Natural Polyether Ionophores and Their Pharmacological Profile

This review is devoted to the study of the biological activity of polyether ionophores produced by bacteria, unicellular marine algae, red seaweeds, marine sponges, and coelenterates. Biological activities have been studied experimentally in various laboratories, as well as data obtained using QSAR (Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships) algorithms. According to the data obtained, it was shown that polyether toxins exhibit strong antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, and other activities. Along with this, it was found that natural polyether ionophores exhibit such properties as antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, cytostatic, anti-mycoplasmal, and antieczema activities. In addition, polyethers have been found to be potential regulators of lipid metabolism or inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Further study of the mechanisms of action and the search for new polyether ionophores and their derivatives may provide more effective therapeutic natural polyether ionophores for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. For some polyether ionophores, 3D graphs are presented, which demonstrate the predicted and calculated activities. The data presented in this review will be of interest to pharmacologists, chemists, practical medicine, and the pharmaceutical industry.     

沉水植物在水环境治理中的应用研究

淡水是人类生存不可或缺的珍贵资源,然而随着近年工业快速发展及人口大幅增加,水环境污染问题日益突出,进一步加剧了水资源短缺的矛盾。沉水植物因其各部分均可吸收养料且通气组织特别发达,常被用作水环境治理的先锋种,其具有去除氮磷、提高透明度、固定底泥、抑制蓝藻、微生物协同等重要作用。本文就沉水植物及其设计原则、作用原理展开阐述,并分析应用中存在的问题,展望未来研究方向,以期为沉水植物今后的应用与研究提供参考。     

临沂市水生植物的选择与应用

通过对临沂市常见的水生植物的名称,科属、观赏特征、生长区域、生态习性等方面进行详细地介绍,分析水生植物在临沂市应用存在的问题,根据水生植物的特点提出它在园林应用中的常见形式。     

北京市水产职业技能鉴定培训中的新模式—田间学校

为进一步开辟北京地区水产职业技能鉴定培训新的工作方法,探索长期有效地运行机制,通过对获得的信息进行综合分析,提出以农民田间学校为载体的培训新模式。     

水产品收购价格预测的时序组合模型研究

我国水产品市场已经出现了区域性、结构性的供大于求及价格持续下降的现象。为此，对水产品价格进行预测是必要的。以1978～1999年数据为样本，利用时序组合模型对2000年的水产品收购价格进行了预测研究。     

Investigation of Deep-Sea Ecosystems Using Marker Fatty Acids: Sources of Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Abyssal Megafauna

Abyssal seafloor ecosystems cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. Being formed by mainly heterotrophic organisms, they depend on the flux of particulate organic matter (POM) photosynthetically produced in the surface layer of the ocean. As dead phytoplankton sinks from the euphotic to the abyssal zone, the trophic value of POM and the concentration of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease. This results in pronounced food periodicity and limitations for bottom dwellers. Deep-sea invertebrate seston eaters and surface deposit feeders consume the sinking POM. Other invertebrates utilize different food items that have undergone a trophic upgrade, with PUFA synthesized from saturated and monounsaturated FA. Foraminifera and nematodes can synthesize arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), while some barophylic bacteria produce EPA and/or docosahexaenoic acid. FA analysis of deep-sea invertebrates has shown high levels of PUFA including, in particular, arachidonic acid, bacterial FA, and a vast number of new and uncommon fatty acids such as 21:4(n-7), 22:4(n-8), 23:4(n-9), and 22:5(n-5) characteristic of foraminifera. We suppose that bacteria growing on detritus having a low trophic value provide the first trophic upgrading of organic matter for foraminifera and nematodes. In turn, these metazoans perform the second-stage upgrading for megafauna invertebrates. Deep-sea megafauna, including major members of Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Polychaeta display FA markers characteristic of bacteria, foraminifera, and nematodes and reveal new markers in the food chain.     

水产生物基因组研究进展与趋势

本文综述了水产生物基因组研究相关技术的发展历程和关键技术的应用。以二代测序技术的出现为分界点,首先回顾了早期水产养殖生物在遗传学和分子生物学方面的研究结果,以及为开展全基因组测序所做的相关基础研究,然后重点介绍了二代测序技术应用于水产生物全基因组测序和经济性状遗传基础解析的研究进展,最后展望了水产生物基因组研究发展趋势。水产生物经济性状遗传机制高度复杂,从全基因组角度阐明其遗传机制仍有很多难题,但基因决定性状是生物学法则之一,探索这一过程的奥秘引人入胜。     

Breaking the ice: the introduction of biofouling organisms to Antarctica on vessel hulls

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Capricious bioinvasions versus uncoordinated management strategies: how the most unlikely invaders can prosper under the current UK legislation framework

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气相色谱法测定水产品中氯霉素残留

介绍了水产品中氯霉素残留量测定的气相色谱法。样品中的氯霉素用乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷去脂肪,过Sep-C18柱进行净化,用BSTFA-TMCS衍生后进带有微电子俘获器的气相色谱仪检测。该方法的线性范围为0.5～500μg·L-1,相关系数r=0.999,最低检测限为0.1μg·kg-1,相对标准偏差为4.3%～11.0%,向样品中分别添加1μg·kg-1、10μg·kg-1和20μg·kg-13个浓度水平的氯霉素,回收率分别为62.0%、88.2%和96.4%。方法灵敏度高,准确可靠,适合水产品中氯霉素残留量的检测。