Wistar大鼠超数排卵及采集不同时期胚胎的初步研究

为了研究获取Wistar大鼠不同发育阶段胚胎所需超排试剂的最佳剂量以及不同发育期胚胎的采集方法,试验采用10 IU/只、20 IU/只和30 IU/只3种剂量的孕马血清促性腺激素-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(PMSG-HCG)对8～9周龄的Wistar大鼠进行超排处理。结果表明:采集2-细胞期胚胎时,分别获得胚胎(12.1±4.6)枚、(23.1±10.2)枚和(24.9±8.2)枚,其中激素剂量为30 IU/只时采集2-细胞期胚胎超排效果最好;在采集桑葚胚期胚胎时,分别可获得胚胎(10.3±5.0)枚、(23.7±17.2)枚和(17.2±5.9)枚,其中激素剂量为20 IU/只的超排效果最好。     

Some functional characteristics of adrenal medullary tumors in aged male Wistar rats

Neither analysis of the urinary catecholamine metabolites vanillymandelic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol nor blood pressure measurements allowed the detection of adrenal medullary tumors or hyperplasia in 115 aged male Wistar rats (70 rats, 24 months of age and 45 rats, 30 months of age). Histochemical examination of the adrenal glands demonstrated that the 55 hyperplastic and 25 neoplastic lesions of the medulla usually had little or no chromaffinity. Chromaffinity was found comparable to normal medulla in only three tumors examined histochemically. Of these tumors, two were partially and one completely chromaffin-positive, but all three were small and did not result in elevated blood pressure or catecholamine metabolite excretion values. These observations indicate that excessive catecholamine synthesis and release is not a feature of adrenomedullary tumors and hyperplasia occurring spontaneously in aged male Wistar rats.     

Immunocytochemical identification of neoplastic cell clone in phase S of cell cycle in transplantable rat tumors

Wistar and Buffalo rats of both sexes, aged 4 months, were divided into three groups: I which was given an intramuscular injection of 3 x 10(6) cells of Morris hepatoma (Buffalo males), II--subcutaneous injection of 3 x 10(4) cells of mammary gland carcinoma (Wistar females), III--intraperitoneal injection of 3 x 10(4) cells of Yoshid sarcoma (Wistar males). The animals were killed: in group I--19, group II--13 and in group III--6 days after tumor transplantation. Twenty four hours before euthanasia the rats were given 5-brome-2'-deoxyuridine (BRd-U) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body mass. The control group consisted of animals with tumour. They were not treated with BRd-U. Immunocytochemical reaction was performed on the sections of tumors, using monoclonal anti-BRd-U clone BU-33, Sigma. Computer measurements of tumor cells were carried out. There was a high similarity in morphological parameters between two kinds of cancer, and clear differences between them and Yoshid sarcoma. The main difference was noted in a twofold increase in the quantity of synthesised DNA in the nuclei of sarcoma cells. Immunocytochemical identification of tumor cells in phase S of the cell cycle with the use of monoclonal anti-BRd-U antibody is a precise and quick method of estimation of their proliferative potential.     

Effect of time of exposure to rat coronavirus and Mycoplasma pulmonis on respiratory tract lesions in the Wistar rat.

The effects of time of exposure on the progression of pulmonary lesions in rats inoculated with Mycoplasma pulmonis and the rat coronavirus, sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) were studied, using six groups of 18 SPF Wistar rats (n = 108). Rats were inoculated intranasally as follows: Group 1, sterile medium only; Group 2, sterile medium followed one week later by 150 TCID50 SDAV; Group 3, sterile medium followed by 10(5.7) colony forming units of M. pulmonis; Group 4, SDAV followed one week later by M. pulmonis; Group 5, M. pulmonis followed one week later by SDAV; Group 6, M. pulmonis followed two weeks later by SDAV. Six rats from each group were euthanized at one, two and three weeks after the final inoculation. In a separate experiment, six additional animals were inoculated in each of groups 3, 5 and 6 (n = 18) and were sampled at five weeks after they had received M. pulmonis. Bronchoalveolar lavage and quantitative lung mycoplasma cultures were conducted on two-thirds of the rats. Histopathological examination and scoring of lesion severity were performed on all animals. Based on the prevalence and extent of histopathological lesions, bronchoalveolar lavage cell numbers, neutrophil differential cell counts and the isolation of M. pulmonis, the most severe disease occurred in the groups that received both agents. There was no significant difference in lesion severity between the groups receiving both agents other than in those examined during the acute stages of SDAV infection. Based on these results, it is evident that SDAV enhances lower respiratory tract disease in Wistar rats whether exposure occurs at one week prior to or at various intervals following M. pulmonis infections.     

