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1.
A total of 180 weanling pigs (21 ± 3 d of age; 5.98 ± 0.04 kg) were used to investigate the effect of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora. Based on initial BW, gender and litter, the pigs were given 5 treatments during a 14-d feeding experiment, including a basal diet (control), 3 diets with COS supplementation (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg), and a diet with colistin sulfate (CSE) supplementation (20 mg/kg). Six randomly selected pigs from each treatment were used to collect serum, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and cecal samples on d 7 and 14 postweaning. From d 1 to 7 postweaning, pigs fed COS or CSE had greater ADG and ADFI compared with the control pigs. From d 1 to 14, diets with either 400 or 600 mg/kg COS, or 20 mg/kg CSE increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with the control diet. No significant differences were observed in ADG, ADFI, and G:F between the pigs fed COS and CSE. Pigs fed either 400 or 600 mg/kg COS, or 20 mg/kg CSE had less (P < 0.05) diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum, but greater concentration of (P < 0.05) DAO in jejunal mucosa, than the control pigs on d 7 postweaning. Treatments did not affect villous height and crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum. Pigs fed COS at 400 mg/kg had greater (P < 0.05) concentration of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the cecum than pigs fed the control diet and CSE diet on d 7 postweaning. Supplementation of COS or CSE decreased (P < 0.05) the population of cecal Staphylococcus aureus compared with the control diet on d 7 postweaning. The number of cecal Bifidobacteria in pigs fed 600 mg/kg COS was greater (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed the control diet or CSE diet on d 14 postweaning. No significant differences were observed in Escherichia coli counts in the cecum among treatments. The present results indicate that dietary supplementation of COS at 400 or 600 mg/kg promotes growth performance and improves gut barrier function, increases the population of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, and decreases S. aureus in the cecum of weanling pigs.  相似文献   

2.
Two hundred eighty-eight 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments to examine the effect of usingBacillus amyloliquefaciens-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) to replace antibiotics in the late growth stage on performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, and intestinal morphology in broilers. The experimental diets were (1) a negative control (NC) group fed a basal diet without any antibiotics; (2) a positive control (PC) group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin; (3) a test group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21 and 30 mg/kg of DFM from d 22 to 42 (DFM30); and (4) a test group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21 and 60 mg/kg of DFM from d 22 to 42 (DFM60). The results showed that DFM30 and DFM60 increased BW gain and improved FCR as compared with NC group (P < 0.05). Generally, the PC, DFM30, and DFM60 groups showed increased apparent total tract nutrient digestibility for DM, CP, and AME as compared with the NC group. Both the DFM30 and DFM60 groups decreased cecalEscherichia coli population as compared with the NC group, and increased the population ofLactobacillus as compared with the PC group. The PC, DFM30, and DFM60 groups increased villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with NC. In conclusion, dietary supplementation withB. amyloliquefaciens-based DFM during d 22 to 42 may enhance performance by increasing nutrient digestibility and improving intestinal health in birds fed diets supplemented with zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21.  相似文献   

3.
本研究旨在探讨猪源唾液乳杆菌对生长猪氮表观消化率和血清指标的影响。选用平均体重为(35.22±0.86)kg长×大二元杂交猪81头,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.20%、0.40%猪源唾液乳杆菌冻干制剂,试验期为30 d。结果表明:添加0.20%、0.40%的猪源唾液乳杆菌冻干制剂可显著提高生长猪氮表观消化率(P<0.05);与对照组相比,2个试验组猪血清白球比显著降低(P<0.05),尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶含量分别比对照组降低了14.77%和13.42%(P<0.05)、16.92%和20.0%(P<0.05)、28.96%和23.00%(P<0.01),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加猪源唾液乳杆菌能够提高生长猪氮表观消化率,改善血清指标,减少应激,且以添加剂量为0.20%时效果最好。  相似文献   

4.
J.P. Wang  J.S. Yoo  H.J. Kim  J.H. Lee  I.H. Kim   《Livestock Science》2009,125(2-3):298-303
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chitooligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbiota in growing pigs. A total of 144 [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs with an initial body weight of 23.6 ± 1.1 kg were allotted to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) basal diet; 2) basal diet with 44 mg/kg of tylosin (100 mg/kg tylosin); 3) basal diet with 5 g/kg of COS and 4) basal diet with 5 g/kg COS and 44 mg/kg tylosin. There were nine replications per treatment with four pigs per pen. Throughout the experiment, pigs that were treated with a combination of COS and tylosin had a lower ADFI (P = 0.02) and higher gain/feed ratio (P < 0.05) than the other treatments. In addition, administration of either COS or tylosin alone significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy (P < 0.05). The red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, as well as the serum albumin concentrations were not affected by COS or tylosin supplementation. However, the lymphocyte proportion and serum total protein concentration were increased in pigs fed tylosin supplemented diets compared with those pigs fed diets not supplemented with tylosin (P < 0.05). Administration of tylosin significantly increased serum IgG concentration (P = 0.02); however, treatment with COS or tylosin supplementation had no effect on the total cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. The serum HDL cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in pigs treated with COS (P = 0.02) compared to the pigs fed diets without COS. The COS administration also decreased the number of fecal Escherichia coli (P < 0.01), whereas the number of fecal Lactobacilli was not influenced by either COS or tylosin administration. Results of the current study indicate that dietary supplementation of COS can improve nutrient digestibility and haematological profiles, as well as decrease of fecal E. coli populations in growing pigs.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

1. Two experiments were conducted, the first to determine the optimum inclusion of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) in broiler diets to support growth performance, digestive functions, intestinal morphology, and immune organs. The second experiment evaluated the immune-protective properties of COS on broiler chickens during coccidia challenge (CC).

