一类正规矩阵的反问题

In this paper, we consider the inverse problems for a kinds of normal matrices. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of solution of these problems are given. The expression of the general solution is given.     

An aggregation index (AI) to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes

There is often need to measure aggregation levels of spatial patterns within a single map class in landscape ecological studies. The contagion index (CI), shape index (SI), and probability of adjacency of the same class (Qi), all have certain limits when measuring aggregation of spatial patterns. We have developed an aggregation index (AI) that is class specific and independent of landscape composition. AI assumes that a class with the highest level of aggregation (AI =1) is comprised of pixels sharing the most possible edges. A class whose pixels share no edges (completely disaggregated) has the lowest level of aggregation (AI =0). AI is similar to SI and Qi, but it calculates aggregation more precisely than the latter two. We have evaluated the performance of AI under varied levels of (1) aggregation, (2) number of patches, (3) spatial resolutions, and (4) real species distribution maps at various spatial scales. AI was able to produce reasonable results under all these circumstances. Since it is class specific, it is more precise than CI, which measures overall landscape aggregation. Thus, AI provides a quantitative basis to correlate the spatial pattern of a class with a specific process. Since AI is a ratio variable, map units do not affect the calculation. It can be compared between classes from the same or different landscapes, or even the same classes from the same landscape under different resolutions.     

The Stability of Quaternion Metrices and Their Judging Criteria

Some conceptions of stable quaternion matrices and some judging criteria are given.The Robrach theorem,Taussky theorem,Ostrowski Schneider theorem and Gerschgorin theorem are generalized to quaternion field.The conclusion about two quaternion matrices,i.e.,inferior positive matrices are unstable,interior negative matrices are stable and some other results are pointed out.     

机器人稳态分析的一种新方法

提出一种机器人稳态分析新方法,以D-H矩阵的逆矩阵,构建由工具坐标系到机械臂关节空间坐标系之间的线性射映关系,即一种新型的雅可比矩阵,由此导出由工具坐标系到关节坐标系之间力和力矩的传递函数。和传统的稳态分析方法相比,减少矩阵叉积次数,且能得出和关节空间力和力矩关系相一致的表态式,并能用D-H矩阵验证求解的正确性。     

固定化酶载体的研究现状及其应用

研制开发性能优异的固定化载体,已成为固定化酶技术最为活跃的研究方向之一。固定化酶在生物及生物工程、环境化工、食品、医药等领域得以迅速发展,其中,结合现代分析仪器,固定化酶反应器(IMER)将成为固定化酶应用的一个新领域。本文对近几年来固定化酶载体的制备及固定化酶的应用进行了综述。     

不同磷肥用量对水稻土有机碳矿化和细菌群落多样性的影响

以水稻田田间定位试验为研究对象,利用三维荧光光谱技术(3D EEMs)和454测序技术,采集4个施磷水平(0、30、60、90 kg hm-2a-1)土壤,测定其有机碳矿化、溶解有机碳(DOC)组成和结构特征及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化。结果显示:水田施磷增加了土壤速效磷(Olsen-P),从而提高了土壤DOC含量,加速了有机碳的矿化速率和累积矿化量。3D EEMs结果表明,施磷分别显著增加了荧光指数和鲜度指数值1%~10%和3%~21%,而降低了腐殖化指数,且与土壤生化性质(Olsen-P、DOC和β-葡萄糖苷酶)具有显著相关性。说明施磷通过提高Olsen-P,促进了微生物源DOC的生成,同时降低了DOC的芳香化程度、分子量及腐殖化程度,从而提高了DOC生物可降解性。同时,施磷提高了细菌群落的丰度和多样性,特别是磷诱导了多种具有碳降解功能细菌的增加,从而加速了复杂有机碳的降解和甲烷氧化。此外,主成分分析表明稻田磷素施用量在30~60 kg hm-2a-1时对土壤有机碳矿化及细菌群落多样性的提高作用最为明显。因此,适度施磷能显著提高涉碳降解微生物的活性,从而提高DOC的生物可降解性,加速有机碳的矿化速率,促进稻田土壤有机碳循环。     

矩阵可对角化的充要条件及其相似变换矩阵的构造

本文证明了Ｎ阶矩阵与对角形矩阵相似的两个充要条件，并提供了一种构造可对角化矩阵的相似变换矩阵的简易方法。     

富勒烯C 4 0的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31+G*对富勒烯C40的各个异构体进行了计算研究,对它们的几何构型、相对能量、HOMO-LUMO能量间隙进行比较分析.结果显示,异构体遵循五元环比邻惩罚规则,稳定性高的异构体通常具有更高的正球形,最稳定的异构体是含有10个B55键的C40-38.     

Spatial optimization by simulated annealing and linear programming

Forest management planning comprises selection among treatment alternatives in management units. A traditional linear programming (LP) approach may effectively account for a profit maximization objective combined with sustainability constraints, e.g. on the temporal distribution of harvest volume flows, cash‐flow, and net present value development, but it fails to account for spatial constraints, especially those associated with final felling. By applying a simulated annealing adjacency model based on net present value maximization and combined with an LP consequence computation model, it is possible to delineate optimal strategies of final felling scheduling. Evaluation is made of the trade‐off between (1) the incremental cost (determined by use of the LP model) of an optimal adjacency model solution, and (2) the potential damage cost resulting from adjacency characteristics such as windthrow and bark injuries. The decision support system may contribute significantly to reduce damage costs and may improve the reliability of forest management planning.