链脲佐菌素诱导1型糖尿病大鼠模型的影响因素探讨

通过注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)制作大鼠1型糖尿病模型,观察大鼠品系、给药剂量、给药次数对大鼠成模率、死亡率的影响,同时研究利用口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)判断大鼠糖尿病成模率的意义。随机取16只SD大鼠设置正常对照组。试验一:Wistar大鼠随机分为中剂量组(55 mg/kg,n=12)和高剂量组(65 mg/kg,n=12);试验二:SD大鼠一次性腹腔注射STZ(55 mg/kg,n=12),与1中的Wistar大鼠作对比;试验三:SD大鼠随机分为一次给药组(n=16)和两次给药组(n=16),注射剂量均为55 mg/kg,观察期间进行OGTT。结果表明,Wistar大鼠成模率和死亡率均高于SD大鼠;采用SD大鼠、中剂量给药和两次给药的方式可提高成模率,并降低死亡率;在有明确胰岛病理改变的模型组大鼠,其OGTT异常阳性率显著高于空腹血糖异常阳性率。用STZ诱导糖尿病模型是一种稳定可靠的方法。     

Prevalence of encysted apicomplexans in muscles of raptors

An acid–pepsin digestion technique was used to examine portions of breast muscle and heart from raptors for encysted protozoans. Apicomplexan zoites were present in 52 (45.6%) of the 114 samples examined: 11 of 12 (91.7%) red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus), 20 of 34 (58.8%) red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), two of seven (28.6%) Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperi), three of four (75%) sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus), one (100%) Mississippi kites (Ictinia misisippiensis), one of two (50%) American kestrels (Falco sparverius), one bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), one of two (50%) golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), one of three (33%) turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), two of three (66.7%) black vultures (Coragyps atratus), three of six (50%) great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus), five of 15 (33.3%) barred owls (Strix varia), and one of 12 (8.3%) screech owls (Asio otus). Encysted protozoans were not observed in digests of tissues from three broad-winged hawks (Buteo platypterus), four ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), and five barn owls (Tyto alba). Apicomplexan cysts resembling Sarcocystis species were observed in tissue sections of muscles from 28 (37.8%) of 74 raptors.     

Analysis of ultrastructural glomerular basement membrane lesions and podocytes associated with proteinuria and sclerosis in Osborne-Mendel rats with progressive glomerulonephropathy

The renal glomeruli of 12 male Osborne-Mendel (OM) rats 3 to 24 weeks old were examined by electron microscopy. Effacement of podocyte foot processes (FPs) developed at 3 weeks of age and became progressively worse over time. Loss or dislocation of the slit membrane was also found. Vacuoles and osmiophilic lysosomes appeared in the podocytes starting at 6 weeks of age. Podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was apparent at 18 weeks of age. Laminated GBM was occasionally observed in all animals. These features might lead to the development of spontaneous proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in OM rats.     

