地熊蜂和意大利蜜蜂为设施蓝莓授粉效果比较研究

通过对设施蓝莓应用蜜蜂授粉和熊蜂授粉2种不同授粉方式的比较研究,结果表明:熊蜂授粉的蓝莓坐果率为75.38±0.67%,比蜜蜂授粉增加了25.50%;熊蜂授粉的蓝莓平均单果重为2.25±0.02g,比蜜蜂授粉增加了23.63%;熊蜂授粉的蓝莓每株产量为5182.2±76.5g,比蜜蜂授粉增加了7.1%;熊蜂授粉和蜜蜂授粉的蓝莓几种营养物质含量无显著差异。说明利用熊蜂和蜜蜂均可为设施蓝莓授粉,不仅能够促进坐果,提高产量,而且节省劳动成本。     

不同蜂授粉对设施番茄产量和品质的影响

在番茄温室内,熊蜂和蜜蜂的授粉习性不同.熊蜂的出巢温度低,日工作时间长,趋光性差,主要采用振动方式授粉;蜜蜂的出巢温度高,日工作时间短,趋光性强,主要采用接触方式授粉.和常规生产中采用的喷施激素方法相比,利用蜜蜂为设施番茄授粉,可以改善果实品质,但在产量上和喷施激素方法没有区别;采用熊蜂为设施番茄授粉,效果比蜜蜂更为显著,熊蜂授粉不仅可以改善番茄果实的营养品质,而且还可以显著提高产量,降低畸形果的比率,果实大而充实,种子数量多,商品性好.总之,对于设施番茄,蜜蜂授粉效果优于喷施激素处理,熊蜂授粉效果优于蜜蜂授粉.     

蜂箱的摆放方位对设施草莓蜜蜂授粉的影响

蜜蜂授粉是设施草莓生产配套技术,西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)是设施草莓的主要授粉蜂种。在设施环境中,蜂群的摆放位置对蜜蜂活动有重要影响,本研究通过比较设施草莓园内不同摆放方位的蜂群活动规律及群势下降情况,结果表明,蜜蜂蜂群在设施草莓园内的摆放方位对于蜜蜂访花密度有显著影响(p0.01),其中蜜蜂蜂箱坐东朝西摆放时,蜜蜂访花密度显著高于其他3种摆放方式;在草莓整个花期授粉过程中,蜜蜂蜂群群势呈现逐渐下降趋势;然而,蜜蜂蜂群在设施草莓园内的摆放方位对群势下降程度无显著影响(p0.05);蜜蜂访花密度与蜂群群势呈正相关,与草莓开花数量无显著相关性。本研究明确了设施草莓园内授粉蜂群的放置方位对蜜蜂访花行为及蜂群群势的影响,为设施草莓内蜜蜂科学授粉技术提供了一定的理论依据。     

熊蜂授粉技术在现代设施农业中的应用前景

随着我国农业现代化水平的不断提高,设施农业的逐渐普及,通过授粉以提高农作物的产量和品质已成为一个重要的研究方向。蜜蜂和熊蜂都是理想的授粉昆虫,但熊蜂比蜜蜂更适合为大棚温室蔬果授粉。目前,国外已广泛通过人工繁育熊蜂为设施农作物传粉,并且获得了很好的经济效益和生态效益。熊蜂以其独特形态特征和生物学特性成为温室作物的理想授粉昆虫,利用熊蜂为设施农作物授粉,不但可以提高产量,改善果实品质,减少畸形果率,还可以有效避免激素授粉产生的污染,极大提高了经济效益。本文就是从熊蜂的生物学特性、国内外的研究进展、熊蜂授粉的优越性以及授粉效果等方面进行综述,为我国设施作物熊蜂授粉应用及推广奠定基础。     

三种授粉方式对新疆大棚油桃产量影响

油桃是一种蔷薇科果树,是桃的一个变异品种。油桃主要通过昆虫授粉或人工授粉来完成其传粉受精。大量实践证明:温室大棚栽培油桃可以大幅度提高油桃经济效益,因此是当前栽培重要发展方向。本试验分别利用蜜蜂、熊蜂及人工喷洒芸苔素内酯的三种方式对大棚油桃进行授粉,并测定了三种授粉方式对大棚油桃初期座果率、单株油桃个数、平均单果重和单株产量等影响。结果表明:三组的初期座果率差异不显著(P0.05);人工授粉组单株油桃个数最多,显著高于蜜蜂授粉组和熊蜂授粉组(P0.05);熊蜂授粉组平均单果重最重,显著高于人工授粉组(P0.05);人工授粉组单株产量最高,显著高于蜜蜂授粉组(P0.05)。虽然人工授粉(人工辅助授粉激素技术)的大棚油桃产量高于蜜蜂授粉和熊蜂授粉,但由于人为地破坏了油桃的自然生长规律,出现大量畸形果,另外油桃果实中可能存在激素残留风险,因此建议在新疆大棚油桃授粉中大力推广熊蜂授粉技术。     

