不同微生物添加剂组合固态发酵对木薯渣品质的影响

本试验旨在研究布氏乳杆菌(LAB)、黑曲霉(AN)、热带假丝酵母(CT)、枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)与植物乳杆菌(LAP)组合对木薯渣品质的影响,筛选出发酵效果最优的混合菌组合。试验以木薯渣为发酵原料,对LAB、AN、CT、BS与LAP进行不同菌种的菌液以1∶1体积比组合,共设5个不同组合,组合1:LAB+AN+CT+LAP;组合2:LAB+AN+BS+LAP;组合3:LAB+CT+BS+LAP;组合4:AN+CT+BS+LAP;组合5:LAB+AN+CT+BS+LAP;各组合分别添加1%尿素或者1%尿素+0.6%红糖,空白组不添加任何添加剂,对照组Ⅰ添加1%尿素;对照组Ⅱ添加1%尿素+0.6%红糖,各组均用生理盐水调制含水量为65%左右,于聚乙烯薄膜袋中真空发酵10 d。结果表明:1)不同微生物添加剂组合发酵木薯渣对木薯渣营养成分改善效果5菌组合优于4菌组合。其中,LAB+AN+CT+BS+LAP+尿素+红糖组合发酵木薯渣效果最好,与空白组相比显著降低了发酵木薯渣p H(P0.05),提高了乙酸和丙酸含量;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均为最低,显著低于空白组和对照组(P0.05);粗蛋白质(CP)含量最高,显著高于空白组和对照组(P0.05)。2)添加相应的菌种+尿素+红糖发酵木薯渣有利于产生丙酸。3)在发酵培养基中添加尿素能显著提高木薯渣CP含量(P0.05)。4)在木薯渣发酵过程中添加尿素+红糖比只添加尿素对木薯渣营养成分改善效果好。综上所述,LAB、AN、CT、BS与LAP组合添加尿素和红糖固态发酵木薯渣,可以有效改善木薯渣品质。     

粗粮型羊乳奶泡加工工艺的响应面优化

以羊乳、玉米面为主要原料,以产品的感官评分和硬度为响应值,利用响应面分析法对粗粮型羊乳奶泡的加工工艺进行优化。结果表明：最佳工艺参数为：玉米面与羊乳比例（m/V）0.435∶1、木糖醇与蔗糖比例（m/m）约0.712∶1、蔗糖酯（以质量分数计,下同）0.18%、β-环状糊精2.8%,柠檬酸0.0958%、明胶1.994%。研制出的产品不仅外观光滑、色泽均匀、口感清凉且甜度适中、兼有羊乳和玉米面的特有香味,感官分值达95.48分,硬度为371.95 g,适合于绝大部分人群,产品中的营养物质和保健成分也得以最大程度保留。     

Hypernatremia secondary to homemade play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to 2001

Objective: To correlate the sodium chloride dosage and the serum sodium concentration to clinical signs, to determine if the dosage of homemade play dough (and, therefore, sodium chloride) is the most reliable way to predict clinical signs and prognosis, and to review previously reported treatment options. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Fourteen dogs with a history of homemade play dough ingestion. Procedure: Cases were examined for each animal's signalment including body weight, age, approximate amount of play dough ingested, the estimated sodium chloride dosage, clinical signs, serum sodium concentration, and outcome when available. The literature was reviewed to determine pathophysiology and treatment regimens. Results: Twelve of 14 dogs (86%) that ingested homemade play dough showed clinical signs. Vomiting (9 of 14, 64%), polydipsia, and seizures (4 of 14 each, 29%) were the most common signs followed by polyuria, tremors (3 of 14 each, 21%), and hyperthermia (2 of 14, 14%). The lowest calculated dosage associated with objective clinical signs was 1.9 g/kg. Seizures were reported in all animals with serum sodium levels greater than 180 mEq/L. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Homemade play dough ingestion can be a serious and life‐threatening problem. Many factors can contribute to the toxicity of homemade play dough. This study indicates that the serum sodium concentration is a more reliable indicator of the clinical course of the toxicity rather than the amount of play dough and, therefore, the dosage of sodium chloride ingested. Treatment should be based on a clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory results, and consists of controlling seizures, reducing serum sodium concentrations slowly, and supportive care.     

