安徽省北部地区猪高热病流行病学调查

2008年7月,安徽省北部地区生猪出现疫病,表现为不食、高热等特征,为查明病因,进行流行病学调查,同时采集发病猪群样品进行病原学和血清学检测。结果137份血清样品中,HPRRSV、PRRSV、PPV带毒率分别为25.5%、23.4%、37.9%;PRRSV、SIV(H1N1、H3N2)抗体阳性率分别为86.5%、9.49%和3.65%,仔猪CSFV抗体免疫合格率为50%;6份组织样品中HPRRSV、PRRSV、CSFV、PRV、PPV带毒率分别为50%、100%、66.7%、33.3%、33.3%。表明引起本次猪病为PRRSV、CSFV、PPV等多种病原体混合感染。     

枣棉间作下不同种植密度对棉花生理特性及产量的影响

[目的]探索枣棉间作条件下不同种植密度对棉花生理特性及产量的影响,筛选出适宜间作的棉花种植密度,以期为南疆果棉立体种植模式的研究提供理论依据.[方法]在枣棉间作条件下,设置高、中、低3个密度水平(31.27×104、25.01×104和20.84×104株/hm2),研究枣棉间作对棉花光合特性、干物质积累和产量的影响.[结果]枣棉间作条件下,25.01×104 株/hm2密度在各个时期的净光合速率较大,蒸腾速率最低值出现时间较晚,冠层结构合理,生育后期有较高的群体光合速率,光合物质累积多,皮棉产量较高.[结论]枣棉间作下不同的种植密度会对棉花生长发育特性以及产量有一定的影响,而适宜的种植密度则能优化这种立体种植模式.     

桉树种间杂种的比较和选择研究

对 13个尾叶桉×细叶桉杂种、10个尾叶桉×赤桉杂种、1个尾叶桉× (尾叶桉×细叶桉 )杂种、1个尾叶桉种内控制授粉子代、5个尾叶桉母本的自由授粉子代和 1个尾叶桉×细叶桉F1自由授粉子代的比较研究表明 ,家系间树高、胸径和材积的差异均达 0 0 1显著水平。选择出优良杂种和子代 14个以及优良单株 12株。优良单株可以作为无性系比较试验的材料 ,优良杂种的优良单株可以用于建立下一世代的育种群体。这为优良杂种单株的无性系化和进一步的桉树杂交育种提供了有效的遗传材料。     

上海地区猪和奶牛血清中TTV（Torque Teno virns）感染的检测

于2009年3～5月采集上海地区的200份牛血清和400份猪血清,采用ELISA和荧光PCR方法检测其TTV（Torque Teno virus）感染状况。经ELISA检测,牛血清样品中检出阳性数2份,阳性率1．0％;猪血清样品中共检出阳性数15份,阳性率3．75％,其中生产母猪和育肥肉猪的阳性率分别为5．5％和2．0％,而荧光PCR检测结果均为阴性。结果表明上海地区猪和牛TTV感染现状处于较低水平。     

Investigations of the maintenance system of the Konik Polski horse and its effects on fecal microbiota activity during the winter and summer seasons

Gastrointestinal microbiota play a key role in the nutrients digestion and hence maintaining animal health and welfare. The diet offered to the animals in captivity may differ considerably from that on natural pastures. In a stabled maintenance system, horses have a limited choice of habitat and feed. Time spend for feeding is relevant for equine welfare because the reduction of the time devoted for foraging may be responsible for inducing gastric inflammation and ulceration. Therefore, in the present study, it was hypothesized that fecal bacterial fermentative processes differ between free-roaming and stabled Konik Polski Horses (KPHs) with respect to microbial enzymatic activity, and thus the fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which can be further utilized for assessing the feeding behavior and welfare in free-roaming versus stabled horses. The SCFA concentration and profile, as well as the extracellular and intracellular activities of selected bacterial enzymes, were characterized in horse feces collected during the winter and summer feeding seasons. The results showed higher enzymatic activity and SCFA production in the feces excreted by free-roaming versus stabled horses, especially during summer. An increase in pasture plant diversity may be beneficial for the gastrointestinal microbiota and hence for maintaining health and welfare.     

猪瘟免疫猪接种PRRSV Nsp2Δ1882-2241弱毒疫苗后免疫应答及T细胞表型变化特征

选择17头28日龄的CSFV和PRRSV抗体均为阴性的仔猪,于试验的第1天和第14天分别对其进行猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗（兔源）和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征Nsp2A1882—2241弱毒疫苗免疫。在免疫后的第28、42天采集外周血液,分析特异性抗体表达量和外周血T淋巴细胞表型的变化,评估猪瘟免疫对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫的影响。结果显示,在CSF免疫后第28、42天,CSFV高抗组中的CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋、CD4^＋CD8^＋和CD4-CD8数目均比CSFV低抗组高,CD3^＋和CD8^＋细胞数量比CSFV低抗组低;PRRS高抗组中,CD4CD8-细胞含量高于PRRS低抗组;在CSF免疫后第28天,CSFV抗体产生较高（阳性比率为73．33％）,PRRSV抗体产生较低（阳性比率仅为6．67％）。在CSF免疫后的第42天,CSF高抗组中PRRSV抗体阳性比率较CSF低抗组高8．33％。结果表明,CSFV特异性抗体产生高时能增加PRRSV特异性细胞免疫应答,增加CD4^＋细胞、CD4^＋CD8^＋细胞数量,提高机体免疫水平。CD3＋和CD4CD8-细胞应答作用值得重视。     