Neuronal-Visceral GM1 Gangliosidosis in Portuguese Water Dogs

Three female siblings in a litter of seven Portuguese Water dogs (PWDs) showed clinical signs of ataxia and/or lameness at 5 months of age. Signs of cerebellar dysfunction (intention tremors, ataxia, widebased stance, dysmetria, and/or nystagmus) and mild limb weakness developed rapidly. Results of hemograms (three dogs), blood chemistry profiles (two dogs), urinalyses (two dogs), electroencephalograms (two dogs), and radiographs of the limbs or pelvis (three dogs), vertebrae (two dogs), and skull (one dog) were unremarkable except for an absolute lymphocytosis in one dog. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses were normal in all three dogs. However, the CSF creatine kinase concentration was elevated in the one dog in which it was measured. Mucopolysacchariduria was present in all three dogs. Due to the rapid progression of clinical signs and a poor prognosis, all three dogs were euthanatized between 6 and 7 months of age. Histopathologic and electron microscopic studies showed neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, vacuolated hepatocytes, and vacuolated renal tubular epithelial cells, compatible with the diagnosis of a storage disease. Beta-galactosidase activities in leukocytes, serum, and brain homogenates were reduced when compared with that in normal dogs and the stored product was identified as GM1 ganglioside, confirming GM1 gangliosidosis.     

Study on Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Wu Jin Granules

In order to evaluate the toxicity of Wu Jin granules for the guidance of clinical treatment, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity were assessed in KM mice and Wistar rats, respectively.The results of acute toxicity test suggested that the LD₅₀ of Wu Jin granules was >40 g/(kg·BW), maximal tolerance dose was 160 g/(kg·BW), equivalent to 80 times of clinical dosage.In sub-chronic toxicity test, the growth and general behavior of the animals appeared normal.Compared with the control group, weight gain and feed consumption of Wistar rats in the treatment groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).In high dose group, serum bilirubin (T-BIL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) of female Wistar rats, whereas CREA levels and liver index of male Wistar rats were significant difference (P<0.05), and the differences in other indexes were not significant (P>0.05); Hematological indexes, biochemical indexes of blood and organ index of Wistar rats in low dose group and medium dose group were not significantly different compared to the control group (P>0.05).Pathological examination results showed that mild granular degeneration existed in liver of Wistar rats in high dose group, whereas appeared clear and normal organizational structure of liver in Wistar rats in other groups.Wu Jin granules could inhibit intake of free bilirubin and hepatic synthesis protein in high dosage, whereas this results were not observed in other groups.Thus, the Wu Jin granules were safe in clinical treatment.     

乌锦颗粒剂的急性毒性与亚慢性毒性试验研究

本研究旨在评价乌锦颗粒剂的毒性,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。试验分别以昆明小鼠和Wistar大鼠为研究对象,进行急性毒性试验和亚慢性毒性试验研究。急性毒性试验结果显示,乌锦颗粒剂的半数致死量(LD₅₀)>40 g/kg体重,最大给药量为160 g/kg体重,相当于临床用药量的80倍;在亚慢性毒性试验中,动物一般情况正常,试验组Wistar大鼠增重和饲料消耗量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,高剂量组中雌鼠血清胆红素(T-BIL)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CREA)及雄鼠CREA和肝脏指数均有显著差异(P<0.05),而其他指标与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);低剂量组和中剂量组Wistar大鼠血常规、血液生化指标和脏器指数与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);病理学检查发现高剂量组Wistar大鼠肝脏出现轻微颗粒变性,其他组Wistar大鼠组织结构清晰正常。结果表明,高剂量的乌锦颗粒剂能抑制肝脏对游离胆红素的摄入及蛋白质的合成;低剂量和中剂量乌锦颗粒剂此作用不明显。综合分析,乌锦颗粒剂临床用药是安全的。     

Spontaneous oral tumours in 18 rabbits (2005–2015)

This retrospective study of a series of 18 cases aimed to describe the clinical and pathological findings of oral tumours in rabbits, as there have been few reports detailing spontaneous oral tumours in this species. A total of 13 different tumour types were diagnosed: squamous cell carcinoma (three), ameloblastoma (two), fibrosarcoma (two), osteosarcoma (two), cementoma (one), complex odontoma (one), giant cell epulis (one), sarcoma (one), chondrosarcoma (one), trichoepithelioma (one), papilloma (one), malignant melanoma (one) and basal cell carcinoma (one). Odontogenic tumours were relatively common in this study as compared to the oral tumours typically identified in dogs and cats. The most common clinical sign in this study was feeding abnormalities. Surgical excision and radiation therapy were found to be effective in rabbits.     

