奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖主要血清型的鉴定

为了解内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖的主要血清型,试验从内蒙古地区9个牧场共采集236份奶牛乳房炎患牛的奶样,采用常规微生物方法、生物化学反应方法、动物试验和PCR方法对金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖的血清型进行鉴定。结果表明:经常规微生物学检验分离得到162株葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)124株、表皮葡萄球菌(S.epidermidis)29株、腐生葡萄球菌(S.saparophytics)9株。动物试验得到116株致病性S.aureus。PCR方法鉴定出荚膜多糖5型S.aureus23株,占致病性S.aureus的19.83%;荚膜多糖8型S.aureus61株,占致病性S.aureus的52.59%;荚膜多糖5型和8型S.aureus占致病性S.aureus的72.41%。说明5型和8型S.aureus是内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖的主要血清型。     

金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖的提取纯化及生物学特性研究

<正>金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)为环境常在菌,是人和动物的重要致病菌,是奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌之一。从患乳腺炎的奶牛乳汁中分离到的致病菌近一半是金黄色葡萄球菌,这些分离菌株中94%~100%含有荚膜多糖(Cp)[1]。金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖共有11种血清型,其中5型和8型荚膜多糖约占金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离菌株的     

金黄色葡萄球菌性奶牛乳房炎多价疫苗的研制和免疫效果评价

为研制用于预防金黄色葡萄球菌性奶牛乳房炎的免疫疫苗,使用4株血清型为外膜多糖336型(336PS)、荚膜多糖5型(CP5)和荚膜多糖8型(CP8)强毒力金黄色葡萄球菌试制出金黄色葡萄球菌多价疫苗,并通过抗体水平监测、攻毒保护试验以及两个牧场的田间试验对免疫效果进行了评价。抗体水平监测显示,首免后30 d即可产生较高的抗体水平,二次免疫后有效抗体水平可持续到产后210 d;人工攻毒保护试验显示,疫苗对金黄色葡萄球菌引起的临床型乳房炎的保护率为89%;田间试验结果表明,该疫苗对奶牛临床型乳房炎的保护率在75.2%～83.3%之间,对隐性乳房炎的保护率在49.9%～52.2%之间,免疫组日产奶量较对照组平均提高1.26 kg以上。上述结果表明,所试制的疫苗可以显著降低泌乳牛金黄色葡萄球菌引起的临床型和隐性乳房炎发病率并提高产奶量。     

新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖分型的研究

为调查新疆奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌主要流行血清型,本研究采用玻板凝集和双重PCR方法对不同地区奶牛乳房炎乳样中分离的117株金黄色葡萄球菌进行血清分型.结果表明荚膜多糖5型占10.26％(12/117),8型占13.68％(16/117),336型占64.96％(76/117),未分型菌株占11.11 ％(13/117).该研究为新疆奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗菌株的筛选提供了依据.     

致母猪子宫内膜炎金黄色葡萄球菌鉴定及致病性与耐药性检测

为分析2018年-2020年广州地区规模化猪场致母猪子宫内膜炎金黄色葡萄球菌的致病性、血清型及耐药性情况,采集患子宫内膜炎母猪的子宫化脓性分泌物样品177份,进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定。采用人工感染动物试验、PCR和K-B药敏纸片法分别检测金黄色葡萄球菌的致病性、血清型和耐药性。结果表明,分离得到了96株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中72株能引起小鼠发病与死亡,具有致病性;分离的72株致病性金黄色葡萄球菌以荚膜5型(52.8%)为主要流行血清型,对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、青霉素等9种药物的耐药率在58.3%～95.8%之间;对头孢噻肟、头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星等5种药物耐药率在11.1%～29.3%之间。说明从该地区分离的72株致母猪子宫内膜炎金黄色葡萄球菌以荚膜5型为主要流行血清型,耐药性严重。     

金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖的研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌作为引起人和动物发病的一种主要的致病菌,已严重影响到人们的身体健康和畜牧业的发展。致病性金黄色葡萄球菌多数含有荚膜成分,并且这种荚膜成分与金黄色葡萄球菌的毒力和抗噬菌作用有关。文章从金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖的血清学分类、分子结构、影响因素、表达调控和致病机制等方面简要介绍了目前国内外关于金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖的研究进展。     