影响蜜蜂为南方塑料大棚虫媒作物授粉的主要因素及对策探讨

为探讨影响蜜蜂为南方塑料大棚虫媒作物授粉的主要因素及应对措施,通过从蜜蜂与虫媒植物关系、蜂群生物学、蜜蜂访花行为,以及南方塑料大棚等方面进行调查研究。结果表明,影响蜜蜂为南方塑料大棚虫媒作物授粉的主要因素有作物品种、大棚环境质量、蜜蜂品种等。可采取“选育和选种在大棚内可正常流蜜排粉且能诱引蜜蜂访花的作物品种,合理配置雄株,营造适宜蜜蜂生活和安全飞行的大棚环境,选择合适授粉的蜜蜂品种,以及合理配置授粉蜂群和加强授粉蜂群管理”等措施,以实现大棚虫媒作物充分授粉。建议在大力发展设施农业的同时,结合蜜蜂访花需求加大大棚作物品种选育力度,切实提高大棚环境质量,为大棚作物蜜蜂授粉创造良好条件,大力发展蜜蜂授粉业,积极推动蜜蜂授粉业与设施农业的协同发展,让更多的蜜蜂为设施生态农业的发展服务。     

三种授粉方式对温室凯特杏的影响研究

为了比较不同授粉方式对温室凯特杏授粉的效果,在温室内进行了熊蜂(Bombusterrestris)、蜜蜂(Apismellifera)和人工蘸花这3种授粉方式的试验,其结果表明:熊蜂组的杏果实发育期最短,比蜜蜂组缩短了4天,比人工组缩短了5天;在株产量上,熊蜂组产量最高,比蜜蜂组提高了11.96%,比人工组提高了25.77%;在维生素C、可溶性糖和总酸等营养指标上,3组之间差异不大,但熊蜂组的风味更佳。可见,采用熊蜂为温室杏授粉的效果优于蜜蜂和人工。     

中华蜜蜂为蓝莓授粉效果初探

以贵州麻江县蓝莓和中华蜜蜂为试验材料,对蜜蜂为蓝莓授粉和蓝莓自花授粉的效果进行了比较研究。结果表明,蜜蜂授粉的蓝莓坐果率显著高于自花授粉,蜜蜂授粉坐果率为82.7%,自花授粉坐果率为45.5%。蜜蜂为蓝莓授粉可提高蓝莓的坐果率。     

两种蜂授粉对西藏西红柿、油菜产量性状及甜度的影响

[目的]研究西蜂和熊蜂对西藏设施西红柿、甘蓝型油菜的授粉效果;[方法]本研究在西藏拉萨市和山南市开展蜜蜂授粉效果试验,分析西方蜜蜂和熊蜂授粉对设施西红柿产量性状、糖度和甘蓝型油菜的产量性状影响;[结果]1.西藏地区采用蜜蜂授粉确实能够明显提升蔬菜的产量品质和油料作物的产量;2.采取西蜂授粉会比熊蜂更加显著的提高设施西红柿的产量与品质,采取西蜂授粉比熊蜂授粉更加显著的提高甘蓝型油菜的产量和提前油菜的熟期;3.印证了西蜂比其他蜂更加适应在大规模单一的蜜源植物上进行采蜜授粉工作;[结论]综合西藏两个地区的西蜂、熊蜂授粉结果,建议西蜂更适宜在拉萨、山南地区为西红柿和油菜进行授粉.     

熊蜂对开放种植蓝莓的授粉试验

引进比利时Biobest公司专为开放种植的果蔬熊蜂授粉的(?)箱进行了开放种植的蓝莓进行了授粉试验。试验结果表明其熊蜂授粉的试验地平均亩产量较对照区增加了18.78kg(33.4%),座果率增加了30.60%,一级果率增加了7.44%。统计检验表明,上述指标均显著高于对照区相应指标。文章还简介了使用大田熊蜂蜂箱技术和应注意的事项,分析了熊蜂为蓝莓授粉增产及改善品质的原因。     

浅析当前畜禽调运工作中存在的问题及对策

1 当前畜禽调运中存在的问题 1．1 调运户动物防疫意识不强 一是个别调运户未申领《动物防疫合格证》，没有动物防疫知识和相关法律法规知识．是违规调运的根源．     

Anaesthesia and analgesia of the donkey and the mule

The number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse.     

