小熊猫接种犬瘟热弱毒疫苗的效果分析

使用荷兰英特威(intervet)公司生产的犬用犬瘟热(Canine Distemper)弱毒疫苗,接种了云南野生动物收容拯救中心、云南野生动物园和南京市红山森林动物园3处不同地点、不同饲养环境条件下的72只小熊猫,历时12 a,先后共接种302次,接种前所有小熊猫经过检疫、检查,无任何疾病,健康状况良好.抽检其中4只小熊猫作抗体变化测定,接种前中和抗体效价平均为1∶44,经犬用犬瘟热病弱毒疫苗接种后中和抗体效价提高到1∶1976,经多次接种试验,除1只发生不良反应出现死亡之外,其余接种的71只健康状况良好,多年来未发生犬瘟热病,通过此次试验,证明使用荷兰英特威公司生产的犬用犬瘟热弱毒疫苗接种小熊猫较为安全,中和抗体效价比接种前提高了45倍,有很好的免疫效果,是国内动物园预防小熊猫犬瘟热较为理想的疫苗.     

马传贫病毒弱毒疫苗免疫马匹后中和抗体变化规律研究

为研究马传贫病毒(EIAV)弱毒疫苗免疫马匹后中和抗体的动态变化规律,本研究通过将表达EIAV囊膜蛋白重组质粒(pcDNA-env),与表达EIAV主要结构基因gag-pol的包装质粒(pUK-gag-pol)、表达荧光素酶的转移载体(pONY8.1)共转染293T细胞,制备了EIAV假病毒粒子(EIAV-Env)。在此基础上,利用该假病毒对2匹EIAV疫苗免疫马在免疫后6个月内不同时间点的中和抗体进行检测。即将EIAV疫苗免疫马血清通过连续4倍稀释,与EIAV-Env共孵育1 h后接种ELR1-293T细胞,36 h后通过检测细胞内荧光酶活性计算不同血清样品的中和抗体滴度。结果显示,EIAV疫苗免疫马血清可以特异性地中和EIAV-Env。EIAV疫苗免疫马后,随着时间的增加其体内中和抗体滴度逐渐升高,在6个月时能够达到最高值,这提示中和抗体可能与EIAV疫苗体液免疫成熟相关。本研究为进一步深入EIAV及其疫苗诱导体液免疫保护机制的研究提供了相关的实验依据。     

鸭瘟灭活疫苗效力试验和安全试验

将已建立的鸭瘟病毒(DPV)AV1221株基础种毒经鸭胚繁殖、收集胚液病毒、0.2%甲醛溶液灭活后,与矿物油佐剂乳化制备了3批鸭瘟灭活疫苗.成鸭的免疫攻毒测定,疫苗最小免疫剂量为0.12 mL,确定使用剂量为每羽份0.5 mL.单剂量、单剂量重复和超剂量安全试验结果显示,疫苗不引起产蛋鸭的全身不良反应和明显的局部反应.疫苗的免疫攻毒试验结果表明,疫苗在不同品种的成鸭中,使用不同的免疫途径,均能诱导产生80%以上保护;在雏鸭中,经二次免疫也能够诱导产生80%以上保护.疫苗一次免疫鸭后,不同时间诱导产生的中和抗体滴度(GMT)分别是,7 d为1:3.2、10 d为1:4.6、14 d为1:8,21 d、30 d和60 d均为1:7;免后10 d可以产生80%攻毒保护,14 d和21 d可产生完全保护.疫苗的免疫持续期试验结果表明,成鸭经1次免疫后150 d,雏鸭经二次免疫后60 d均可维持80%以上保护.     

几种犬瘟热弱毒疫苗免疫效果比较研究

选用小熊猫(LP)株犬瘟热病毒(CDV)驯化致弱毒株为种毒研制的CD弱毒苗与另外4种CD弱毒疫苗,分别接种于5组易感幼犬,于最后1次接种后第14d和第21d采血,分离血清测定CDVSN抗体效价,并于第21d采血后用CDV强毒攻击,统计保护率。结果5组犬免疫后其中和抗体都有不同程度升高,分别从1∶10以下升高到1∶25～1∶360不等,选用LPV70毒种作为种毒的第1组犬免疫抗体效价最高,平均达到1∶185以上,攻毒试验保护率达到100%,2组抗体效价达到平均数1∶180,保护率达到90%,3组、4组抗体平均水平1∶30和1∶40,攻毒试验保护率分别只有40%和50%,5组平均抗体水平为1∶140,攻毒试验保护率为87.5%。     

猪病毒性腹泻弱毒疫苗与灭活疫苗联合使用的免疫效果评价

为研究猪病毒性腹泻弱毒疫苗与灭活疫苗联合使用的免疫效果,本实验应用"猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)-猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)-猪轮状病毒(PoRV)三联弱毒疫苗"和"PEDV-TGEV二联灭活疫苗"对100头妊娠母猪和所产140头仔猪进行不同免疫,在不同日龄对仔猪前腔静脉采血并离心取上清,利用直接ELISA方法测定其免疫抗体滴度。结果表明,妊娠母猪于产前40 d首次免疫和产前20 d二次免疫,所产仔猪3日龄滴鼻接种三联弱毒疫苗,28日龄二次免疫和65日龄三次免疫后14 d,抗体滴度开始上升。通过本实验基本分析猪病毒性腹泻疫苗母源抗体和免疫抗体水平的消长规律,为猪病毒性腹泻疫苗免疫程序提供理论参考。     