2. Experiment 1 investigated the effect of graded dietary concentration of COS in the diets of broiler chickens using eight cage replicates for each of the six diets. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was used as the basal diet and supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 g of COS/kg feed to form the six treatments.

3. The diet supplemented with 1.0 g COS/kg of feed provided the optimal inclusion level for broiler chickens regarding body weight (BW) gain, jejunal villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and ileal energy digestibility at d 22 of age.

4. Experiment 2 investigated the immune-protective properties of COS in broiler chickens during CC. A total of 224 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight replicate cages in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two COS concentrations (0 or 1 g of COS/kg of diet), with or without CC.

5. On d 18 of age, birds in the CC group received twice the recommended coccidia vaccine dose of 30 doses/kg BW.

6. Coccidia challenge reduced (P < 0.05) and dietary COS increased (P < 0.05) BW gain, and feed intake. Dietary COS mitigated (P < 0.05) the CC-induced effects on gain:feed. Dietary COS supplementation attenuated the CC-induced effects (P < 0.05) on the expression of occludin genes.

7. In conclusion, dietary COS improved performance, and the immune-related beneficial impact of COS supplementation was associated with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes.  相似文献   

6.
Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that supplementing nursery pig diets with a mixture of carbohydrases (CS) will improve pig performance and nutrient digestibility. The CS used in these experiments contained 7 units/g of alpha-1,6-galactosidase, 22 units/g of beta-1,4-mannanase, beta-1,4 mannosidase, and trace amounts of other enzymes. In Exp. 1, 108 pigs weaned at d 21 of age were fed one of three diets containing 0 (control), 0.1, or 0.2% CS for 5 wk, based on a three-phase feeding program (1, 2, and 2 wk). Over the entire 35-d period, ADG was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment, but supplementing 0.1% CS increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed by 9%. Experiment 2 used 10 gilts fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum at 3 wk of age. After cannulation, pigs were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Ileal samples were collected for the 3 d following the 5-d adjustment period during Phase III. Apparent ileal digestibility of GE, lysine, threonine, and tryptophan was greater (P < 0.05) in the CS diet. In Exp. 3, 90 pigs weaned at 21 d of age were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Phase III diets were fed for 3 wk. Average daily gain of the CS group was greater (P < 0.05) than the control group during wk 3. Gain:feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) for the carbohydrase group during the entire Phase III period. Four pigs per treatment were killed at the end of Exp. 3 to measure villus height and to determine the concentration of raffinose and stachyose in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Average villus height was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the CS diet. Carbohydrase supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of stachyose in freeze-dried digesta from the proximal and distal small intestine. Raffinose concentration, on the other hand, was decreased (P < 0.05) by CS supplementation only in the distal small intestine. These lower concentrations suggest that CS improved the digestibility of carbohydrate in soybean meal. In conclusion, the addition of CS to Phase I and Phase II nursery diets containing low levels of soybean meal did not improve pig performance, but its addition to corn-soybean meal-based Phase III nursery diets improved gain:feed ratio and energy and AA digestibility.  相似文献   

7.
Thirty-six crossbred barrows with an average initial age of 42 d and BW of 13.8 kg were placed in individual metabolism crates in a 35-d experiment to evaluate the supplementation of a semipurified diet with graded levels of crystalline niacin. Response criteria were energy and N balance, growth performance, occurrence of niacin deficiency diarrhea, and urinary excretion of the niacin metabolite N(1)-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxylamide (PYR). The basal diet met the true ileal Trp requirement of growing swine, and supplementation with 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, or 44 mg of niacin/kg made 6 treatments. Pigs were observed for scours twice daily, and pig BW and feed consumption were determined weekly. Total urine collections and fecal grab samples were made twice daily from each pig from d 28 to 35. Pigs fed the diet containing 14 mg of niacin/kg absorbed and retained more (P < 0.05) grams of N/d, had a greater N digestibility (%, P < 0.05), a greater ADFI and ADG (P < 0.10), and no diarrhea (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the diet containing 6 mg of niacin/kg, and pigs fed the diet containing 10 mg of niacin/kg were intermediate in ADG. There were no additional improvements in the response criteria with niacin supplementation greater than 14 mg/kg. Urinary PYR criteria (mg/L and mg/d) were greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed the diet containing 44 mg of niacin/kg than for pigs fed the diets containing 6 to 22 mg of niacin/kg. However, urinary PYR criteria for pigs fed the diets containing 6 to 22 mg of niacin/kg did not differ from each other, indicating that PYR was not a sensitive indicator of niacin status for growing swine. Niacin treatment did not affect the percentages of N retained/N absorbed, N retained/N intake, DE, or ME. In conclusion, 14 mg of crystalline niacin/kg of semipurified diet adequate in Trp was the minimum concentration of niacin that maximized N utilization and growth performance, and prevented niacin deficiency diarrhea of growing swine in the current experiment. Because practical feed ingredients may be sources of available endogenous niacin, supplementation of practical diets with 100% of the current NRC requirement for niacin should provide adequate niacin for growing swine.  相似文献   