金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖血清1型和2型的研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖在其感染中起着重要的作用。文章主要介绍了荚膜多糖血清1型和2型的发现、生化性质及其在免疫中的作用。天然荚膜多糖只对同株型起到保护作用,而纯化的荚膜多糖只有少量的免疫原性。从而了解到完全抗原只能用灭活金黄色葡萄球菌或者纯化的荚膜多糖结合蛋白质来实现。     

江苏部分奶牛场乳腺炎病原菌的分离鉴定、耐药性及血清型研究

为查明江苏部分奶牛场乳腺炎病原菌区系分布、主要病原菌药物敏感性及其血清型,本研究从5个奶牛场采集105份临床型和144份隐性乳腺炎奶样进行了细菌分离鉴定,并对分离鉴定出的6种主要病原菌进行了药敏试验,同时对分离鉴定出的12株金黄色葡萄球菌和17株无乳链球菌,采用多重PCR进行了基因分型,并对金黄色葡萄球菌进行了血清学分型。细菌分离鉴定结果显示,5个奶牛场临床型和隐性乳腺炎病原菌检出率分别为74.34%和61.81%。病原菌区系分布主要为大肠杆菌89株(24.25%)、粪肠球菌64株(17.44%)、克雷伯氏菌23株(6.27%)、志贺氏菌19株(5.18%)、无乳链球菌17株(4.63%)、屎球菌14株(3.81%)、金黄色葡萄球菌12株(3.27%)、停乳链球菌1株(0.27%)、乳房链球菌1株(0.27%)和绿脓杆菌1株(0.27%)。药物敏感性试验结果显示,6种主要病原菌均对克林霉素耐药,耐药率达50.00%~93.75%,均对氨苄西林和氯霉素敏感,敏感率为75.00%~100%。主要病原菌血清型分型结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌有2个血清型,主要为荚膜多糖336型(66.67%)和5型(33.33%),无乳链球菌主要有2个血清型,主要为Ⅱ型(64.71%)和Ia型(35.29%)。本研究为该地区奶牛乳腺炎临床合理用药及综合防控提供了依据。     

我国部分地区奶牛乳房炎病例中金黄色葡萄球菌血清型及毒力调查

为了解我国奶牛乳房炎病例中金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)流行血清型和不同血清型菌株的毒力情况,本研究采用玻板凝集和双重PCR方法分别对北京、山西、内蒙古、山东、浙江和新疆奶牛乳房炎乳样中分离的191株S.aureus进行血清分型并从各血清型中随机选取100株菌以小白鼠进行毒力测定.结果表明:这些地区牛源S.aureus中,336PS型为流行血清型,占60.2％(115/191),CP8型占19.4％(37/191),CP5型占11.5％(22/191),未分型菌株占8.9％(17/191).毒力测定显示:336PS、CP8和CP5型菌株中强毒力菌株分别占65.1％、62.9％及61.9％,未分型菌株中强毒力菌株为22.2％.该调查为我国奶牛乳房炎S.aureus疫苗菌株的筛选提供了依据.     

青海省某奶牛场顽固性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定与耐药性研究

为了明确青海省某奶牛场顽固性乳房炎的病原菌,并制定有效的防控措施,本试验采用细菌分离、16SrDNA序列分析、细菌基因分型等方法对病牛乳样中的病原菌进行分离鉴定,并进行17种药物的敏感性试验。试验从15份乳样中分离到10株金黄色葡萄球菌、1株表皮葡萄球菌和2株化脓隐秘杆菌,其中10株金黄色葡萄球菌均为荚膜多糖5型分离株;所分离金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G、红霉素、头孢氨苄和呋喃妥因耐药率分别为100%、90%、10%和10%;表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素G、复方新诺明和甲氧苄氨嘧啶耐药,而对其他14种抗菌药物敏感;化脓隐秘杆菌对四环素和甲氧苄氨嘧啶耐药,对强力霉素和复方新诺明中度敏感,对其他13种抗菌药物敏感。该牛场顽固性乳房炎是多种病原菌混合感染所致,但以荚膜多糖5型金黄色葡萄球菌为主。不同的病原菌的药物敏感性不同,故而治疗困难,建议使用恩诺沙星治疗病牛并加强隐性乳房炎的筛查与防治,病情得到控制。     

