10年生黑杨派无性系材性径向遗传变异分析与综合评价

目的 研究黑杨派无性系材性性状遗传变异,并进行综合评价,为其工业用材林定向培育和木材利用提供理论依据。 方法 对河南省焦作8个黑杨派无性系试验林选取10年生样木（每个无性系5株）进行材性性状（解剖特性、物理性能、化学组成）测定,对18个材性性状进行遗传变异分析和遗传参数估算,并采用主成分分析法对无性系进行综合评价。 结果 除半纤维素外,其他17个材性性状在不同无性系间均差异极显著。18个材性性状的无性系重复力为0.49～0.93,其中,全干密度、基本密度、综纤维素、径向-细胞直径和径向-细胞腔径的重复力达0.8以上。无性系材性性状表型变异系数均大于遗传变异系数,经主成分分析评选出中林46杨为主成分综合分值最高的无性系。 结论 8个黑杨派无性系在18个材性性状上差异显著,并受较强的遗传控制,具备遗传改良的条件。无性系重复力存在径向差异,随着年轮的增大,物理性能变化幅度最小,全干密度和基本密度相对稳定。     

Selection, propagation and cultivation of Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use

Based on the growth, wood property of the ortets, and rooting abilities of cuttings, 32 Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use were selected from forests of superior provenance, mixed families, and progeny test of seed orchard by two-step selection. The average height and DBH growth of three-year-old clones were 28.6% and 16.7%, respectively, higher than those from seedlings, and average gain of wood density reached 8.7%. Rooting rate of all these clones was over 80%, 28% higher than the clones selected by a single step. A cutting orchard of 0.33 hm² on the hillside was constructed to intensively produce cuttings according to the tests on construction methods, pruning, and fertilization. A total of 50,000 grade I, 37,500 grade II, and 62,500 grade III cuttings were collected per hectare of this cutting orchard each time, and were cut three times each year. With all the above techniques, 48 hm² of clonal forests for pulp use of those clones had been planted in five places in Fujian Province. Container stecklings are more likely to increase the planting survival rate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(1): 64–69 [译自: 林业科学]     

油茶无性系及自然林选优调查分析

在江西省6个县进行油茶无性系及自然林选优调查分析,结果表明,长林、赣无、赣州油系列无性系优树整体表现出较好的经济性状,主要表现为鲜果含油率、平均冠幅产果量及产油量较高,高产优树较多,自然林优树整体表现低于无性系优树,但存在一部分表现高产的优树,无性系优树间、不同地区自然林优树间、同一地区自然林优树间经济性状差异较大,这为油茶选优工作提供了参考依据和空间。今后油茶选优宜重点从现行推广的无性系中进行优中选优,结合在自然林中进行一定的选择,以达到节约成本、提高效率的目标。     

湘林黑杨新无性系不同部位水培生根性状研究

对湘林-90等6个杨树新无性系及中汉-17、I-69杨1年生苗,自下而上按4部位分别裁截插穗,进行水培生根试验,探索杨树水培后皮层凸起、先期不定根数量、凸起成根率及根长在无性系、区分段间的分布规律及相关性。     

云南橡胶树选育种现状和展望

报道云南引入橡胶树新种质的研究和新品种推广规模种植的现状,提出进一步加快橡胶树亚马逊种质、魏克汉种质杂交组合的鉴定,通过常规选育程序,选育出适合云南植胶生态环境的新品种;收集、研究存在于生产胶园中的高产速生特异单株种质,作为有效选育新品种的新材料;应用分子标记和遗传转化技术,对橡胶树种质特异性进行研究,可以提高品种选育目的性,提高筛选效率,缩短育种周期。     

长白落叶松1.5代种子园营建技术

永吉县西阳林木种子园2010年开始进行长白落叶松1.5代种子园建设工作,采用先定砧、后嫁接方式建园。建园材料为88个优良无性系。其中,从第一代种子园生产区中逆向选择无性系47个,优良种源天然林优良林分选择无性系41个。建设总面积20 hm~2,区划为4个大区、18个小区,以小区为单位利用完全随机法配置无性系,为充分异型交配创造条件。     

接骨木无性系苗期干旱胁迫响应及抗旱性综合评价

为揭示不同种接骨木无性系的抗旱性,探讨其对干旱环境的适应能力,为干旱瘠薄山地造林提供材料。采用盆栽法进行自然干旱胁迫试验,运用主成分分析对不同处理下各无性系生理指标进行综合评价。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,无性系PT-1的生物量增量最大,PT-2的根冠比最大。在干旱胁迫逐增情况下,细胞膜透性逐增,当干旱达到中、重度时,无性系PT-1和PT-2的细胞膜透性最小。叶绿素含量及超氧化物岐化酶活性均随干旱程度增加呈先增后降趋势。随干旱胁迫增加可溶性糖和脯氨酸均随之增大。在重度干旱胁迫下,无性系PT-1的可溶性糖含量最大。主成分分析得出,各无性系抗旱能力由强到弱为:XY-2、JY-1、XY-1、XY-3、PT-1、PT-3、PT-2。其中,XY-2、JY-1具有较强抗旱性,可初步作为抗旱材料进行后续研究。     

Comparative Morphological Studies of Microspore Derived and F2 Plants Obtained from an Interspecific Rice Hybrid Oryza sativa Linn. ×O. rufipogon Griff.)*

Anther culture of an interspecific rice hybrid from a cross of Oryza sativa× O. rufipogon was attempted. Of the 117 regenerated pollen clones, 56 could survive to maturity. A majority of these were either haploids or doubled haploids and very few turned out to be chromosomal variants. Comparative study of doubled haploids and the seed derived F₂ plants indicate the distinct advantages of anther culture techniques. (1) Androgenic plants, though few in number, showed greater ariation for all the traits with the exception of ear bearing tillers. (2) Predominance of recombinants with wild traits was observed in F₂ segregation. (3) It was possible to recover indica type recombinants among the anther-derived plants with one or two traits introgressed from O. rufipogon. These results suggest the feasibility and utility of anther culture in distant hybridization for incorporation of alien variation into cultivated rice.     

Factors influencing fruit size in the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)

Summary Fruit size is one of the most important characteristics of highly productive strawberry cultivars. The aim of the experiments was to establish the factors responsible for the expression of this trait. The total yield of large fruits correlates closely with the total yield of all fruits and depends mainly on the mean fruit weight of all fruits. The position of fruits on the inflorescence influences the decline of fruit size to a larger extent in small-fruited clones than in the large-fruited ones. The size of the fruit is controlled by the dimension of the receptacle and number of achenes. The stimulating effects of achenes are quite different in various genotypes and the fruit weight per achene declines with the inferior blossom position. The large-fruited clones have bigger leaves, a larger photosynthetic area, and thicker petioles and flower stalks. Their cells are larger, which is common for the giant genotypes. The results suggest that there exists a possibility for indirect selection of fruit size on the basis of some additional parameters, which can be useful particularily in the years of unsuitable weather conditions.