Clinical, bacteriological, cytological and pathological features of teat disorders in ewes

We describe the features of 13 cases of teat disorders in ewes, as follows: lengthy teats (one case), papilloma infection (two), staphylococcal dermatitis (one), nodules and abscesses (two), teat bites (three), stenosis (one), orf (two), compressed teat (one). Mannheimia haemolytica, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus simulans or Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from samples. Sub-epithelial leucocytic infiltration at the teat duct-teat cistern border, but not lymphoid nodules, was the salient histological finding in the teat. Leucocytic infiltration and destruction of parenchyma were evident in the mammary gland. The results provide field evidence suggesting that teat lesions predispose ewes to mastitis.     

Primary neoplasms of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx in the dog. A report of 16 cases from the files of the AFIP

Sixteen cases of primary neoplasms of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx in the dog were reviewed from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). The mean age of affected dogs was 9.5 years. The presenting clinical signs were epistaxis, nasal discharge or facial swelling. Eleven of the affected dogs were purebred. Three of these were Collies and two German Shepherds. The nasal cavity was involved most often. All neoplasms were malignant (11 carcinomas and five sarcomas), and there was invasion of the adjacent bony structures in most dogs. Tumors were classified according to prominent cell type and degree of differentiation into respiratory epithelial carcinoma (four), adenocarcinoma (one), squamous cell carcinoma (one), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (two), undifferentiated carcinoma (three), chondrosarcoma (three) and undifferentiated sarcoma (two).     

Hematological Characteristics of the BB Wistar Rat

Complete blood counts, differential white blood cell and platelet counts were performed on male and female BB Wistar diabetic rats (BBWd), their nondiabetic siblings (BBWnd) and outbred Wistar rats of the line from which the BB Wistar rats were derived. Most of the observed changes were strain-related (those present in both BBWd and BBWnd but not in control rats) rather than diabetes-related (those in BBWd but neither BBWnd nor control rats) and therefore probably due to the inbreeding process. The BBW strain had significantly lower numbers of white cells and platelets, as well as markedly changed differential white cell counts. Differential counts showed a pattern of lymphopenia, neutrophilia, monocytosis and eosinophilia. It is possible that these white blood cell changes contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection reported for the BBW strain. No significant difference in serum immunoglobulin concentrations was found in any of these three groups of rats. There- fore, hypogammaglobutinemia cannot account for the increased susceptibility to infections, but it is not possible to rule out an abnormality in the distribution of immunoglobulin fractions as an etiological factor.     

Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis in dogs: a retrospective evaluation of 32 cases

Thirty-two cases of canine cutaneous histiocytosis were retrospectively evaluated. Median age at onset was 4 years. Lesions included nodules and plaques affecting the head/face, trunk and limbs, and erythema, swelling and depigmentation of the nasal planum/nares. Systemic involvement was not ruled out in all cases. All dogs had complete resolution of dermatological lesions after initial treatment (median 45 days). Initial treatment included prednisone +/- antibiotics (12 of 32 dogs), prednisone and tetracycline/niacinamide (four of 32), prednisone and azathioprine (three of 32), tetracycline/niacinamide +/- vitamin E/essential fatty acids (six of 32), antibiotics +/- antihistamines (three of 32), cyclosporine and ketoconazole (one of 32), topical therapy (two of 32), and no treatment (one of 32). Seventeen dogs received maintenance therapy which consisted of tetracycline/niacinamide +/- vitamin E/essential fatty acids (12 of 17), cyclosporine/ketoconazole (two to three times a week) (two of 17), azathioprine daily (one of 17), prednisone/azathioprine (two times a week) (one of 17), and prednisone daily (one of 17). Median follow up was 25 months. Nine dogs had a recurrence of cutaneous histiocytosis (median days to recurrence 130 days), with seven of nine having more than one recurrence. At study completion, six dogs were deceased (no lesions at the time of death) and 26 of 32 were alive with no lesions. Ten of 26 dogs were on maintenance treatment (eight tetracycline/niacinamide, one azathioprine, one vitamin E). Previous dermatological disease and season had no detectable influence on recurrence. Recurrence was significantly more likely in dogs with nasal planum/nares lesions than dogs without these lesions. Tetracycline/niacinamide was an effective treatment option for dogs in this study population.     

