猪肌内脂肪调控研究进展

猪肌内脂肪含量在很大程度上影响着猪肉的嫩度、多汁性和风味,本文在简述猪肌内脂肪含量测定技术的基础上,着重阐述了心型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因(H-FABP)和脂肪细胞定向和分化因子-1基因(ADD1)等肌内脂肪沉积主要候选基因以及micro RNAs对猪肌内脂肪沉积和代谢的调控作用,以期为利用基因调控改善猪的肌内脂肪含量提供参考。     

苏淮猪肌内脂肪表型测定及其与IGF2和SCD基因的多态性关联性分析

为了对苏淮猪肌内脂肪含量特征进行评估以及筛选适宜提高苏淮猪肌内脂肪含量的分子标记,屠宰测定体重在(87.61±0.54)kg共314头苏淮猪的肌内脂肪含量,并分析肌内脂肪候选基因标记IGF2基因第3内含子3072AG位点和SCD基因g.2228TC位点在苏淮猪群体的多态性及其与苏淮猪肌内脂肪性状的关联性。结果显示:苏淮猪群体肌内脂肪含量为(1.99±0.04)%,变异系数为37.13%。其中,阉公猪肌内脂肪含量高于母猪肌内脂肪含量,但公母间差异不显著。在IGF2基因中,A等位基因和G等位基因的基因频率分别为0.403和0.597;AA型基因型频率为0.175,AG型为0.455,GG型为0.370;不同基因型之间苏淮猪肌内脂肪含量无显著差异。在SCD基因中,C等位基因与T等位基因的基因频率分别为0.417和0.583;CC型基因型频率为0.169,CT型为0.497,TT型为0.334,不同基因型之间苏淮猪肌内脂肪含量无显著差异。IGF2和SCD基因合并基因型与苏淮猪肌内脂肪含量无显著相关。IGF2和SCD基因的多态位点与苏淮猪的肌内脂肪性状不相关,因此不能作为提高苏淮猪肌内脂肪含量的分子标记。     

猪肌内脂肪沉积的营养调控及候选基因的研究进展

营养调控和基因调控方法相结合是改善猪肌内脂肪沉积的根本途径,已经发现多种不同的营养素(如能量蛋白水平、甜菜碱、矿物质、维生素、共轭亚油酸等)对猪肌内脂肪沉积有重要的调控作用,但目前影响猪肌内脂肪沉积的主效基因并未确定。本文主要综述了不同营养素对猪肌内脂肪沉积的调控作用以及主要的候选基因对猪肌内脂肪沉积作用的研究进展。     

肉鸡肌内脂肪沉积的研究进展

肌肉脂肪分为肌间脂肪和肌内脂肪,肌内脂肪影响着肉质的嫩度、系水力、剪切力值等。一般来说,肌内脂肪含量高,肌肉肉质细嫩,口感好。肌内脂肪的调控机制很复杂,受营养、环境和基因等因素的影响,其中营养调控和基因调控是改善鸡肌内脂肪沉积的根本途径。文章综述了鸡肌内脂肪的形成及营养和基因对其调控作用和机制的研究进展。     

影响猪肌内脂肪含量的几个基因研究现状

猪肉肌内脂肪是决定肉质的一个重要指标,主要由遗传因素控制,利用DNA标记进行标记辅助选择(MAS)来改良猪肌内脂肪含量应是行之有效的方法。基于此,本文简要介绍了影响猪肌内脂肪含量的主基因、候选基因及PPARv基因的当前研究状况,及其与猪肌内脂肪含量的关系,旨在为猪肌内脂肪的改良提供参考。     

影响猪肌内脂肪含量的几个基因研究现状

猪肉肌内脂肪是决定肉质的一个重要指标，主要由遗传因素控制，利用DNA标记进行标记辅助选择(MAS)来改良猪肌内脂肪含量应是行之有效的方法。基于此，本文简要介绍了影响猪肌内脂肪含量的主基因、候选基因及PPARγ基因的当前研究状况，及其与猪肌内脂肪含量的关系，旨在为猪肌内脂肪的改良提供参考。     

牦牛肌内脂肪沉积影响因素及相关基因研究进展

肌内脂肪含量是牦牛肉品质的主要决定因素之一,可通过改变肌内脂肪含量有效改善牦牛肉品质.肌内脂肪的沉积受品种、性别、营养、环境等诸多因素影响,目前对于肌内脂肪沉积相关基因和营养方面的研究较多,但环境和性别因素对肌内脂肪沉积的影响则研究较少.本文主要对影响牦牛肌内脂肪沉淀的因素和牦牛肌内脂肪沉积的相关基因进行综述,旨在为牦...     

