Effect of colostral fat level on fat deposition and plasma metabolites in the newborn pig

The effects of colostral fat level on fat deposition and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in 28 newborn pigs during the first postnatal day. Soon after birth, pigs were allotted to four treatments groups. Group 1 was killed at birth. The remaining pigs were fed intragastrically sow colostrum that contained high (10.2%; HFC), normal (4.8%; NFC) or low (1.0%; LFC) levels of total fat at the rate of 15 to 18 g/kg birth weight at 65- to 70-min intervals. A total of 21 feedings was provided and pigs were killed 1 h after the last feeding. Body fat deposition increased linearly (P less than .01) with the amount of ingested fat by .32 (+/- .04) g per 1-g increase in fat intake. Fatty acid composition of the pigs changed toward that of the colostrum with increased fat in colostrum. More liver glycogen was lost (P less than .01) in pigs given LFC. Plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were similar in pigs fed HFC and NFC. After the 11th feeding (14 h postnatal), LFC resulted in lower plasma glucose concentrations (P less than .05) than HFC or NFC. Plasma insulin concentrations also were lower in pigs fed LFC. Plasma FFA concentrations remained unchanged in pigs fed LFC but increased with both fat content in colostrum (P less than .05) and time (P less than .05) in the other two groups. Colostral fat plays a major role in the supply of energy and in glucose homeostasis in the neonatal pig.     

牛磺酸对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠脂肪代谢的影响

采用白酒灌胃及饲喂高脂饲料的方法建立大鼠酒精性脂肪肝病模型，探讨牛磺酸对酒精脂肪肝病大鼠脂肪代谢的影响。将40只Wister大鼠随机分为对照组（10只）、模型组（10只）、预防组（10只）和治疗组（10只），试验周期共为16周。检测牛磺酸干预后大鼠血清中的总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、甲状腺激素（T3、T4）的含量，制作大鼠肝组织切片，观察病理学变化，从而研究牛磺酸的药理学效应。结果表明，牛磺酸可以有效降低大鼠血清中TC、LDL-C、TG、T4含量，提高大鼠血清中HDL-C、T3含量；牛磺酸能够减轻肝的病理损伤程度，表现为牛磺酸干预后大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性数量明显减少，脂肪空泡变性程度明显减轻。     

富锗酵母对高脂小鼠脂肪代谢的影响

试验选用60只健康的雄性小白鼠,完全随机地将其分成5组,即基础料组、高脂组和试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组,建立高脂模型。以高脂组为对照组,对试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组小鼠分别饲喂20、40、60 mg/kg三个浓度梯度的富锗酵母。测定不同剂量的富锗酵母下,对各组小鼠生长性能、脂肪和血清指标的影响。结果表明:在生长性能上,富锗酵母能不同程度降低料重比,提高日增重;在体脂方面,能极显著降低生殖器官周围脂肪的质量;在血清指标上,富锗酵母能不同程度降低小鼠血液中总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量。富锗酵母对雄性高脂小鼠有一定的降脂和促进生长的作用。     

Effect of dietary fat on mineral retention in the chick

Chicks were fed seven experimental diets to determine whether the level or type of dietary fat affected the retention of calcium, iron, magnesium or zinc. It was found that the presence of any type of fat at or above the 5 per cent level decreased the retention of all four. Retention decreased with increasing dietary fat concentration and increased with increasing absorbability of the fat. For fats of similar absorbabilities, minerals were more poorly retained when the fat was present as free fatty acid. Lowest mineral retention occurred with poorly absorbed free fatty acid.     

脂肪对动物免疫功能作用的研究

脂肪是动物体内至关重要的营养物质,在动物生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。近年来,许多科研工作者对脂肪酸进行了深入的研究,并探讨了脂肪酸与免疫间的关系。研究发现,多不饱和脂肪酸能增强免疫应答反应,有助于动物抵抗免疫性疾病。因此,越来越多的人开始重视多不饱和脂肪酸对免疫功能的影响,并运用大量试验来揭示脂肪酸与机体免疫系统之间的关系。本文综述了脂肪酸的种类,重点总结了脂肪以及多不饱和脂肪酸对动物体免疫功能的影响。     

瘤胃稳定性脂肪的应用研究

能量是高产奶牛发挥产奶遗传潜力的最限制养分之一。在围产期和泌乳前期，由于能量负平衡奶牛不得不动用体脂贮存满足能量需要，尤其是高产奶牛。其结果常常引起酮病和繁殖障碍，继而导致下个泌乳期产奶量下降。通过提高日粮中谷物的比例以增加饲料的能量浓度，能够引发瘤胃酸中毒和     