芦丁对大鼠免疫器官指数的影响

研究天然植物提取物芦丁对大鼠免疫器官指数的影响,考察芦丁调节动物免疫功能的作用.选择16只Wistar雌性青春期大鼠,随机分为2组,每组8只,分别为对照组(每日每只灌胃生理盐水2 mL)、芦丁组(每日灌服芦丁60 mg/kg体重),正式试验为期2周.12只Wistar受孕母鼠,随机分为2组,每组6只,相同处理,从哺乳第...     

Fish oil supplementation improved liver phospholipids fatty acid composition and parameters of oxidative stress in male wistar rats

In the present study, we examined the effects of fish oil supplementation in 3 months old male Wistar rats on changes in plasma and liver lipid metabolism and oxidative stress parameters. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of ten animals: control group and intervention group, treated for 6 weeks with fish oil capsules containing 45 mg eicosapentanoic acid and 30 mg docosahexanoic acid. After intervention, biochemical parameters in plasma [triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and uric acid], fatty acid (FAs) profile of liver phospholipids and parameters of oxidative stress in liver [activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and paraoxonase (PON1), concentration of nitrites, lipid peroxidation (LPO), free thiol (SH) groups and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) izoenzymes were determined. Treatment with fish oil improved FAs profile of liver phospholipids, increasing n‐3 FAs and decreasing n‐6/n‐3 ratio. Significant decrease in plasma TG and LDL concentration, and increase in the level of HDL and uric acid were found in intervention group at the end of the study. Catalase activity, LPO, and nitrites concentration in liver were significantly decreased, after the supplementation, together with elevated PON1 activity. Applied treatment significantly improved plasma lipid profile, liver FAs composition and parameters of oxidative stress in male Wistar rats.     

Veterinary qualifications and the right to practise in the EEC: an analysis of the directives.

The urogenital system was involved in 92 (22.9 per cent) of 401 malformed lambs examined over a three year period; genital 69 (six males: one female) and urinary 23 (three males: one female). Ten lambs had both genital and urinary defects. Sixty-eight (73.0 per cent) of the 92 lambs had defects of other organs, the most common being atresia ani, various skeletal and central nervous system defects, and arthrogryposis. The most common external defect of the male genital system was partial to complete cleft of the scrotum and the most common internal defect was cryptorchidism (six unilateral and 12 bilateral). Both penile agenesis and diphallia were observed twice. Defects of the female genital system included two uterine agenesis, four atresia vaginam, and one freemartin. Male pseudohermaphroditism was found in three lambs. The most common external urinary defect was male hypospadias and the most common internal defect was renal agenesis (12 unilateral and one bilateral). Other urinary defects were hydronephrosis (two unilateral and two bilateral), cystic kidneys (four unilateral and two bilateral), one bilateral polycystic kidneys, one patent urachus and six dysgenic kidneys.     

Clinical signs,diagnosis and treatment of three dogs with angiostrongylosis in Ireland

: Infection with Angiostrongylus vasorum was diagnosed at necropsy on a dog that died from acute pulmonary haemorrhage, and on recovery of L1 larvae by Baermann examination of faeces from two dogs, one of which had abdominal pain and retroperitoneal haemorrhage, while the other had right-sided heart failure due to cor pulmonale. The presenting signs included syncope (one dog), exercise intolerance (two dogs), cough (two dogs), abdominal pain (one dog) and depression (one dog). One-stage prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged in two dogs, buccal mucosal bleeding time was prolonged in one dog and globulin was elevated in all three dogs. Two dogs were treated with fenbendazole and recovered.     

Chorioptes bovis (Acarina: Psoroptidae) in some camelids from Dutch zoos

Summary

The feet of three two‐humped camels (Camelus bactrianus), one lama (Lama glama) and four alpacas (Lama pacos) from zoos and a circus in the Netherlands were examined for the mange‐mite Choroptes bovis. Mites were found on two of the camels, the lama, and three of the alpacas. On one camel and one alpaca small mange lesions on the feet were present. This is the first report of Chorioptes bovis and chorioptic mange in the two‐humped camel.