藕粉红枣酥性饼干的工艺研究

将藕粉取代部分低筋粉并加入保健食材红枣,研制出更为营养美味的藕粉红枣酥性饼干。设置影响饼干品质较大的因素:藕粉添加量、枣浆添加量、糖粉添加量作为试验因子,通过单因素试验和正交试验,得出产品的最佳配方(以低筋粉和藕粉总质量为基准100%)为低筋粉添加量60%,藕粉添加量40%,糖粉添加量30%,枣浆添加量40%,黄油添加量43%,色拉油添加量24%,纯牛奶添加量5%;焙烤条件为上火180℃,下火120℃,烘烤时间10 min。在此条件下制作出的藕粉红枣酥性饼干色泽深红、口感酥脆、口味香甜、后味浓郁、枣香四溢。     

香椿韧性饼干的研制

[目的]将香椿和休闲食品结合研制出香椿韧性饼干,满足人们对新型香椿营养食品的要求.[方法]制定韧性饼干的感观品质评定标准及评定方法,通过正交试验确定普通韧性饼干最佳配方,在此配方基础上,添加香椿粉进行单因素分析确定香椿粉添加量,然后再通过正交试验优化配方,最终得出香椿韧性饼干的最佳配方.[结果]试验得出普通韧性饼干最佳配方为:面粉100 g(湿面筋含量为26％)、油16 g、糖20 g、水28 g;香椿韧性饼干最佳配方为:面粉100 g(湿面筋含量为26％)、油16 g、糖20 g、水28 g、香椿粉1.4 g;同时配方中还含有:碳酸氢钠0.8g、碳酸氢氨1.6g、单甘酯0.2g、焦亚硫酸钠0.1g、泡打粉0.6g.[结论]试验制得的香椿韧性饼干同时具有香椿的丰富营养和韧性饼干的外表美观、入口松脆、有耐嚼力等特点,丰富了我国的休闲食品市场.     

芒果饼干制作配方的研究

以芒果和低筋面粉为主要原料制作芒果饼干,通过正交试验优化主要原辅料的配比,确定芒果饼干的最佳配方为:低筋面粉56.82%,芒果浆25%,鸡蛋9.09%,白砂糖9.09%。以此配方制得的芒果饼干色泽金黄光亮,口感甜美酥脆,具有芒果特有的香气与营养。     

高粱乌米营养饼干的工艺研究

以沙面粉为主要原料,以高粱乌米粉为主要添加剂,研制出一种口感疏松、味道香美、营养丰富的高粱乌米营养饼干。以影响该种饼干品质及风味的高粱乌米粉添加量作为主要因素进行试验,通过单因素试验,确定各影响因素的适宜添加条件,并通过正交试验确定饼干各因素的最佳工艺配方：以沙面粉为基数添加乌米粉3%、油脂20%、绵白糖20%、疏松剂0.6%、水15%、鸡蛋4%。     

Production of Biscuit from Chinese Sturgeon Fish Fillet Powder (Acipeneser sinensis): A Snack Food for Children

ABSTRACT

Malnutrition in children is a current global burden. A common snack for children is biscuits prepared from cereals. However, these types of biscuits have low protein content. Therefore, producing healthier biscuits enriched with essential amino acids (EAAs) and other micronutrients is of great interest to researchers and manufacturers. In this study, biscuits produced from low gluten wheat flour fortified with sturgeon fillet powder (SFP) in various mixing ratios (100:0, 95:5, 93:7, and 90:10, respectively) were investigated. The results revealed that the nutritional and proximate composition of biscuits were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved: moisture (6.77 ± 0.06–7.65 ± 0.06), protein (13.23 ± 0.35–17.12 ± 0.02), fat (15.57 ± 0.18–15.85 ± 0.25), ash (0.84 ± 0.07–0.92 ± 0.06), spread ratio (14.0 ± 0.92–14.33 ± 0.21), and hardness (2,057.90 ± 28.33–3,089.02 ± 51.53). Total amino acids were 6.91, 9.34, 10.32, and 10.58; and EAAs were 2.43, 3.97, 4.48, and 4.22 g/100 g for 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% SFP, respectively. Leucine was the major amino acid with 5% and 10% SFP, while methionine was the major amino acid with 7% SFP. Fungal counts were not observed, and quality indices were below the maximum acceptable limits in the products. Biscuits supplemented with 7% SFP showed the highest sensory evaluation score. Overall, the inclusion of 7% SFP could produce protein enriched cereal-based fortified biscuits with acceptable sensory and quality attributes and ultimately could insure effective fish utilization and solve malnutrition problems.     

