Improved techniques for the induction and isolation of polyploids in the genus Fragaria

Summary The sensitivity of Fragaria seedlings to colchicine is dependent on the plant organ that is treated. Complete immersion of seedlings in a 1.5% colchicine solution results in total lethality, whereas the survival rates were more than 75% even at concentrations of 3.0% when only shoot apices were treated. High proportions of polyploids were isolated by treating shoot apices of seedlings with a 2.0% colchicine solution for 24–28 h. The dropper method is preferred to the tube method as it involves a minimum of manipulation and requires simple equipment. A differential response to colchicine was observed within and between different diploid species, diploid and tetraploid hybrids.     

早春短命植物绵果荠愈伤组织诱导相关因素研究

绵果荠是分布在新疆北部准噶尔荒漠中的十字花科一年生早春短命植物。本研究为探讨绵果荠愈伤组织诱导条件,以无菌苗子叶为外植体,研究了不同苗龄、培养基种类、蔗糖浓度和培养条件对愈伤组织的诱导及其生长的影响。结果表明,1)愈伤组织诱导的最佳条件为:苗龄14 d、培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L BAP、含糖量3%、温度25℃和光照为黑暗。2)愈伤组织生长的适宜条件是光照16 h/d和温度25℃。     

Anesthetic concentrations in enclosed chambers using an innovative delivery device

OBJECTIVE: To quantify factors influencing anesthetic concentration when an innovative anesthetic delivery device (vapor wand) was used with enclosed chambers. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized study. METHODS: Two experimental chambers (57.4 and 171 L) were constructed. Anesthetic volumes necessary to reach a target concentration of 3% or 5% isoflurane with complete vaporization were calculated for each chamber. After centering the distal end of the vapor wand and multi-orifice sampler, each chamber was sealed. Air (450 mL) was cycled through the vapor wand in a to-and-fro fashion with an electric, modified air pump at either 20 or 40 cycles minute(-1). Samples taken at 30-second intervals were analyzed for isoflurane concentration. Times to reach 2.8% isoflurane concentration were compared for eight treatment combinations replicated three times. Curves were constructed to display the rate of rise to endpoint concentration. Analysis of variance was applied to the data. RESULTS: Chamber size, pump stroke rate, and target isoflurane concentration all affected time to reach 2.8%, and their three-way interaction was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Generally time to 2.8% was less with small chambers, more rapid pumping and a target concentration of 5%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When a wild or aggressive animal is presented for clinical veterinary care, introduction of a vapor wand into its cage offers a safer, more convenient, and less stressful alternative for anesthesia than transfer to an induction chamber. By quantifying factors affecting the rate of rise of anesthetic concentration with its use in experimental chambers, this study should promote greater safety and predictability when used clinically. This information will be useful when anesthetic induction needs to be hastened or delayed depending on the responses of the patient and the clinical judgment of the anesthetist.     

采用“诱乳素”诱导空怀母牛泌乳的效果分析

试验选择6头500—800kg屡配不孕的荷斯坦母牛采用“诱乳素”进行诱导泌乳处理。结果表明,“诱乳素”在春季对母牛处理后开始出现泌乳的时间有差异,但到23天后,其产奶量可逐渐达到20kg。对体重大的母牛,虽然诱导泌乳处理时加大了药物的剂量,处理的时间延长,但开始出现泌乳的时间却推迟到8～9天,达到产奶高峰的时间也较晚。采用“诱乳素”处理除了对空怀母牛有明显的诱导泌乳作用外,对母牛的诱导发情亦有明显的作用。采用“诱乳素”处理空怀母牛,不仅可以在短期内达到诱导泌乳的效果,而且可以改善母牛的生殖功能,使不发情的母牛发情趋于正常,提高了其繁殖率。     

