鹅细小病毒QY株的生物特性研究

本研究的病毒是从广东患病鹅的小肠组织中分离的,初步鉴定为小鹅瘟病毒(Goose parvovirus,GPV),命名为QY/05后,对病毒的生物学特性进行了鉴定。病料经过处理后,接种12日龄非免疫鹅胚,传代,发现病毒对鹅胚的平均致死时间为3～4d,胚体全身出现较为严重的出血点。病毒接种鹅成纤维细胞和番鸭成纤维细胞,显微镜下可见细胞圆缩、脱落、折光性增强等明显的细胞病变。鹅胚尿囊液经梯度离心后,磷钨酸负染,电镜下可见明显细小的病毒样粒子。这株小鹅瘟病毒尿囊液对鹅胚的EID50为10-3.67/0.3ml。对鹅胚成纤维细胞的TCID50分别为2-5.425/0.1ml。感染一个病毒最小致死量的鹅胚平均死亡时间(MDT)分别为96h。提取DNA后,PCR扩增,在阳性对照处扩增出需要的目的条带。研究结果表明,该分离毒株为典型的鹅细小病毒(Goose Parvovirus,GPV)。     

小鹅瘟病毒分离与初步鉴定

取死于具有小鹅瘟典型症状的 7日龄吉林白鹅脾脏 ,制成乳剂 ,接种于未免疫小鹅瘟疫苗的健康母鹅所产种蛋的 12日龄鹅胚尿囊腔。结果当盲传至第 3代 ,鹅胚死亡 ,电镜负染尿囊液观察到细小病毒样粒子。雏鹅接种试验结果表明 ,试验组雏鹅表现出小鹅瘟临床症状和剖检特征。由此证明 ,该雏鹅死于小鹅瘟     

鹅细小病毒强毒YBLJ分离株的分离鉴定与vp3基因的进化分析

为分离鹅细小病毒(GPV),本研究将疑似GPV感染鹅的组织样品接种SPF鹅胚进行病毒分离和鉴定.结果显示,第4代病毒对12日龄鹅胚的平均致死时间为96 h,ELD50为10-4.6/0.5 mL,PCR和琼脂扩散试验均呈GPV阳性反应,负染电镜下可观察到直径20 nm～25 nm的圆形或六角形病毒粒子,病毒可以被GPV标准阳性血清完全中和,回归雏鹅后表现典型的GP临床症状和特征性病理变化,发病率和致死率均为100％.分离株GPV的vp3基因全长1 605 bp,编码534个氨基酸,与国内外有代表性11株GPVvp3基因的核苷酸同源性为94％～98％,氨基酸同源性为96％～99％.将该分离病毒命名为GPVYBLJ分离株.     

新型鸭源细小病毒安徽株AH-D15株的分离鉴定

为确定安徽省某鸭场发生的以雏鸭发育迟缓、鸭喙萎缩、舌头外伸下弯为特征的疾病病因,本研究利用PCR对病鸭样品进行检测,结果扩增出鹅细小病毒(GPV)特异性目的片段。将PCR阳性病料组织样品接种11日龄樱桃谷鸭胚,盲传3代后,可致鸭胚胚体出血严重,并且鸭喙畸形,证实分离到一株鸭源细小病毒(命名为AH-D15株)。利用第3代尿囊液感染2日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭,2周后感染鸭出现短喙症状,并从鸭脑、肾、脾、胰腺和肝脏组织内检测到病毒。将分离病毒株的VP3核苷酸序列与Gen Bank中登录的GPV和番鸭细小病毒进行比对,结果表明AH-D15株与德国的VG32/1株和匈牙利的virulent B株亲缘关系最近,同源性分别为96.3%和96.5%。上述结果表明从病鸭体内分离到的鸭细小病毒可能来源于GPV,因此为该病的防控提供实验依据。     