猪肌内脂肪的研究进展

猪肌内脂肪的含量是影响猪肉品质的一个重要因素,它影响着肉的嫩度、系水力、剪切力值、风味和多汁性。猪肉肌内脂肪的调控机制很复杂,主要受营养、环境和基因等多个方面的影响,其中,营养调控和基因调控是改善猪肌内脂肪沉积的根本途径。综述了猪肌内脂肪的形成以及营养和基因对其调控作用和机制的研究进展。     

肉牛肌内脂肪沉积相关基因的研究

相关基因对肌内脂肪含量的影响,已引起国内外研究人员的广泛关注,尤其是高档肉牛的育种方面。本文就影响肌内脂肪沉积的几个相关基因的发现、表达部位以及对肉牛肌内脂肪沉积的影响进行了综述和展望。     

藏鸡NAMPT基因组织表达差异分析及其与肌内脂肪含量的相关性研究

为了阐明藏鸡尼克酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)基因的组织表达谱,并分析NAMPT基因表达水平与肌内脂肪含量的相关关系,试验利用索氏抽提法测定各器官组织中肌内脂肪含量,通过荧光定量PCR检测技术测定NAMPT基因在藏鸡不同器官组织中的表达情况,并与肌内脂肪含量进行相关分析。结果表明:NAMPT基因在藏鸡脂肪组织中表达水平最高,极显著高于其他组织(P0.01)。NAMPT基因在胸肌和腿肌中的表达无显著的性别差异。NAMPT mRNA表达量与藏鸡胸肌和腿肌肌内脂肪含量相关关系呈性别分化现象,在公鸡中呈正相关关系,在母鸡中呈负相关关系,NAMPT基因可能与藏鸡生长发育过程中的肌内脂肪沉积有关。     

苏姜猪A-FABP基因遗传多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

研究采用PCR-RFLP技术分析苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪群体A-FABP基因遗传多态性,并用统计学方法分析基因座多态与肉质性状的相关性。结果表明:3个猪种A-FABP基因内含子1均具有Bsm I酶切多态性,分别检测到3种基因型(AA、AB和BB),χ~2适合性检验显示,3个猪种A-FABP基因型分布处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05)。多态信息含量(PIC)分析显示,3个品种猪均为中度多态;基因型与肉质性状关联分析显示,不同基因型肌内脂肪含量、大理石纹差异显著,大理石纹AA、AB型显著高于BB型(P0.05),肌内脂肪含量AA显著高于AB、BB型(P0.05)。结论显示,苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪A-FABP基因intron 1多态性对肉质性状影响显著。     

The temporal-spatial patterns,polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits of FABP1 gene in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

ABSTRACT

1. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) are members of lipid-binding proteins, which participate in the metabolism and intracellular transportation of lipids. This study was designed to investigate the expression patterns, polymorphisms and associations with meat quality traits of the FABP1 gene in pigeons.

2. The temporal-spatial expression patterns showed FABP1 was widely expressed in all eleven tissues from 0–4 weeks of age, the expression level in the liver was the highest, followed by the small intestine and subcutaneous fat.