Leukocidin genes lukF-P83 and lukM are associated with taphylococcus aureus clonal complexes 151, 479 and 133 isolated from bovine udder infections in Thuringia, Germany

ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causal agents of bovine mastitis. Population studies on bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates have identified considerable genetic heterogeneity among strains causing mastitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of different clonal complexes and the occurrence of virulence factors and resistance determinants within bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates.A total of 189 Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from milk samples of 34 dairy herds in the German Federal State of Thuringia were characterised by microarray technology.The isolates were assigned to eleven different clonal complexes with CC151, CC479 and CC133 being dominant (together 80.5%). The methicillin resistance gene mecA was found in four isolates (2.1%), which belonged to CC398. Enterotoxin genes could be detected in 79.3% of analysed Staphylococcus aureus and 19 isolates (10.1%) harboured a distinct allele of the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene, tst-RF122. The most striking finding of the present study was that almost all except one isolate (151/152) belonging to CC151, CC479 and CC133 harboured the leukocidin genes lukF-P83 and lukM, whereas no further isolates from other lineages possessed these genes.The consistent occurrence of lukF-P83/lukM in the dominating clonal complexes suggests an essential role of this leukocidin in the etiology of bovine mastitis.     

Differences between Danish bovine and human Staphylococcus aureus isolates in possession of superantigens

PCR-assays for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A-E, and H, toxic shock toxin 1, and exfoliative toxins A and B were evaluated against phenotypic methods, and performed well. Four hundred and fourteen isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Danish cases of bovine mastitis were screened for genes encoding these superantigens. One hundred isolates from Danish human carriers were also included in the study. In contrast to the frequent presence of genes encoding and in vitro expression of superantigens among the human carrier isolates, only one of 414 isolates from bovine mastitis carried the genes encoding enterotoxin C and toxic shock toxin-1. These results further support the hypothesis that the bovine and human S. aureus reservoirs constitute two separate sub-populations of the species S. aureus. The results also show that these superantigens are generally not present in Danish S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis, and thus play no essential role in the pathogenesis of bovine S. aureus mastitis.     

Enhanced virulence of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis induced by growth in milk whey

The virulence towards mice of Staphylococcus aureus strains from bovine mastitis was enhanced upon growth in milk whey compared to homologous organisms grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB). In the mouse mastitis model, S. aureus grown in milk whey caused more severe lesions than homologous strains grown in TSB. Staphylococcus aureus strain F1440 grown in milk whey induced 75% mortality and local necrotic reaction in subcutaneously inoculated mice, whereas the homologous strain grown in TSB caused only 5% mortality and slight skin reaction. Extracellular capsule on milk whey-grown, S. aureus could not be demonstrated. However, diffuse type colony morphology could be correlated with an increased virulence of S. aureus towards mice.     

Antibacterial activity of thionin Thi2.1 from Arabidopsis thaliana expressed by bovine endothelial cells against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis

Bovine mastitis is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial therapy, commonly used for its control, has resulted in an increase in the frequency of resistant staphylococci in recent years. Thus, alternative therapies are desirable and the antimicrobial peptides represent attractive control agents. In this work, we expressed the antimicrobial peptide thionin Thi2.1 cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana in the bovine endothelial cell line BVE-E6E7 and evaluated its activity against bovine mastitis S. aureus isolates. A polyclonal population from BVE-E6E7 cells transfected with the pThi2.1 construct was obtained and thionin Thi2.1 expression was confirmed by RT-PCR. From this population, eight stably transfected cell clones were obtained and their conditioned media (CM) were evaluated against the S. aureus ATCC 27543 strain. Clones showed high antibacterial activity (>95%) relative to the activity of the polyclonal population. The C8 clone showed the highest antibacterial activity (>99%) and its CM was evaluated against eleven bovine mastitis S. aureus isolates. A 2.5microg aliquot of total protein from the C8 clone's CM inhibited the growth of S. aureus isolates (>40%) relative to the CM from BVE-E6E7 cells used as control. Growth inhibition of S. aureus isolates was dose-dependent, showing a total inhibition at concentrations higher than 3.12microg/ml. These results suggest that thionin Thi2.1 antimicrobial peptide could be use in the treatment of bovine mastitis.     