日粮中添加不同比例木薯茎叶对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响

试验旨在研究将晒干的木薯茎叶以不同比例与精料混合制成的全混合日粮对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响。选择20只海南黑山羊,分成4组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组）,每组5只羊（3公2母）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的精料与木薯茎叶比例分别为3：7、4：6、5：5、6：4,试验期60 d。结果显示,Ⅲ组海南黑山羊的平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）均高于其他3组,且Ⅲ组ADG显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）;除了Ⅰ组谷丙转氨酶（ALT）显著高于Ⅳ组（P<0.05）外,其他血清生化指标在各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;Ⅲ组的饲料养分表观消化率均最高,且均呈Ⅰ组到Ⅲ组逐渐升高,Ⅳ组降低的趋势。综合以上结果,海南黑山羊育肥羊日粮中木薯茎叶与精料的适宜比例为5：5,在此基础上,也可适当降低精料含量,增加木薯茎叶含量,以达到降低饲养成本的目的,但建议木薯茎叶添加比例不宜超过60%。     

Effect of Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Rumen Degradability of Cassava Stems and Leaves Total Mixed Ration in Goat

The rumen degradations of TMR were studied in this experiment,in which cassava stems and leaves were used as roughage and formulated with concentrate in different proportions.The purpose of this study was to formulate the available TMR for finishing goat,and provide a theoretical basis for the applications of cassava stems and leaves in goat production.Six Hainan Black goats with permanent rumen fistulas were selected,the rumen degradabilities of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of TMR with 6 different concentrate to forage ratio（2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4 and 7:3）were tested using nylon bag method.The results showed that,the DM effective degradabilities at the ratio of 4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3 were significantly higher than that of 2:8 and 3:7（P<0.05).CP effective degradabilities at the ratio of 2:8,3:7,4:6 were significantly higher than that of 5:5,6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The NDF effective degradation at the ratio of 5:5 was significantly higher than that in the other groups（P<0.05).The ADF degradation at the ratio of 3:7 was significantly higher than that of 4:6,5:5, 6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The results indicated that,the nutrient degradation in rumen were higher when the concentrate to forage（cassava stems and leaves）ratio in TMR were 3:7,4:6 and 5:5,and the recommended ratio range were 4:6 to 5:5 in production practice.     

大麦粉替代不同比例玉米对奶牛生产性能的影响

选取泌乳天数、体重、产奶量相近的荷斯坦高产泌乳牛340头,随机分为试验组和对照组两组,每组170头.试验时间共28d,对照组全期饲喂全混合配方日粮(TMR),试验组分四阶段进行,每阶段7d,分别饲喂以10％、20％、30％、40％粉碎大麦粉替代玉米的TMR.结果发现:随着大麦粉替代玉米比例的增加,试验组采食量呈现下降趋...     

大米粉的猪回肠氨基酸真消化率测定

大米加工副产品大米粉长期以来被添加到米糠中利用，显著降低了其利用率。本试验用三头施以回直肠吻合术猪，采用单因子设计，以大米粉为半纯合日粮，无氮日粮由醋酸纤维素提供粗纤维来测定内源值，测定了大米粉的猪回肠末端氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率。大米粉的回肠末端氨基酸的表观消化率的平均值为76．20％，真消化率的平均值为85.86％。这些数据可为我国氨基酸消化率数据库提供参考，并且可作为以可消化氨基酸为基础配制日粮时的依据。     

干法灰化—石墨炉原子吸收法测定面制食品中铝含量

建立了面制食品中铝残留量的石墨炉原子吸收测定方法。通过干法灰化样品,筛选最佳石墨炉原子吸收分析条件,并对面制食品中铝进行测定。结果显示,该法在质量浓度20～50μg/L内呈线性关系,相关系数R=0.9998,回收率96.4%～98.5%,RSD为1.46%～3.32%;定量限下限7.35μg/L,最低检出质量浓度3.50μg/L。该方法结果符合要求,操作简便、快速、准确、干扰小、检出限低,适用于面制食品中铝含量的测定。     

沙蒿胶对荞麦面包品质的影响

将沙蒿胶不同添加量对面包比容、硬度、水分含量、高径比及感官品质的影响进行了研究.结果表明,在面包中添加0.5%沙蒿胶时,面包保水性较好,比容最大,同时也可延缓面包老化,对改善面包形状具有一定作用.     

十二烷基硫酸钠对大豆基木材胶黏剂的改性作用

采用10.0g·kg^-1的十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）改性质量分数为250.0g·kg^-1的大豆粉浆液,制成SDS改性大豆基木材胶黏剂（SF）,运用单因素和正交试验法考察了pH值、反应温度和反应时间对改性SF胶耐水胶合强度的影响。试验结果表明,SDS改性大豆基木材胶黏剂的最佳工艺：pH8,反应温度35℃,反应时间4h。改性后的SF胶Ⅱ类耐水胶合强度为0.70MPa。由红外光谱分析可知,SDS改性使大豆蛋白质分子大量的非极性基团外露,增加了蛋白质分子的疏水性,提高了改性SF胶的耐水胶合强度。图4表3参10