貉,蓝狐,银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞形态分布的研究

本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。     

Comparative ventilation and gas exchange in the horse and the cow

Ventilation and gas exchange were studied in healthy, adult horses and cows, two large species with different lung structures and different breathing patterns. The oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory rate (fR), minute ventilation (VE), alveolar ventilation (VA), alveolar oxygen pressure (PAO2), and VE/VO2 ratio were higher in the cows, while the tidal volume (VT) and physiological dead space (VD) were larger in the horses. The arterial blood gases, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference (PAO2-PaO2) and VD/VT ratio did not differ between the two species. The higher VO2 in the cows was most likely due to the energy cost of standing, and possibly to a higher cost of digestion. The higher VE, VA, VE/VO2 and PAO2 were most likely secondary to the increased VO2 and the slightly higher respiratory exchange ratio (R) in the cows. In contrast to hypotheses based on allometric equations, the PAO2 of horses and cows did not appear to differ from that of smaller mammals. The VD was larger than that predicted from allometric equations, and even though the VD/VT ratio (0.50) was lower than the previously reported values for horses and cows, it was significantly larger than the predicted weight-independent value of 0.36. Re-examination of the data used to derive the equation for VD raised questions as to the validity of this equation, and it is suggested that caution be exercised in the use of allometric equations for prediction.     

改进微防技术提高微防效果

20世纪80年代以来,我省一代杂交蚕种微粒子病发生经历了三个阶段(见图表1).第一阶段是1980～1995年,我省家蚕微粒子病处于低发期.从蚕种生产历史上看,这15年是我省蚕种生产发展最为迅速,蚕种生产量最大时期,尤其在九十年代初期全国家蚕微粒子病大暴发,"微防"形势不断恶化情况下,我省的微粒子病发生始终处于有效控制状态,最高年份毛种淘汰率仅为1.66%,"无毒率"高,蚕种质量稳居全国前茅.第二阶段1996～1999年,是我省家蚕微粒子病暴发期.年毛种淘汰率都在10%以上,1998年甚至高达15.48%,检验无毒蚕种比例急剧下降,全省没有一个"无毒"场,微粒子病在我省的流行呈"遍地开花"之势.第三个阶段为1999年以后,我省家蚕微粒子暴发的态势得到了基本控制,防治工作取得了阶段性成效.2000年我省蚕种生产淘汰率从1996～1999年平均12.17%下降到3.25%;2001年全省"无毒"比例已达71.04%,比1996-1999年的平均水平上升了15个百分点,重点产区"无毒"蚕种比例已达80%以上.这阶段我省形成了"三控一严"(即控制胚种传染、控制桑园虫害、控制环境污染和严格管理)家蚕微粒子病综合防治技术体系,全省建立了严格的预知检查体系,桑叶叶面消毒技术得到了大面积的推广应用.     

The relation between the birth process and the condition of the newborn piglet and calf

Fluxes of the anti-parasitic agents, [³H]-ivermectin, [³H]-selamectin and [³H]-moxidectin were studied across non-transfected and transfected canine kidney epithelial monolayers, MDCK II/wt, MDCK II-MDR1, MDCK II-MRP1 and MDCK II-MRP2. All four lines surprisingly expressed significant levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), coded for by MDR1, but MDCK II-MDR1 expressed increased levels compared to the other lines. MDCK II-MRP1 and MDCK II-MRP2 expressed increased levels of MRP1 and MRP2 respectively. Fluxes of [³H]-ivermectin, [³H]-selamectin, [³H]-moxidectin, and the P-gp substrates, rhodamine-123 and DiOC₂, were polarized in the basolateral-to-apical (secretory) direction across the four lines. Selected MRP inhibitors used in relevant pharmacological concentrations did not block the secretory fluxes of either [³H]-ivermectin or [³H]-selamectin in either the non-transfected or MRP-transfected lines. In contrast, secretory fluxes of ivermectin and selamectin were inhibited in all four lines by the P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. These data confirm that ivermectin and selamectin are substrates for P-gp in four additional cell lines, but suggest that they are not significant substrates for MRP1 or MRP2 where there is background expression of P-gp. Since this pattern of expression also pertains on the blood-brain barrier, it is unlikely that MRP1 and MRP2 play a significant role in ivermectin and selamectin blood: brain distribution in vivo.