Semi-sweet biscuit making potential of soft wheat flour patent,middle-cut and clear mill streams made with native and reconstituted flours

The influence of patent, middle-cut and clear flour grades as native or reconstituted flour blends on both the rheological properties of the dough and the quality of semi-sweet biscuit (flour/sugar/fat/water ratio of 100/30/8/36) was studied. Moving from the central portion (patent) to the peripheral portion (clear) of the grain endosperm increased the dough hardness from 3.77 to 4.84 N, consistency from 19.3 to 25.5 N s, elongational viscosity from 4.13×10⁻⁵ to 5.54×10⁻⁵ Pa s, half-relaxation time from 0.45 to 0.59 s, but decreased the rate of relaxation from 4.51 to 3.09 s⁻¹ of the biscuit's dough produced with the native flours due to the wide variation in the physico-chemical properties of these fractions. Quantitatively, the fractionation/reconstitution procedure reduced moderately these rheological parameters, and the flour functionality could not be restored completely. Biscuits produced with the patent flour showed the largest length and lowest thickness, whilst the clear fraction led to production of denser biscuits with greater cohesion (mean tearing force) of the biscuit inner structure and also contain more grains or group of grains per unit of penetration (number of spatial ruptures). The biscuits made with the reconstituted flour fractions had almost equivalent dimensional characteristics, and excellent surface appearance, but were also darker in colour than their native flour counterparts.     

Flour constituent interactions and their influence on dough rheology and quality of semi-sweet biscuits: A mixture design approach with reconstituted blends of gluten, water-solubles and starch fractions

The aim of this study was to identify the biochemical parameters that alter the soft wheat flour functionality for biscuit-making quality. A 9-point simplex centroid was used to investigate the effect of varying the ratios of gluten, water-solubles and starch-fractions isolated from three different flour grades (patent, middle-cut and clear flours) which exhibited a wide range of compositional and functionality characteristics on the dough rheological behaviour and the semi-sweet biscuit quality parameters. The amounts of soluble and insoluble proteins and pentosans as well as the endogenous lipids in each flour fraction were quantified. Dough consistency, elongational viscosity, hardness, half-relaxation time, relaxation rate constant, cohesiveness and springiness as well as biscuit density, firmness, tearing force and spatial frequency for the different flour fraction combinations were also assessed. Regression models have been developed to predict the responses of the rheological attributes of the dough as well as the biscuit quality characteristics to the compositional changes of the flour blends; in addition to the main linear terms (concentration of starch, gluten and water-solubles isolated from the different flour grades), significant interaction terms were identified which cannot be neglected in any prediction scheme for the dough and biscuit properties. Contour plots were drawn in an effort to better understand the overall property responses of the dough and biscuits. Significant relationships among certain dough rheological parameters and biscuit characteristics were found, implying a functional role for the total, soluble and insoluble proteins, pentosans and lipids in biscuit making.     

促消化功能性韧性饼干的研制

鸡内金、陈皮、山楂是具有促消化作用的天然物质。通过正交试验确定三者在韧性饼干中的添加量,研制具有促消化功能的韧性饼干。在基本配方的基础上,确定最佳添加量(以面粉为基准)为:鸡内金1.0%,陈皮2.0%,山楂12.0%,可生产出色泽均匀、形状整齐、薄厚一致、酥松香甜、具有促消化功能的韧性饼干。     

微波山药莲藕饼干的研制

选用新鲜山药、莲藕为主要原料,应用单因素试验和正交试验法,对山药莲藕饼干的配方和微波烤制工艺进行了研究,试验得出最佳工艺配方。     

不同配料对威化饼干品质的影响

研究了不同配料对威化饼干感官品质和血糖生成指数的影响,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了威化饼干最佳配方及生产工艺参数。结果表明,当小麦粉添加量30%,荞麦粉添加量20%,红枣粉添加量5%,银杏粉添加量4%,黄油添加量10%,小苏打粉添加量0.4%,碳酸氢铵添加量0.4%,水添加量200%时,威化饼干的感官评分最高。不同配料对威化饼干的血糖生成指数影响不同,荞麦粉可以降低血糖生成指数,银杏粉不会改变饼干的血糖生成指数,而红枣粉导致威化饼干的血糖生成指数上升。