Characteristics and epidemiologic genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitic milk in Hokkaido, Japan

Two hundred thirty one Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitic milk were discriminated into 60 patterns and 16 lineages by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The tested isolates were also investigated using coagulase and capsule serotyping and PCR for possession of genes that encode staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea to sei), enterotoxin-like toxins (selj to selr), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst). One hundred seventy three of the isolates (74.9%) possessed one or more toxin genes, while no egg-yolk factor was detected in most of them. The most common combinations of toxin genes possessed by the tested isolates were sec, seg, sei, sell, and tst, or seg and sei, or sec, seg, sei, sell, seln, and tst. Two hundred and ten of the isolates (91.0%) serotyped coagulase VI, and 207 of the isolates (89.6%) expressed serotype 5 or 8 capsules. These results suggested that isolates belonging to two major lineages have spread all over Hokkaido as bovine mastitic isolates. Additionally, no remarkable difference was recognized in the identification ratio of the isolates that belonged to the two major lineages between mastitis of subclinical origin and mastitis of clinical origin.     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌毒力因子及荚膜基因的PCR检测

为研究金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的因型特征,本实验利用聚合酶链式反(PCR)方法,对S.aureus的3个标准株和30个临床分离株的凝集因子A、凝固酶、溶血素等33种致病因子进行了检测.结果表明各分离株在毒力因子方面存在一定差异.这些差异的检测将为进一步研究S.aureus的致病性和有效防治提供参考.     

Phage types and antimicrobial resistance among Danish bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates since the 1950s

A total of 292 bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from the 1950s (86 isolates), 1992 (107 isolates), and 2000 (99 isolates) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and phage typing. The same types of S. aureus (80, 52, 3A, 3A/3C, 42E, 77) were found among the isolates from all three time periods, representing 43.3% of the typeable isolates. This indicates that the Danish S. aureus population related to bovine mastitis has remained relatively unchanged over the last 50 years. The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance has remained low in Denmark in comparison to other countries in Europe.     

Prevalence and molecular mechanism of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in staphylococci isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in Turkey

Macrolide and lincosamide (ML) resistance and the related resistance genes of staphylococci were assessed from cases of bovine subclinical mastitis. Of the 104 Staphylococcus aureus and 62 coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates, 26 (25%) and 12 (19.4%) were resistant to ML, respectively. While constitutive ML resistance phenotype accounted for 15.4% (16/104) of S. aureus and 8.1% (5/62) of CoNS, inducible ML resistance phenotype accounted for 2.9% (3/104) of S. aureus and 3.2% (2/62) of CoNS. Among erythromycin-resistant isolates, single or various combination of different resistance genes were detected. The results of this study showed that ML resistance was prevalent among staphylococci from subclinical bovine mastitis cases in Hatay, Turkey. Therefore, a continuous surveillance is necessary to minimise the spread of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci.     

Invasive potential of bacterial isolates associated with subclinical bovine mastitis

This work describes differences in the invasive ability of bacterial isolates associated with mastitis. Invasion ability was determined by the uptake and survival in a primary culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). BMEC were isolated from a healthy lactating cow and characterized by their morphology, immunostaining for cytokeratin and the detection of beta- and kappa-casein mRNAs. Ten bacterial isolates comprising the staphylococcal species Staphylococcus aureus (3), Staphylococcus epidermidis (1), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1), Staphylococcus equorum (2), Staphylococcus xylosus (1) and Brevibacterium stationis (2) obtained from raw milk of cows with mastitis from backyard farms were assayed for their ability to invade BMEC. Only two S. aureus and one S. epidermidis isolates were able to invade BMEC, at similar levels to the S. aureus control strain ATCC 27543. In conclusion, using the in vitro model of infection used in this study, differences in bacterial invasion capability may be detected.