East Meets West: An Eastern Perspective of Aquaculture 1

The East or perhaps a better term, Asia, is both a major producer and consumer of aquacultural products. Yet with a long history in the field of aquaculture, most countries have made little or no progress in the techniques and methods applied in this field. The Asian needs for aquaculture are also more basic in that aquaculture provides a cheap source of protein for the malnourished and undernourished populations. Development may be significantly affected by the wide income gap existing in these countries, by inequalities in educational quality and opportunity, and by social factors such as religion, taboos, or tradition. But on the whole, a better life for many of Asia's people may possibly be found in the development of its aquaculture potential.     

The Inhibitors of CDK4/6 from a Library of Marine Compound Database: A Pharmacophore,ADMET, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study

Background: CDK4/6 (Cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6) are the key promoters of cell cycle transition from G1 phase to S phase. Thus, selective inhibition of CDK4/6 is a promising cancer treatment. Methods: A total of 52,765 marine natural products were screened for CDK4/6. To screen out better natural compounds, pharmacophore models were first generated, then the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET) were tested, followed by molecular docking. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to verify the binding characteristics of the selected compounds. Results: Eighty-seven marine small molecules were screened based on the pharmacophore model. Then, compounds 41369 and 50843 were selected according to the ADMET and molecular docking score for further kinetic simulation evaluation. Finally, through molecular dynamics analysis, it was confirmed that compound 50843 maintained a stable conformation with the target protein, so it has the opportunity to become an inhibitor of CDK4/6. Conclusion: Through structure-based pharmacophore modeling, ADMET, the molecular docking method and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, marine natural compound 50843 was proposed as a promising marine inhibitor of CDK4/6.     

从广西区情看草业在国民经济中的地位和作用

从广西的区情出发分析草业对国计民生的重大影响和作用,指出草地国家重要的生态屏障,草是复合型可持续生态农业系统的枢纽,发展草业可以丰富菜蓝子,满足人们对草食畜他肉类食品的需求;可以解决人畜争粮的矛盾;可以促进农业增产丰收,加快草山草坡开发可以产生显著的经济效益,社会效益和生态效益,发展草业是山区人民脱贫致富的希望。     

Antimicrobial susceptibility and PFGE genotyping of Haemophilus parasuis isolates from pigs in South China (2008-2010)

H. parasuis isolates (n=112) from pigs were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against 23 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. All isolates were sensitive to Florfenico and most strains were sensitive to Cefotaxime (103/112; 92%), Ceftazidime (99/112; 88.4%), Chloramphenicol (90/112; 80.4%) and Gentamicin (85/112; 75.9%). High resistance levels to Nalidixic acid (84.8%), TMP (67.9%) and Trimethoprim+Sulfamethoxazole (58%) were observed. Genomic DNA extracted from 52 isolates resistant to at least seven antimicrobial agents was analyzed by PFGE and 46 distinct PFGE patterns identified. Diverse variation was observed between the drug-resistant H. parasuis isolates examined, suggesting that resistance traits were acquired independently by the respective isolates.     

长沙市非洲猪瘟病毒核酸检测实验室现状调查

为全面了解非洲猪瘟检测实验室能力水平,长沙市动植物疫病预防控制中心通过问卷调查、能力比对和实地调研的方式,2019—2021年连续对基层非洲猪瘟检测实验室组织开展摸底调查。结果显示：长沙市具备非洲猪瘟检测能力的实验室共30家。其中：动物疫控机构实验室6家,承担主要监测任务;企业及第三方实验室24家,提供屠宰、监测、调运等方面检测数据,起到辅助作用。但县级以下基层实验室存在区域规划不合理、人员配置不足、生物安全管理体系不完善等问题。综上,实验室检测工作在非洲猪瘟防控上起到关键作用,但基层检测能力与生物安全管理水平仍有较大提升空间。     