高效液相色谱法测定猪血浆及组织中喹赛多及其脱二氧代谢物

建立了测定猪血浆及肝脏、肾脏、肌肉等组织中的喹赛多及其代谢物脱二氧喹赛多的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法.血浆样用甲醇沉淀蛋白后离心取上清液进样测定.组织样先用乙腈匀浆,用正己烷脱脂后作HPLC检测.色谱柱为ODS C18柱;流动相血浆样测定为乙腈水(2080),组织样测定为甲醇水(4258),流速为1.0 mL/min;紫外检测波长305 nm.药物工作液质量浓度范围为0.005～0.500 mg/L时,血浆样品及组织样品测定条件下药物质量浓度与响应值均具良好线性关系,相关系数＞0.999.血浆中药物质量浓度为0.02、0.10、0.50 mg/L时,喹赛多及脱二氧喹赛多的回收率均大于70%,组织中药物含量为0.05、0.20、1.00μg/g时,肌肉样品的回收率均大于70%,肝脏、肾脏样品则为50%～80%.本试验条件下,喹赛多及其脱二氧代谢物的最低检出质量浓度,血浆样品分别为0.01、0.02mg/L,组织样品2种检测物均为0.025μg/g.测定了工作液3种质量浓度0.01、0.05、0.25 mg/L的仪器精密度,日内相对偏差＜8.0%,日间相对偏差＜17.0%.     

Characterization of culture supernatant proteins from Brucella abortus and its protection effects against murine brucellosis

In this study, we characterized the secreted proteins of Brucella abortus into the enriched media under the bacterial laboratory growth condition and investigated the pathogenic importance of culture supernatant (CS) proteins to B. abortus infection. CS proteins from stationary phase were concentrated and analyzed using 2D electrophoresis. In MALDI TOF/TOF analysis, more than 27 proteins including CuZn SOD, Dps, Tat, OMPs, Adh, LivF, Tuf, SucC, GroEL and DnaK were identified. Cytotoxic effects of CS proteins were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells. Upon B. abortus challenge into phagocytes, however, CS proteins pre-treated cells exhibited lower bacterial uptake and intracellular replication compared to untreated cells. Immunization with CS proteins induced a strong humoral and cell mediated immune responses and exhibited significant higher degree of protection against virulence of B. abortus infection compared to mice immunized with Brucella broth protein (BBP). Taken together, these results indicate that B. abortus secreted a number of soluble immunogenic proteins under laboratory culture condition, which can promote antibody production resulted in enhancing host defense against to subsequently bacterial infection. Moreover, further analysis of CS proteins may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of B. abortus infection and host–pathogen interaction.     

The effect of different dietary sodium levels on blood mineral concentrations and tibia mineralization in turkeys

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary levels of sodium in diets with and without sodium chloride on mineral metabolism, including blood electrolyte levels and tibia mineralization parameters, in young turkeys (to six weeks of age). The influence of diets with a low (L), medium (M) and high (H) sodium content, at 0.34, 1.34 and 2.82 g/kg respectively, was compared. The content of chloride and potassium in turkey diets (1.7 - 5.9 and 11 g/kg, respectively) was above the recommended levels. The sodium-deficient diet L decreased the serum concentrations of sodium, chloride and phosphorus, and it increased the serum levels of calcium and magnesium in turkeys, compared with groups M and H. Relative to group L, different dietary sodium levels in groups M and H contributed to a similar increase in the body weights of birds (1.06 vs. 1.46 and 1.44 kg, p < 0.001) and in the absolute (4.60 vs. 6.83 and 6.62 g, p < 0.001) and relative tibia weight (0.42 vs. 0.46 and 0.46% body weight, p = 0.031). No significant differences were found between groups with respect to the content of ash, calcium and phosphorus in tibia dry matter. Supplemental sodium increased the bone density index (from 50.6 to 68.4 and 66.3 mg/mm in groups L, M and H, respectively, p < 0.001), the maximum bending moment (from 5.27 to 7.40 and 7.33 N/mm, p = 0.002) and the minimum breaking strength of tibia (from 0.136 to 0.191 and 0.189, p = 0.002). In conclusion, our study indicates that the applied dietary treatment with a moderate sodium level (1.34 g/kg) resulted in a rate of bird growth and tibia mineralization similar to those observed with the treatment with much higher Na content (2.82 g/kg).     

HACCP体系在出口兔肉检验检疫备案养殖场中的应用

输欧盟兔肉一直是出口敏感商品之一,多次因药物残留等问题被欧盟通报,严重影响了我国兔业的出口,而问题的根源主要在肉兔的养殖过程。本文就肉兔养殖过程中建立和应用HACCP体系的可行性和必要性进行探讨,对养殖过程中的安全危害进行分析,确定关键控制点,提出控制措施,从源头保证输欧兔肉产品的质量安全卫生。