南方水稻籼改粳与“青森5号事件”——20世纪50年代发生的一起重大引种事故

建国初期,各级政府习惯用战争年代开展"群众运动"的做法指导农业生产,"青森5号事件"是一起典型的违反科学规律和自然规律、不尊重科学家意见,盲目引种造成水稻大面积减产事例。《人民日报》发表社论,针对北种南移、远程调运造成减产的问题,批评在种子工作中存在的盲目调种、急于求成、强迫命令现象。最后由政府承担了"盲目引种"造成损失的责任。"青森5号事件"催生了农作物品种区域试验制度,以及"自繁、自选、自留、自用,辅之以调剂"(通称为"四自一辅")种子工作方针。     

对CALIS中外文对照工具书101字段第一指示符取值的探讨

对CALIS中外文对照工具书的101字段第一指示符的取值情况进行了调研,对取值不规范、不统一的实例进行了归纳总结;结合编目工作实际,分析、探讨了中外文对照读物101字段第一指示符的取值原则。     

Poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants - field observations

Data from post-mortem and field studies were obtained that discussed poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants. From the notes, all plants studied caused death in ostriches and there was systemic organ damage. Poisoning from Sarcostemma viminale (Melktou) resulted in beak patting, muscular tremors and head flopping, followed by collapse and violent kicking before death. Ingestion of Combretum oatesii (Red wings) seeds from plants in free grazing pastures resulted in vomiting, restlessness, eyelid flicking, collapse and kicking movements. Dichapetalum cymosum (Gifblaar) killed an ostrich after episodes of shaking legs, rapid respiration and bradycardia and hyperaemia of the lungs, liver and kidneys. Poisoning from Senecio sceleratus (Ragwort) caused skin haemorrhages and bleeding in tracheal mucous membranes, the pericardium, diaphragm and interperitoneal membrane. Consumption of drupes from Melia azedarach (Syringa berry) caused muscle tremors, kicking movements and respiratory distress. Lantana camara (Cherry pie) poisoning resulted in extremely inflamed eyes with copious yellow exudates extending down their beaks and onto their necks. Bentonite was administered by gavage at a dose of 5 g/kg. Poisoning in these cases is usually associated with the farmer allowing his/her birds to roam free-range in paddocks in which toxic plants are growing. Toxic plants should be removed from grass cut for hay. The author is willing to send photographs of all poisonous plants if requested by a reader.     

植物源农药苦参碱对部分桑园害虫的毒力及田间防治效果

为了探讨从传统中草药苦参中提取的苦参碱用于桑树害虫防治的可行性,用2%苦参碱稀释药液对部分桑园害虫进行室内毒力测定和田间防治试验,并检测其对家蚕的安全性。结果表明,2%苦参碱对桑尺蠖、桑毛虫、棉大造桥虫、红腹灯蛾、白毛虫有较强的毒力,其LC50分别为23.55、28.73、28.52、30.71、25.61 mg/L,以1 500倍稀释药液对上述5种害虫室内处理24 h后的死亡率为92.18%～96.78%,并且具有较好的田间防治效果,24 h虫口退减率为89.81%～96.00%;对桑园微型害虫桑蓟马和朱砂叶螨也有较强的毒力和防治效果,1 500倍稀释药液室内处理24 h后的死亡率分别为95.52%、98.07%,田间防治24 h虫口退减率分别为90.61%、92.55%;对桑螟、野桑蚕的毒力较低,LC50分别为364.47和351.01 mg/L,1 500倍稀释药液对2种害虫室内处理24 h后的死亡率仅有3.13%和3.83%,田间防治24 h虫口减退率分别为18.06%、8.70%。用2%苦参碱的2 000倍、1 500倍、1 000倍稀释药液喷施桑树后,对家蚕的安全间隔期分别为4、8、32 h,安全间隔期后采摘桑叶喂蚕,对家蚕的生长发育和产茧量性状无不良影响。根据试验结果初步认为:苦参碱对桑园害虫防治具有选择性药效,如果桑园害虫的优势种群为桑尺蠖、棉大造桥虫、桑毛虫、红腹灯蛾、白毛虫、桑蓟马、朱砂叶螨,可以考虑采用苦参碱进行防治。     

管理方式对华北驼绒藜生长及种子产量、质量的影响

研究施肥、浇水等不同管理措施对华北驼绒藜生长及种子产量、质量的影响。结果表明,适宜的田间管理可以提高华北驼绒藜的株高、枝条数、种子产量和质量。其中3次施肥+喷钾增产增质效果优于其它处理。3次施肥为最佳施肥方式。浇水及喷施钾肥对促进华北驼绒藜营养生长和提高种子产量、质量没有明显的作用。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病河北野毒株的分离研究

采用血清学方法、鸡胚培养、病理组织学检查方法,从河北省不同年份鸡ＩＢＤ免疫鸡群中分离和鉴定了ＨＥ９３,ＨＧ９６,ＸＮ９８和ＨＱ９９ ４个毒株,４个毒株回归鸡的死亡率分别为５０％,４０％,０％和１０％,从年份上看,ＩＢＤＶ毒力有逐渐减弱的趋势。接种鸡胚并传代,前２个毒株均在第一代时鸡胚全部死亡,且出现典型的鸡胚病变,而后２个毒株,初代培养鸡胚不死亡,当传至第４代才出现大部分死亡和鸡胚病变。ＨＥ９３、     

