冷凝法回收油气的经济性分析

为分析冷凝法回收挥发油气的经济性,结合中国石化长岭分公司在油气装车时检测的由14种气体组成的油气混合物及其组分浓度数据,对采用三级冷凝工艺回收挥发油气的方案进行建模和计算.3级制冷系统分别采用R22、R404A和R508B作为制冷工质,得到各级制冷系统的制冷系数及其能量消耗结果,采用ChemCAD软件获得油气回收效率,通过计算求得制冷系统年平均运行能耗、运行费用、初期投资和收益.分析结果表明：采用冷凝法对油气进行回收时,该工艺系统投运一年内即可完全收回初期投资和当年运行费用,且当处理油气量为40 kg/h时,当年净盈利可以达到4.487 1×104元,年平均净收益远大于年平均总投资.（表5,图1,参4）     

Hydrolysis and Condensation of Silane Agent for Metallic Surface Treatment

Novel surface treatment technique by silane film is developing for metallic anti corrosion and coat improvement. The key points, hydrolysis and condensation, for the stability of the Silane agent(SA) solution is investigated, and the effective factors of stability for silane agent solution and the relative rule are discussed. It is found that stability of SA solution is related to the temperature, pH, solvents, SA concentration and additive by studying the state of the solution and the conductivity-time curve of SA solution. Meanwhile, controlling factors and improving methods for SA stability are proposed to guide the practical application of metallic surface anti-corrosion treatment by SA.     

Experiment for Condensing Heat Transfer Performance in a New Type of Horizontal Three Dimensional Inner Microfin Tubes

A new type of three dimenstional inner microfin tube is devoloped. Under four different pressures and in the range of condensing mass velocities from 33 to 153 kg/m2 . s,and by the experimental study of the three kinds of tubes with different microfin parameters, the performances of the condensation heat transfer for R11 in the horizontal microfin tubes and obtained. The experiments show that the inner microfin tube is a hopeful and nighty effective condensing heat transfer enhancement tube.     

Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficient on the Horizontal Circular Surface with Radial Gradient Surface Energy

A theoretical model is developed for the dropwise condensation heat transfer on the horizontal circular surface with radial gradient surface energy based on the heat transfer model of individual condensate drop and the size distribution model of condensate drop on homogeneous condensation surface.The effect of variation of contact angle on the gradient surface on condensation heat transfer and condensate drop size distribution is taken account of in this model.The theoretical calculation method was obtained to predict the dropwise condensation heat transfer coefficient on the horizontal circular surface with radial gradient surface energy under various wall subcooled temperature,contact angle profile on wall surface,and working fluid.The effects of surface energy gradient,wall subcooled temperature,and thermophysical properties of condensate on the condensation heat transfer are discussed respectively.The calculation results show that the condensation heat transfer coefficient increases slightly with the increase of wall subcooled temperature.As latent heat and surface tension increasing,the condensation heat transfer coefficient increases.A larger surface energy gradient induces a larger condensation heat transfer coefficient.     

半湿润沙地凝结水的初步研究

本文通过一系列实地土壤凝结水（包括吸湿水）测定和实验，对所得的基本数据进行综合分析，提出土壤凝结水（包括吸湿水）的主要控制因素，是土壤的机械组成，尤以〈０．００１粘粒含量为主；土壤凝结水与气象条件密切相关，与０ｃｍ、５ｃｍ、１０ｃｍ地温和气温变化呈现相同周期，与相对湿度变化有相关关系。并说明林冠下沙地凝结水量变化比裸地凝结水量小。     

含铜氮配键腰果酚醛缩聚物的特性及表征

腰果酚醛树脂中含有较活泼的酚羟基，略显酸性，易受碱的腐蚀。先由共缩聚法得到以苯胺改性的腰果酚醛缩聚物，再使之与CuCl2反应，合成含铜一氮配键腰果酚醛缩聚物。用IR、动态粘弹谱(DMTA)、TG和其他手段对产物的结构和理化性能进行表征。结果表明，金属铜离子与苯胺分子中氮原子形成配位健，增大了涂膜内部的交联度，使分子链间形成更大的网状结构。因此，含铜-氮配键腰果酚醛涂膜的物理机械性能、热稳定性、耐化学介质尤其是耐碱性能得到很大的改善。     

Condensation reactions of phenolic resins V: cure-acceleration effects of propylene carbonate

Propylene carbonate (PC) is known as one of the cure accelerators for alkaline phenol–formaldehyde resins. To elucidate the cure-acceleration mechanisms, the effects of PC on the condensation reactions of monomeric hydroxymethylphenols (HMPs) were investigated and compared with those of PC hydrolysate, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and ethyl formate. Immediately after the reaction started, PC, decomposing itself simultaneously, accelerated the formation of the ortho-para methylene-bonded dimer of 2,4,6-trihydroxymethylphenol. This effect of PC was very similar to that of ethyl formate. To the contrary, PC hydrolysate accelerated the formation of the para-para methylene-bonded dimer throughout the course of the reaction. This effect of PC hydrolysate was identical to that of NaHCO₃. These results indicate that PC increases the reactivity of the ortho-hydroxymethyl group, presumably through transesterification. On the other hand, NaHCO₃ is formed by the hydrolysis of PC or decomposition of the transesterified HMPs and it increases the reactivity of the para-hydroxymethyl group.     

利用冷凝技术提高油田加热炉热效率

叙述了冷凝技术提高加热炉热效率的涵义,介绍了国内改造加热炉的技术现状及不足,对在加热炉上应用冷凝技术来降低排烟温度,回收利用烟气中水蒸气的汽化潜热,以达到提高热效率的可行性进行了分析,提出了冷凝技术在加热炉上应用的工艺设想,指出了影响冷凝技术提高加热炉热效率的主要因素,以及冷凝技术在加热炉上应用的意义。     

中孔活性炭吸附等温式

在 BET吸附理论和杨氏气体吸附理论的基础上 ,应用内插法拟合 ,找到了与实验曲线相吻合的中孔活性炭吸附等温式 ,并对其机理进行探讨