3. Five novel SNPs were found; all of them were synonymous and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association analysis revealed that for the SNP of G161C, the AB and BB genotypes had higher (P ≤ 0.01) inosinic acid concentrations in breast muscle than the AA genotype. The BB genotype showed the highest (P < 0.01) intramuscular fat among the three genotypes, and significantly greater FABP1 mRNA levels were observed in the breast muscle of the BB genotype than in the AA and AB genotypes (P < 0.01). In the SNP C1376T, the AB and BB genotypes showed higher (P < 0.01) intramuscular fat than the AA genotype, and the relative mRNA expression level of the BB (P < 0.01) and AB (P < 0.05) genotypes was higher than that of the AA genotype in breast muscle. Correlation analysis implied that the FABP1 mRNA expression level was closely related to the inosinic acid (P < 0.05) and intramuscular fat content (P < 0.01). Oil red O staining of frozen sections of breast muscle on d 28 for SNPs G161C and C1376T also indicated that the BB genotype had the highest intramuscular fat content in both SNPs. In addition, correlation analysis implied the FABP1 mRNA expression level was closely related to inosinic acid (P < 0.05) and intramuscular fat content (P < 0.01).

4. The results suggested that FABP1 could be a potential candidate gene in marker-assisted selection for breeding pigeons with high-quality meat.     

畜禽脂肪酸结合蛋白基因研究进展

脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP)基因是肌内脂肪的候选基因,它能影响肌内脂肪(IMF)的含量,对畜禽的肉质品质具有重要作用。本文主要就脂肪酸结合蛋白基因的研究进展作一综述。     

Relationships between muscle growth potential,intramuscular fat content and different indicators of muscle fibre types in young Charolais bulls

Genetic selection in favor of muscle growth at the expense of fat should affect characteristics of muscles, and therefore beef quality. This study was conducted with two extreme groups of six animals selected among 64 Charolais young bulls ranked according to their genetic potential for muscle growth. Muscle characteristics were assessed in Rectus abdominis (RA, slow oxidative) and Semitendinosus (ST, fast glycolytic) muscles. Intramuscular fat content and proportions of myosin heavy chains I (slow) and IIA (fast oxido‐glycolytic) and certain indicators of oxidative metabolism (activities of citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome‐c oxidase (COX); expression of H‐fatty acid binding protein (FABP)) were higher in RA than in ST muscle. Genetic selection for muscle growth reduced intramuscular fat content and the activities of some oxidative metabolism indicators (namely CS, COX only). The positive correlation between muscle triacylglycerol content and A‐FABP messenger RNA level (a marker of adipocyte differentiation) (r = 0.53, P < 0.05) suggests that A‐FABP may be a good marker of the ability of bovines to deposit intramuscular fat. In conclusion, the metabolic muscle characteristics which respond to the selection process in favor of muscle growth clearly differ from the muscle characteristics which allow muscle types to be differentiated.     

Investigation of two candidate genes for meat quality traits in a quantitative trait locus region on SSC6: the porcine short heterodimer partner and heart fatty acid binding protein genes

A highly significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on pig chromosome 6, affecting intramuscular fat (IMF), has previously been detected by our group and others. Two genes of positional and biological interest, the small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) and the heart fatty acid binding protein (FABP3; H‐FABP), were investigated for meat quality traits and IMF respectively. SHP was partially sequenced (GenBank: DQ002896 and DQ002897 ) and mapped to the QTL region on porcine chromosome 6, affecting IMF. The map shows no recombination between SHP and FABP3, which was previously mapped to the same QTL region. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the sequenced region of SHP gene. Haplotype information was used to investigate association between genetic variation and different meat quality traits. SHP haplotype combinations were found to have significant effect on connective tissue. However, further studies are needed to evaluate this possible association more effectively. The FABP3 is involved in fatty acid transport and has been studied as a candidate gene for IMF by several research groups. In our study, FABP3 genotypes were confirmed to be significantly associated with IMF in pigs. The average content of IMF in our population was 1.6%, which may indicate that the FABP3 polymorphism explains as much as 30–35% of the variation in IMF in our pig cross‐population.     