多年生黑麦草高频再生体系的建立及农杆菌介导PEPC基因的转化

以多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)成熟种子作为外植体,建立其高频再生体系,通过农杆菌介导法将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因转入,为多年生黑麦草的抗逆转基因工作奠定基础。结果表明:种子充分灭菌后在附加6.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D的培养基中诱导愈伤组织,诱导率可达61.33%。愈伤组织在2,4-D浓度减半的培养基上继代培养长势良好,分化培养基为MS培养基附加1.0 mg·L^-16-BA,分化率最高达到61.33%,在1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中进行生根培养,生根率达100%。以该再生体系为基础,将获得的愈伤组织作为外植体进行遗传转化,经筛选培养后得到再生植株,通过PCR及实时荧光定量(Real-Time)PCR验证表明PEPC基因已成功转入,转化率为8.67%。试验结果将为多年生黑麦草抗性品种的研究奠定基础。     

不同外植体对多年生黑麦草愈伤组织诱导的影响

对多年生黑麦草的3个品种进行愈伤组织诱导,选取成熟种子、成熟胚、胚轴、胚根4种外植体。结果表明,胚轴、胚根诱导效果较差,成熟胚在愈伤组织的诱导率、鲜重及愈伤质量方面均优于成熟种子。2,4-D浓度在2~4mg/L,6-BA浓度为0.025mg/L时有利于成熟胚诱导产生愈伤组织;成熟种子为外植体时,2,4-D浓度在5~8mg/L,6-BA浓度在0.025mg/L或0.2mg/L有利于成熟种子诱导产生愈伤组织。2,4-D浓度为2mg/L,6-BA浓度为0.5mg/L时成熟胚和成熟种子诱导的愈伤组织鲜重均达到最大。特拉华在愈伤组织的诱导率、增殖速度及愈伤质量方面表现较优,托亚次之,尤文图斯较差。AC和LH有利于植株的再生。     

俄罗斯野麦草引种试验

俄罗斯野麦草青草产量,４７３７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,种子产量为２２９５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,抗逆性强,适应范围广,返青早,枯黄期迟,青绿期长,利用价值高,适宜甘肃省绝大多数牧区和半农半牧区推广种植。     

抗保幼激素诱导三眠蚕技术体系的研究

为研究抗保幼激素对三眠蚕的诱导效果,本试验通过优化诱导条件,以400ppm药液处理桑叶,给3龄和4龄饷食家蚕添食,3龄诱导区和4龄诱导区的三眠诱导率分别为94%和96%;全龄期分别为17d∶19h和15d∶19h,与对照相比龄期缩短2～4天,诱导的三眠蚕体质增强,茧丝纤度分别为1.224D和0.785D。     

外源激素对掌叶大黄愈伤组织诱导及种苗生根的影响

以掌叶大黄无菌苗为材料,研究不同外源激素浓度及配比对试管苗生根、愈伤组织诱导及增殖的影响。结果表明:掌叶大黄的根、茎、叶均可作为诱导愈伤组织的材料。2,4-D诱导愈伤组织的能力明显高于NAA,以2～3mg/L 2,4-D的诱导频率较高为87.93%～93.11%,诱导愈伤组织的适宜培养基为MS+2mg/L NAA+2mg/L 2,4-D+2mg/L 6-BA;6-BA对愈伤组织诱导频率无直接影响,但明显影响愈伤组织的增长量及生长状态。愈伤组织继代增殖以MS+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+1mg/L NAA+1mg/L 6-BA最好;MS+0.5mg/L IBA适宜于试管苗生根。     

家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展马红霞

从家蝇抗菌肽的分类、结构特点、作用机理、诱变、活性检验以及分子生物学研究等方面介绍了家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展。家蝇抗菌肽独特的作用机理、成熟的诱导、分离纯化技术及其相关基因的克隆、表达等研究成果均为对家蝇抗菌肽进行更深入的研究奠定了基础。采用分子生物学技术有望筛选并制备大量的高效家蝇抗菌肽。