Evaluation of single and double centrifugation tube methods for concentrating equine platelets

The aim of this study was to evaluate single and double centrifugation tube methods for concentrating equine platelets. Whole blood samples were collected from clinically normal horses and processed by use of single and double centrifugation tube methods to obtain four platelet concentrates (PCs): PC-A, PC-B, PC-C, and PC-D, which were analyzed using a flow cytometry hematology system for hemogram and additional platelet parameters (mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, mean platelet component concentration, mean platelet component distribution width). Concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta(1)) were determined in all the samples. Platelet concentrations for PC-A, PC-B, PC-C, and PC-D were 45%, 44%, 71%, and 21% higher, respectively, compared to the same values for citrated whole blood samples. TGF-beta(1) concentrations for PC-A, PC-B, PC-C, and PC-D were 38%, 44%, 44%, and 37% higher, respectively, compared to citrated whole blood sample values. In conclusion, the single and double centrifugation tube methods are reliable methods for concentrating equine platelets and for obtaining potentially therapeutic TGF-beta(1) levels.     

草坪型高羊茅种子活力的研究

对美国俄勒冈州引入的六个种子批的草坪型高羊茅种子用加速老化测定法、电导率测定法、温室出苗测定法、田间出苗测定法和标准发芽测定法进行的种子活力研究表明：不同种子批的活力有明显的差异。标准发芽测定中高发芽率且差异不显著的种子批其加速老化后的发芽率、田间出苗率、电导率都有显著的差异。加速老化后的发芽率、电导率与田间出苗率之间都存在极显著的相关关系。加速老化后的发芽率比标准发芽率测定的发芽率更接近田间出苗率。从高发芽率到低发芽率种子批也表现出种子活力从高到低，但标准发芽测定的发芽率从高到低降低的速度较加速老化后的发芽率和田间出苗率降低的速度缓和的多。各种子批的千粒重与种子活力、种苗芽长和种苗芽重之间不存在极显著的相关关系，但种苗的芽长和芽重在某种程度上受种子大小的影响。     

水稻恶苗病防治药剂效果评价

为探明水稻恶苗病药剂防治现状,采用菌丝生长速率法分别检测了12种原药及12种制剂对多菌灵和咪鲜胺双重抗性藤仓镰孢菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)的室内毒力,并分别于2016和2017年进行了12种制剂的田间药效试验。室内毒力检测结果表明,12种原药抑菌活性强弱依次为戊唑醇>氰烯菌酯>咪鲜胺>咯菌腈>多菌灵>甲基硫菌灵>乙蒜素>嘧菌酯>噁霉灵>福美双>精甲霜灵>甲霜灵;12种制剂抑菌活性强弱依次为0.25%戊唑醇FS>25%氰烯菌酯SC>25%咪鲜胺EC>20%氰烯菌酯?杀螟丹WP>25g/L咯菌腈FS>16%咪鲜胺?杀螟丹WP>62.5g/L精甲霜灵?咯菌腈FS>22%氟唑菌苯胺FS>12%甲?嘧?甲霜灵FS>17%多菌灵?福美双FS>17%杀螟丹?乙蒜素WP>15%噁霉灵WP。2年田间试验结果表明,12种制剂推荐剂量下对水稻恶苗病防效高低依次为22%氟唑菌苯胺FS>25%氰烯菌酯SC>20%氰烯菌酯?杀螟丹WP>17%杀螟丹?乙蒜素WP>62.5g/L精甲霜灵?咯菌腈FS>12%甲?嘧?甲霜灵FS>0.25%戊唑醇FS>25%咪鲜胺EC>16%咪鲜胺?杀螟丹WP>25 g/L咯菌腈FS>17%多菌灵?福美双FS>15%恶霉灵WP。22%氟唑菌苯胺FS、25%氰烯菌酯SC、20%氰烯菌酯?杀螟丹WP等3种制剂在水稻恶苗病防治及抗性治理中具备更为优良的应用前景。本研究为水稻恶苗病防治提供了科学依据。     

Effect of eleutheroside B/E on proliferation and expression of PPARγ and TGF-β1 in HBZY-1 cells cultured with high glucose

AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of eleutheroside (ETS) B or E on the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells treated with high glucose. METHODS: The HBZY-1 cells were cultured under high glucose condition. The 4th generation of HBZY-1 cells was used for determining the optimal cell density, which was consistent with the growth regulation curve of the cells. The cells were divided into 6 groups: low glucose (LG) group, high glucose (HG) group, high glucose plus ETS-B/E (low dose, medium dose and high dose) groups, and high glucose plus losartan (LTG) group. After all cells were treated with the corresponding drugs at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the inhibitory rate of the proliferation was measured, and the expression of TGF-β1 and PPARγ was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: The best cell density was 2 000 cells/well, which was complied with the basic rules of the cell growth, and high glucose significantly promoted the HBZY-1 cell proliferation. At each time point, the inhibitory effects of ETS-B/E were significantly different between HG group and LTG group on the proliferation of the HBZY-1 cells (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly inhibited, and the expression of PPARγ was significantly promoted by ETS-B/E (P<0.05). ETS-E showed stronger effect than ETS-B (P<0.05) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: ETS-B/E significantly inhibits the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells under high glucose condition by decreasing TGF-β1 expression and promoting PPARγ expression.