8.
The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Cu on the growth performance,digestive enzymes,tissue minerals and absorptive transporters in small intestinal mucosa of weanling pigs.One hundred crossbred pigs weaned at 28±2 d of age were assigned randomly to one of the following diets with 5 replicates:corn-soybean basal diet with 10,100,175,250 mg/kg of Cu as CuSO4·5H2O.The results showed that 250 mg/kg Cu had a positive effect (P0.05) on average daily gain,daily feed intake and ratio of gain/feed.Compared to 10 mg/kg Cu,higher Cu had significant effect on the apparent digestibility of protein and fat (P0.05).The supplementing of Cu improved amylase and lipase activity in jejunum content and lipase in pancreas (P0.05) and had no effect on intestinal morphology.The liver Cu elevated approximately 4-fold in pigs fed diet with 250 mg/kg Cu compared with pigs fed diet with 10 mg/kg Cu,no increases were observed in pigs receiving the lower level of Cu (100 and 175 mg/kg).Both Fe and Zn contents in kidney and liver were not affected by Cu supplementation.There was no positive effect (P0.05) of Cu supplementation on PepT1 (peptide transporter 1) and SGLT1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter) mRNA abundance in intestinal mucosa.However,higher supplementing level (250 mg/kg) significantly elevated the DMT1 (divalent metal transporter) mRNA abundance in duodenum mucosa.These results suggested that dietary supplementation with 250 mg/kg Cu could improve growth performance,nutrient digestibility and intestinal enzyme activities of weanling pigs.  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加壳寡糖与干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响。选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)健康肉公鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg壳寡糖、2×106CFU/g干酪乳杆菌、120 mg/kg壳寡糖+2×106CFU/g干酪乳杆菌。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,单独添加壳寡糖或壳寡糖与干酪乳杆菌共同添加可显著提高肉鸡平均日增重、胸肌和腿肌红度(a*)值,肌肉脂肪和肌苷酸含量以及胸肌单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量(P0.05),显著降低胸肌饱和脂肪酸含量、腿肌黄度(b*)值(P0.05)。2)饲粮中单独添加干酪乳杆菌显著提高腿肌脂肪及胸肌单不饱和脂肪酸含量(P0.05),显著降低胸肌饱和脂肪酸含量(P0.05)。3)饲粮中单独添加壳寡糖、干酪乳杆菌或二者共同添加均可显著降低血浆、胸肌和腿肌丙二醛含量(P0.05),显著提高血浆、胸肌和腿肌总超氧化物歧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力(P0.05),显著降低血浆肌酸激酶的活性(P0.05)。综合分析表明,饲粮中添加壳寡糖、干酪乳杆菌或二者共同添加可提高肉鸡的生长性能和抗氧化性能,改善肌肉品质,而单独添加120 mg/kg壳寡糖效果最佳。  相似文献   

10.
A total of 150 weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average BW of 7.22 ± 0.80 kg (21 d of age) were used in a 28-d trial to determine the effects of dietary fructan and mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs. Pigs were allotted randomly to 1 of 5 dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC), basal diet; 2) positive control (PC), NC + 0.01% apramycin (165 mg/kg); 3) NC + 0.1% fructan (FC); 4) NC + 0.1% mannan oligosaccharide source (MO); and 5) NC + 0.05% fructan + 0.05% mannan oligosaccharide source (FM). There were 3 replications per treatment with 10 pigs per pen (5 barrows and 5 gilts). From d 0 to 14, ADG and ADFI of pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. From d 15 to 28, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in ADG, ADFI, and G:F. During the overall period (d 0 to 28), pigs fed the MO diet had a greater ADG than pigs fed the NC diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the PC and MO diets increased ADFI (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. However, no differences were detected among dietary treatments in G:F during the overall experimental period. On d 14, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and N in pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets was greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. The ATTD of DM increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the MO and FM diets compared with pigs fed the FC diet. However, at the end of the experiment, pigs fed the FM diet had a greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Additionally, there were no differences in IgG, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocyte counts among dietary treatments on d 0, 14, or 28. The diarrhea score in pigs fed the MO diet was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. In conclusion, mannan oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs. Furthermore, mannan oligosaccharides can decrease diarrhea score in weanling pigs.  相似文献   

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