动物园发展过程中的六个重要工作环节

作为全球自然保护体系重要组成部分的世界动物园系统,已成为野生动物移地保护的生力军,在濒危物种保存上发挥着越来越突出和重要的作用,是不可或缺的.但随着二十一世纪社会发展进程的不断加速,公众对生态及环境保护意识的不断增强,动物园能否顺应潮流,能否跟上时代的步伐,能否肩负起历史的重任,确实值得我们去认真地加以思考.毋庸置疑,动物园也必须随社会的发展而发展,紧紧围绕保护、教育的工作重心,认真履行其职责,励精图治,才能适应新时期的需要,与时俱进.在动物园发展过程中,我们认为只要把握住动物设施建设、动物场馆丰容、动物资源配置、动物种群管理、动物行为训练和公众保护教育等6个关键管理工作环节,并使其工作具有科学性和创造性,就不会丧失机遇,就能做到可持续发展.     

High prevalence and widespread distribution of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in pigs and poultry in China

Escherichia coli play an important ecological role within resistant bacteria populations, and can be used as a bio-indicator of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the present study was to use this feature of E. coli to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the degree of cross-species transmission of bacteria in pigs and poultry in China. A total of 592 E. coli strains, isolated from pigs and poultry (healthy and diseased animals), were tested for resistance to 22 antimicrobials representing eight antimicrobial drug types.E. coli isolates had high rates of resistance to ampicillin (99.5%), doxycycline (95.6%), tetracycline (93.4%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (74.3%), amoxicillin (65.1%), streptomycin (54.7%), and chloramphenicol (50.2%). Resistance to cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides was also quite prevalent. The majority (81%) of isolates demonstrated multi-antimicrobial resistance, most commonly to 5–6 different antimicrobial types. One isolate was resistant to all 22 antimicrobials. Twenty-two cultures exhibiting multi-antimicrobial resistance were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess their distribution between farms. Three distinct PFGE types were identified, indicating inter-farm transmission of multi-antimicrobial resistant bacteria. The study confirmed the presence and transmission of multi-antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains amongst pigs and poultry in China and highlights the urgent need for appropriate monitoring programmes.     

广东省部分猪场细环病毒感染状况

细环病毒（TTV）目前在全世界的猪群中广泛存在。为了调查其在广东省猪群流行情况,我们运用PCR方法对广东省不同地方猪场和散养户送检的445份血清进行了检测。结果表明：TTV总的阳性率为68.1%（303/445）,其中TTV1阳性率为43.1%（192/445）,TTV2阳性率为24.9%（111/445）。TTV1的阳性率高于TTV2的阳性率,且猪场送检样品阳性率高于散养户。TTV1和TTV2存在混合感染,猪场样品混合阳性率为23.1%（88/381）,散养户样品混合阳性率为1.6%（1/64）。几份阳性样品测序和进化分析显示,它们分别属于TTV1和TTV2。调查结果表明TTV在广东猪群中已经广泛存在。     

植酸酶对不同类型的断乳仔猪日粮粗蛋白、氨基酸和能量的消化率的影响

通过对4个安装了简易T型瘘管的断奶仔猪研究表明,添加植酸酶并没有提高玉米-豆粕型日粮(试验组1)、小麦-豆粕型日粮(试验组2)和大麦-豌豆-菜籽粕型日粮(试验组4)粗蛋白和氨基酸的回肠表观消化率(AID),而使小麦-豆粕-菜粕型日粮的粗蛋白和氨基酸回肠表观消化率或粗蛋白和消化能的总消化道表观消化率(ATTD)得到了显著的提高(P<0.05)或呈提高的势态(P<0.10)。这些结果表明,氨基酸对细菌性植酸酶的反应因子取决于日粮的组成。     

颈椎病的蜂针疗法

颈椎病,又名颈椎退行性关节炎、颈椎增生性骨关节炎或颈椎综合症,多见于40岁以上的中老年人。颈椎病的发病主要是因为颈部长期慢性劳损扭伤,加重了颈椎间盘的退化变形,致使颈椎骨质增生,刺激压迫血管神经或脊髓,出现一系列病症。