CpG DNA重组质粒对猪O型口蹄疫病毒抗原的免疫佐剂效应

作者应用含CpG基序序列的重组质粒(即CpG DNA)作为免疫佐剂,评价其对猪O型口蹄疫病毒抗原疫苗的免疫增强效果.结果表明:CpG DNA重组质粒与猪口蹄疫灭活病毒抗原疫苗配伍免疫小鼠,CpG DNA重组质粒对小鼠具有较强的免疫佐剂效应,能促进口蹄疫病毒抗原诱导产生较高水平的特异性抗体,其抗体滴度是空载体疫苗对照的2倍.CpG DNA重组质粒与商品化猪口蹄疫灭活疫苗配伍免疫试验猪,其增强抗原诱导的特异性抗体滴度最高可达标准疫苗的4倍以上,也显著高于空载体疫苗对照;与病毒纯化抗原配伍免疫动物,攻毒后其免疫保护效力的PD50高达13.00,远高于标准疫苗对照(PD50> 4.69).在CpG DNA重组质粒剂量选择试验中,含低剂量的CpG DNA疫苗(50、200μg·头份-1)都比高剂量组(500 μg·头份-1)诱导的抗体滴度高,其中50和200μg·头份-1的CpG DNA剂量,在接种后14～32 d诱导的抗体滴度高达1:1 500,是标准疫苗的4～5倍,而500μg·头份-1剂量诱导的抗体仅是标准疫苗的2倍,说明CpG DNA重组质粒在低剂量时即可发挥强烈的佐剂效应.研究表明CpG DNA对猪O型口蹄疫病毒抗原疫苗有较强的免疫佐剂效应,且使用剂量低,应用前景广阔.     

5种塞内卡病毒灭活疫苗佐剂的比较研究

为研究比较5种塞内卡病毒疫苗佐剂,分别用4种自主研发佐剂和进口ISA206佐剂配制塞内卡病毒灭活疫苗,检测疫苗的理化性质、安全性及免疫效力,并对检测结果进行对比分析。结果显示,进口ISA206佐剂疫苗黏度为43.02 cP,自主研发佐剂疫苗黏度均在27.88 cP以下,其他理化性质无差异;5批疫苗安全性试验均未见明显异常;5批疫苗免疫动物后均可诱导机体产生中和抗体,二免后14 d抗体滴度在2¹¹以上,4批自主研发佐剂疫苗免疫组抗体滴度水平高于进口ISA206佐剂疫苗约1个滴度,攻毒保护结果均在4/5以上,2批自主研发佐剂疫苗免疫组保护率可达5/5。结果表明,用4种自主研发佐剂制备的塞内卡病毒灭活疫苗质量不低于用进口ISA206佐剂制备的塞内卡病毒灭活疫苗。     

高致病性猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗与灭活疫苗的免疫效果评估试验

在相同饲养条件下,对35日龄仔猪分别使用高致病性猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗与灭活疫苗进行免疫接种。在接种当天、接种后28d、58d分别检测高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体水平。结果显示,使用弱毒疫苗免疫的试验猪,其高致病性猪蓝耳病抗体上升速度和抗体水平均优于使用灭活疫苗的试验猪。弱毒疫苗可在接种后21～28d产生免疫力,免疫期为4个月。猪繁殖与呼吸综合征流行地区应该首先考虑使用弱毒疫苗。     

狐貉犬瘟热、细小病毒性肠炎和脑(肝)炎三联疫苗研制

用CDV弱毒、FPV弱毒和CAV-2型弱毒研制成功了狐貉三联疫苗.该三联疫苗安全可靠,免疫原性强,免疫期6个月以上,室温可保存3d,4℃可保存2周,-20℃可保存6个月,该三联疫苗免疫剂量为3ml/只,CDV、FPV和CAV-2型弱毒疫苗滴度分别为106.0～108.0,现场应用100余万只狐貉,抗体阳转率93%.     

表达新城疫HN和F基因重组禽痘病毒的免疫效力测定

将8日龄SPF鸡随机分组.分别接种rFPVHN、rFPVF、rFPVNHF重组禽痘病毒,接种量为每只鸡105PFU,另一组群用La Sota活苗经点眼、滴鼻接种10<'6>EID<,50>.于免疫后6d、12d和18d测定HI和微量中和抗体.结果发现,3种重组病毒均能刺激鸡群产生抗新城疫病毒特异抗体,但抗体产生时间比La Sota活苗缓慢,且抗体滴度亦低.然而共表达HN和F的rFPVNHF免疫鸡群的中和抗体水平明显比rFPVHN和rFPVF组群高.表明rFPVNHF的保护性免疫更优于HN或F单基因重组禽痘病毒.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。