动物心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白基因研究进展

肌内脂肪含量与肉的风味和嫩度等有关。H-FABP基因作为影响肌内脂肪含量的候选基因之一,已引起国内外科研人员的关注。论文就动物H-FABP基因的结构,功能与定位、遗传变异及其与IMF的关系研究状况等方面做一综述,并提出今后研究前景,为深入研究该基因提供参考。     

Gene Expression Analysis on Different Muscles and Intramuscular Adipocytes in Cashmere Goat

The objective of this study was to discover the expression of key genes for fatty deposition in Inner Mongolia cashmere goat,so that deeply analysize the change features of intramuscular fat deposition.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression pattern of seven different genes (PPARγ,FTO,Lipin,LPL,HSL,A-FABP and Perilipin) in ten different muscle tissues,and in intramuscular adipocyte for three periods as early (D3),middle (D7),and end (D11),as well as the changes in key points of induced differentiation time (24,48,72 and 96 h).The correlation between the seven genes and the intramuscular fat content was researched from the prospective of analyzing the tissues and cells.The results showed that FTO gene mRNA had a higher expression in different tissues than that of other genes.While the Lipin gene mRNA expression was the lowest than others,LPL and HSL were the key enzymes in the fat synthesis and splitting,the expression trends of which were basically similar,they only showed the opposite expression pattern in the psoas major muscle,and trapezius A-FABP and Perilipin gene expression patterns were more special,the overall expression level was lower,the former's expression level was higher in next moment chest muscle than other tissues,while the latter's expression level was higher in biceps femoris muscle than other tissues.Analyzing from the cell level,the expression patterns of Lipin,PPARγ,A-FABP and Perilipin were similar,with the increase of adipocytes cultivating day age and the triglyceride accumulation,the corresponding expression level increased gradually;The expression abundance of Lipin gene in each time point was extremely low;The expression level of HSL gene reduced gradually as the differentiation degree increases;The expression level of Perilipin gene was higher only in the late period of induction and differentiation.Through statistical analysis of the correlation,the PPARγ gene mRNA of cashmere goat formed negative correlation with intramuscular fat;While other adipogenic genes like HSL,LPL,FTO,Lipin,Perilipin and A-FABP mRNA formed positive correlation with intramuscular fat content.Therefore,the key gene expression of fat deposition had the specificity,generally,the amount of gene expression by quantitative analysis was FTO> PPARγ> LPL >HSL> A-FABP >Perilipin >Lipin,such results lay foundation for further researching the fat deposition mechanism and improving the quality of cashmere goat.     

绒山羊不同肌肉组织及肌内脂肪细胞的基因表达分析

试验旨在研究脂肪沉积关键基因在内蒙古白绒山羊的表达规律,以期深入分析绒山羊肌内脂肪沉积特征.利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测PPARγ、FTO、Lipin、LPL、HSL、A-FABP和Perilipin7个基因在绒山羊10个不同肌肉组织及肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的3个时期(早期(D3)、中期(D7)、末期(D11))、诱导分化关键时间点(24、48、72和96 h)的变化,分别从组织和细胞角度对其进行分析,并研究其与肌内脂肪含量的关系.结果表明,FTO基因的表达水平高于其他基因;Lipin基因的表达量最低;LPL和HSL是脂肪合成和分解的关键酶类,其表达趋势大致相同,仅仅在腰大肌和斜方肌这两个部位的表达模式相反.A-FABP和Perilipin基因表达模式也较为特殊,整体表达量较低,前者仅仅在胸下矩肌中有较高表达,后者在股二头肌中有较高表达.从细胞水平分析发现Lipin、PPARγ、A-FABP和Perilipin的表达模式相似,随着前体脂肪细胞培养日龄的增加和甘油三酯的积聚,其表达量逐渐升高;Lipin基因在各个时间点的表达丰度极低;HSL基因的表达量随分化程度的升高而逐渐降低;Perilipin基因仅仅在诱导分化的后期有较高表达.相关性统计分析发现,PPARγ基因mRNA与肌内脂肪多呈负相关;而其他成脂基因HSL、LPL、FTO、Lipin、Perilipin、A-FABP mRNA与肌内脂肪含量多呈正相关.因此,脂肪沉积关键基因的表达具有特异性,总体上看基因表达量为FTO> PPARγ> LPL >HSL> A-FABP >Perilipin >Lipin,该结果为进一步研究脂肪沉积机制及优化山羊肉品质奠定基础.