/m2,潜热通量平均RMSE下降26 W/m2。因此结合陆面过程模式的弱约束变分方法同化GOES反演温度产品估算近地表水热通量的方法是有效且可行的。     

基于图像处理的温室黄瓜霜霉病诊断系统

为进一步提高温室黄瓜霜霉病诊断的准确率,构建了一个基于图像处理的温室黄瓜霜霉病诊断系统。针对温室黄瓜栽培现场采集的病害图像,采用基于条件随机场(Conditional random fields,CRF)的图像分割方法进行病斑图像分割,并采用决策树模型扩展一元势函数,提高病斑图像分割的准确性;将分割后的病斑图像转换到HSV颜色空间并提取其颜色、纹理和形状等25个特征,利用粗糙集方法进行特征选择与优化;构建了基于径向基核函数的SVM分类器,准确地识别与诊断温室黄瓜霜霉病。系统试验验证结果表明,该系统采用的病斑分割方法,能够克服复杂背景和光照条件的影响,准确地提取病斑图像;采用粗糙集方法能够有效地选择分类特征,将25个初始特征减少到12个,提高了运行效率;黄瓜霜霉病识别准确率达到90%,能够满足设施蔬菜叶部病害诊断的需求。     

Copulas函数在多变量干旱联合分布中的应用

以渭河流域西安站77年的月降水资料为例,采用7种单参数族Copulas函数,建立干旱特征变量之间的联合分布。经拟合优度评价,Plackett Copula函数对干旱历时和干旱烈度、干旱历时和干旱烈度峰值之间拟合程度最好;而Clayton Copula函数对于干旱烈度和烈度峰值拟合程度最好。分别应用这2种Copulas函数对西安站进行干旱特征变量之间的二维条件概率分布及组合重现期计算。结果表明,Copulas函数能较好的描述干旱特征变量间的联合分布;并且具有灵活性和应用范围广等特点,在多变量干旱特征分析中具有广泛的应用前景。     

一类四阶非线性椭圆方程解的存在性和多重性

通过极小化作用原理和极小极大方法得到了一类四阶非线性椭圆方程解的存在性和多重性.