共轭亚油酸对猪脂肪沉积的影响

本文就共轭亚油酸对猪脂肪沉积、脂肪组织中脂肪酸的组成、脂肪代谢的影响作一综述,并探讨共轭亚油酸可能的作用机理。     

饲料粗脂肪含量测定方法改进

饲料中粗脂肪的含量是判定饲料产品质量和等级的重要指标。目前 ,饲料中粗脂肪测定一般都依据国标GB6433- 1 994进行。在工作实践中 ,我们发现国标法有以下缺点 :操作步骤比较繁琐 ,抽提瓶质量比粗脂肪质量大得多 ,容易引起较大的误差 ;一次检测样品量少 ,大批量样品检测难以快速实现 ;乙醚有较强的刺激气味 ,对人体有麻醉作用。为了克服上述弊端 ,结合多年工作经验 ,我们对饲料中粗脂肪的测定方法进行了改进 ,并取得了比较理想的效果 ,现介绍如下。1　测定方法1 1仪器设备　索氏抽提器、电子天平 (感量 0 1mg)、烘箱、电热恒温水浴锅、…     

Effect of saturated fat on growth,body fat composition and carcase quality in chicks

1. The effects of feeding two fats with different degrees of saturation on skin tearing, carcase quality and body fat composition were examined in male and female chickens.

2. No differences in growth or efficiency of food utilisation were apparent on feeding the more saturated fat. Skin tearing was slightly reduced and carcase quality slightly improved on feeding the more saturated fat for 28 d.

3. Decreases in linoleic acid content in intra‐abdominal fat were apparent after 14 d feeding the diet containing saturated fat. These decreases were greater after feeding the saturated fat for 28 d.     

波本杂交一代山羊生产肥羔的试验效果

选择3月龄左右的波本（波尔山羊与渝东白山羊）杂交一代羊20只,采用完全随机化试验设计,分成2个组,进行为期90d的肥育试验,观察波杂一代羊用作肥羔生产的效果。以活体重、胴体重、肌肉颜色、肋肉厚度为考察指标,结果显示肥羔肉等级介于良好级与优等级之间,表明波尔山羊与渝东白山羊杂交一代用作肥羔生产有良好的效果。     

奶牛乳腺乳脂肪形成相关基因的遗传多态性

牛奶营养品质低下已成为我国奶业健康发展所面临的严峻挑战。乳脂肪是决定牛奶营养品质的主要物质之一。调控乳腺内脂肪酸转运、从头合成、酯化和脂滴形成的相关基因的遗传多态性对乳脂肪的成分及含量具有重要影响。本文综述了这些基因的遗传多态性及其对乳脂肪生成的影响,旨在为明确奶牛乳腺脂肪酸形成调控网络提供理论基础和研究思路。     

Milk fat depression and the influence of diet on milk composition

Milk composition depends on inheritance, stage of lactation, age, infection, and diet. Fat is the most variable component of milk, and its concentration depends on the supply of acetate, butyrate, and performed fatty acids to the mammary gland. This supply depends on diet and competition among organs. Adequate, effective fiber is the critical dietary consideration.     

滤袋法快速测定饲料中粗脂肪和总脂肪

<正>脂肪含量高低是衡量饲料质量和营养价值高低的重要指标之一,因此脂肪测定早已成为饲料常规分析项目。目前饲料中脂肪测定多依据《饲料中粗脂     

脂肪细胞膜蛋白免疫调控家畜体脂含量的研究

家畜体内脂肪过度沉积一直是消费者关注的焦点脂肪过度沉积不仅降低畜产品质量，还威胁人类健康，已成为生产领域亟待解决的问题：脂肪细胞膜蛋白免疫是利用脂肪细胞膜蛋白作为抗原，通过免疫方式来破坏脂肪细胞，使脂肪细胞数目减少，限制机体贮存脂肪的能力，是调控家畜体脂含量新的安全有效的方法.     

不同配比油脂对肉仔鸡小肠形态的影响

研究了日粮中添加不同配比油脂对肉仔鸡小肠形态的影响。试验选取324只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复9只。CON为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),SO组为正对照组(日粮添加豆油),LO组为负对照组(日粮添加猪油),COP、COC、COV组分别在日粮中添加以棕榈油为主的配比油脂、以椰子油为主的配比油脂和多种植物油配比的油脂,饲养至21日龄。结果:COP组的十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值高于SO组(P<0.05),空肠的隐窝深度低于CON和SO组(P<0.05)。COC组的十二指肠绒毛宽度高于SO组和LO组(P<0.05),绒毛面积高于CON组、SO组和LO组(P<0.05);空肠的黏膜厚度高于LO组(P<0.05)。COV组的十二指肠绒毛高度高于CON组、SO组和LO组(P<0.05),十二指肠黏膜厚度高于CON组(P<0.05)。试验表明3种配比油脂均可从不同角度促进十二指肠和空肠的形态发育,且从提高绒毛表面积考虑,配比椰子油效果最好。