梢果比对葡萄产量、品质和贮藏营养的影响

以葡萄“夏黑”为试材,连续2年研究了不同梢果比处理对葡萄产量、果实品质和枝条贮藏营养等的影响,以期确定山东地区夏黑葡萄的适宜负载量。试验结果表明：果实可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、枝条贮藏营养水平均以梢果比1:1处理最高,综合分析,在山东省泰安地区夏黑葡萄的合理负载量应为梢果比1:1,667m2产量以1179.37-1288.63 Kg适宜。     

微生物肥影响夏黑葡萄生长发育及果实品质

正据《西南农业学报》2021年第1期《2种类型微生物肥对夏黑葡萄生长发育及果实品质的影响》(作者陈国品等)报道,为探讨微生物肥与有机肥和无机肥配施对夏黑葡萄生长发育及果实品质的影响,以4年生避雨栽培鲜食葡萄品种夏黑为试验材料,     

广西·桂林多种葡萄市畅价扬

<正>本刊讯7月中旬、下旬和8月上旬,桂林市地产夏黑、维多利亚和巨峰葡萄陆续成熟上市,市场批发价分别为8~9元/kg、7~8元/kg和6~8元/kg,市场零售价分别为9~10元/kg、8~9元/kg和7~10元/kg,市畅价扬。据调查获悉,本年桂林市夏黑葡萄、维多利亚葡萄和巨峰葡萄产销的主要特点:一是夏黑、维多利亚花穗量稀少,着果量小,与上年同比,单位面积产量明显     

桂林市维多利亚、夏黑葡萄成熟上市

本刊讯2011年7月中旬,盛夏的桂林骄阳似火,天气酷热难当。正当此时,维多利亚葡萄和夏黑葡萄成熟上市,产地批发价6～7元/kg,市场零售价9～10元/kg。维多利亚和夏黑是桂林市近两年引种和推广种     

不同施肥方案对夏黑葡萄生长结果的影响研究

为探究适合夏黑葡萄生长结果的施肥方案,本文以5年生栽培夏黑葡萄为试验材料,设计了3种不同的施肥方案,测定不同施肥方案对其枝条生长、萌芽和成花指标、果实外在品质和内在品质以及产量等指标的影响。结果表明,无论是单一施肥还是组合施肥均可有效促进夏黑葡萄植株的生长、品质的提高以及产量的增加。其中效果最好的是处理3,即无机肥和有机肥在基肥、追肥、促花肥和果实膨大肥合理组合搭配,葡萄的新梢和枝条生长较快,枝条长度、新梢节间长度和粗度分别为105.2 cm、15.41 cm、1.125 cm,萌芽率和结果枝率分别为96.7%和81.2%;单果重为6.237g,可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和Vc含量分别为17.67%、0.529%和3.24 mg/100g;单穗重为388.6g,产量最高为18076.6 kg/ha。     

陕西·城固葡萄质优价扬

正本刊讯7月中旬,城固县地产葡萄陆续开园上市,夏黑出园价16~20元/kg,与上年同比销售价格稳中有升。城固葡萄的栽培品种以7月中旬成熟的夏黑和8月初成熟的户太8号为主,颗粒饱满、酸甜适口、品质极佳,一串串玛瑙般的葡萄十分诱人,前来购买的客户络绎不绝。长期以来,城固葡萄因种植历史久,生产水平高,在汉中当地颇具盛名。从7月中旬成熟上市到8月底销售结束,连年夏黑平均售价12~16元/kg,户太8号平均售价10~14元/kg,在当地     

有机肥施肥量对“夏黑”葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

正据《中国农学通报》2015年第31期《有机肥施肥量对"夏黑"葡萄生长和果实品质的影响》(作者田益华等)报道,为了对葡萄生产中有机肥的合理施用提供科学依据,高效合理地施用有机肥来进行葡萄生产,以5年生避雨栽培"夏黑"葡萄为试验材料,研究基肥增施有机肥(22.5、45、90 t/hm~2)对夏黑葡萄的营养生长和果实品质的影响。结果显示:增施有机肥可有效促进夏黑葡萄植株的生长,提高光合速率,改善果     

广西·桂林夏黑葡萄上市 巨峰葡萄产销两旺

本刊讯7月上旬,广西桂林市地产夏黑葡萄成熟上市,市场零售价6～10元/kg。今年桂林市夏黑葡萄主要产销特点:一是种植面积和收获面积有所增加,产量亦明显增长。夏黑葡萄成熟较早可以满足人们尝鲜心理,受到消费者青睐,售价高;而成熟果实果皮黑紫色,比维多利     

CPPU对夏黑葡萄果实生长的影响

以夏黑葡萄为试材，于盛花期和花后2周分别使用0、2、5、10 mg/L CPPU结合50 mg/L GA3 的混合溶液处理，研究不同时期不同浓度的CPPU对夏黑葡萄果实的生长发育的影响。结果表明：盛花期添加10mg/L CPPU，花后2周添加2mg/L CPPU对夏黑葡萄膨大的效果最显著，其单粒重为对照的141.78%；当2次处理的CPPU总浓度达到15mg/L及以上时，对夏黑葡萄果实膨大的效果减弱。在葡萄果实生长发育过程中，CPPU能有效延长夏黑葡萄果实的快速生长期。此外，使用不同浓度CPPU处理均降低了可溶性固形物含量，升高了可滴定酸含量。     

基于新梢生长和果实品质形成的葡萄树周年全程水肥一体化供给技术研究

摘 要:【目的】为确定一体化供给葡萄周年生产中的营养液浓度。【方法】以9a生‘巨峰’和‘藤稔’葡萄为试材，以含氮30 mg·L-1、60 mg·L-1、120 mg·L-1、180 mg·L-1和240 mg·L-1（分别标记为N30、N60、N120、N180和N240，转色期至采收阶段各处理浓度降至1/3）共五个浓度梯度Hoagland配方营养液周年微喷灌葡萄根域土壤，评估各组树体营养生长、果实品质及产量等指标。【结果】结果表明N240处理的‘巨峰’与‘藤稔’成熟期新梢长度、单株叶面积、叶绿素含量、果实横径、单粒重及单株产量依次为150.75 cm、3.96 m2、45.65 SPAD、26.69 mm、11.12 g、4.20 kg和141.33 cm、4.09 m2、42.75 SPAD、25.53 mm、11.04 g、4.46 kg，分别比N30处理条件高24.00 cm、0.39 m2、4.05 SPAD、1.73 mm、1.77 g、1.05 kg和23.08 cm、0.80 m2、1.71 SPAD、1.97 mm、2.39 g、1.29 kg，各项指标随着营养液浓度升高而增加。N120处理下‘巨峰’和‘藤稔’成熟期可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、固酸比及花色苷含量分别为18.1°Bx、0.3%、60.0、0.36 mg/g FW和18.6°Bx、0.34%、55.0及0.35mg/g FW，果实品质该处理下为佳。【结论】N120（N120-30-120 mg·L-1）营养液条件下树体长势及产量中庸，果实品质最佳，该浓度的Hoagland配方营养液作为葡萄生产全程水肥一体化供给策略的参考。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.