一株GPV的分离鉴定及致病性研究

为了确定导致吉林省某地区10日龄雏鹅发病的病原,从病死雏鹅的肝脏中分离到一株病毒,根据病毒的电镜照片,动物回归试验及PCR鉴定,确定为鹅细小病毒。PCR产物测序后经BLAST比对显示,分离毒株与NCBI收录的GPV VP3基因同源性均在92%以上,与GPV/CH/HLJ02/08VP3基因的同源性最高,达99%。致病性研究表明,分离株的ELD50为10-6.5/0.2mL,毒力较强,且该毒株能被GPV标准血清所中和。     

鹅细小病毒主要结构蛋白VP3基因的克隆与序列分析

将GPV H2分离株接种于13日龄非免疫鸭胚，收集接毒后3－7日死亡鸭胚的尿囊液。纯化病毒，通过PCR技术，从病毒基因组DNA中扩增出病毒衣壳蛋白VP3完整基因片段，经酶切鉴定后直接与pMD 18-T质粒载体连接，转化感受态大肠杆菌TG1。提取重组质粒经PCR鉴定和酶切鉴定后，对插入片段进行序列测定及分析。结果表明；鹅细小病毒H1分离株VP3基因全长1605bp,编码534个氨基酸，与国外已发表的鹅细小病毒B株核苷酸序列同源性为98．5％，氨基酸序列同源性为98．3％，表明这二个毒株亲缘关系相近。     

一株GPV的分离鉴定及致病性研究

为了确定导致吉林省某地区10日龄雏鹅发病的病原,从病死雏鹅的肝脏中分离到一株病毒,根据病毒的电镜照片,动物回归试验及PCR鉴定,确定为鹅细小病毒。PCR产物测序后经BLAST比对显示,分离毒株与NCBI收录的GPVVP3基因同源性均在92％以上,与GPV／CH／HLJ02／08VP3基因的同源性最高,达99％。致病性研究表明,分离株的ELD50为10^-6.5／0．2mL,毒力较强,且该毒株能被GPV标准血清所中和。     

免疫雏鹅发生小鹅瘟的原因分析

2018年6月,安徽某鹅场接种过小鹅瘟蛋黄抗体的2批雏鹅发生小鹅瘟,再次用小鹅瘟蛋黄抗体产品进行紧急接种,有一定的控制效果,但仍有雏鹅死亡。为分析其原因,采集了8只9-12日龄病死鹅的肝脏和脾脏,用PCR扩增检测水禽细小病毒的VP3基因,选8份阳性样品测定了鹅细小病毒(GPV)VP1部分序列并进行了序列分析。结果显示,16份组织样品均为阳性。在443 nt VP1区,所测8株病毒之间的序列同源性为100%,与GPV亚洲强毒分支之间的序列同源性为99%。随后,用琼脂扩散沉淀试验分析了2株待检毒株与GPV参考毒株的抗原相关性,并测定了2种小鹅瘟蛋黄抗体产品的效价。结果显示,待检毒株与参考毒株具有相同的沉淀抗原,2种小鹅瘟蛋黄抗体产品的效价分别为1∶2和1∶16。表明免疫雏鹅仍发生小鹅瘟的原因并非源自GPV变异,而是与某些蛋黄抗体产品的抗体效价较低有关。     

鹅副粘病毒病的防制

1 病原 该病原为副粘病毒,能够引起10日龄SPF鸡胚死亡,鸡胚尿囊液具有较高血凝效价(达210左右),并能被康复鹅血清特异抑制.传代毒株接种鹅胚,可在48小时致死鹅胚,尿囊液血凝效价达210,病毒不能致死鸭胚,但能从病料中回收到病毒. 2流行特点 各种年龄的鹅均有易感性,年龄越小发病率越高,对10日龄以内的雏鹅具有高度的致死性,感染后其病死率可高达100％;11 ～15日龄雏鹅感染后病死率也高达90％以上.随着鹅群日龄的增长,发病率和死亡率下降.产蛋鹅群感染本病后,除了发病死亡外,产蛋率大大下降.     

蛋鸭常用疫苗的选择和使用

1 雏鸭肝炎弱毒疫苗 用于预防雏鸭肝炎,采用雏鸭肝炎鸡胚化或鸭胚化弱毒株,接种12～14日龄鸭胚尿囊腔或9～10日龄鸡胚尿囊腔,收获48～96h内死亡胚的尿囊液,     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.