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1.
美国蓝茎冰草、中间偃麦草、高冰草引种试验   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
2001年中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所由美国引进3种旱生栽培牧草(美国蓝茎冰草Agropyron smithii、中间偃麦草Elytrigia intermedia、高冰草A. elongatum)在甘肃兰州种植,对其进行了引种驯化和种子繁殖。2002-2004年完成了半干旱地区的区域试验和品比试验。试验结果表明:3种引进牧草能够适应当地气候条件,具有抗旱、耐寒、产草量高和耐粗放管理的优良性状。2003年青草产量51 522.0~66 031.5 kg/hm2,与对照中产量最高的蒙古冰草A. mongolium相比,高于对照49.2%~91.3%;种子产量低于对照。  相似文献   

2.
刘明稀  卢少云  郭振飞 《草地学报》2011,19(4):652-656,662
对假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro)Hack.)胚性愈伤组织进行反复间歇低温处理并结合长期继代,诱导体细胞无性系变异的发生。通过人工气候箱低温筛选,在再生群体中获得5个耐寒性提高的变异植株。结果表明:低温处理前各耐寒变异植株及其对照植株间最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性差异不显著。低温处理后所有植株的Fv/Fm均下降,相对电导率和MDA均升高,但耐寒变异体植株的Fv/Fm高于对照植株,相对电导率和MDA含量低于对照植株,表明耐寒植株受低温冷害程度较轻。SOD和CAT的活性在低温处理后均升高,但耐寒变异体植株的SOD和CAT活性均高于对照。因此,耐寒突变体的耐寒性与其SOD和CAT对低温的响应更敏感有关,并首次初步表明体细胞无性系变异技术在假俭草抗寒性改良育种中具有可行性。  相似文献   

3.
低温胁迫下PEG引发对珠芽蓼种子萌发的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本试验以冬虫夏草寄主蝠蛾幼虫喜食植物珠芽蓼种子为研究对象,分析低温吸胀冷害对珠芽蓼种子萌发的影响,探讨PEG引发处理对预防珠芽蓼种子萌发期吸胀冷害的作用。结果表明低温吸胀处理后珠芽蓼种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别降低了51. 3%,38. 5%,53. 0%和57. 6%,显著低于对照(P 0. 05)。随着引发时间的延长,珠芽蓼种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且在引发时间为6h~12h之间达到最高值,显著高于对照和其它处理(P 0. 05)。当引发时间为12h时,相对于对照处理,珠芽蓼种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高了16. 4%,9. 1%,18. 3%和29. 1%,差异显著(P 0. 05)。当引发浓度为-0. 6MPa时,珠芽蓼种子经12h和24h的PEG引发处理后发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均达到最高,分别提高了12. 7%,11. 4%,21. 7%和36. 4%,与对照相比差异显著(P 0. 05)。统计分析表明,低温吸胀胁迫处理下珠芽蓼种子的发芽势(F=4. 828,P 0. 001)、发芽率(F=4. 437,P 0. 001)、发芽指数(F=4. 435,P 0. 001)和活力指数(F=3. 868,P=0. 001)明显受PEG引发时间和浓度交互作用的影响。  相似文献   

4.
Arginine (ARG) exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen (N) metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth. Unfortunately, unprotected ARG will be degraded in the rumen and its price is high, thus feeding rumen-protected ARG seems to be uneconomical. Alternatively, N-carbamoyl glutamate (NCG) is structural analogue of N-acetyl glutamate, cofactor of cabamoyl phosphate synthetasel, is lower in rumen degradation compared to ARG. Additionally, rumen epithelial and duodenal cells have potentially utilized the NCG for ureagenesis. Supplementation of NCG to high yielding dairy cows increased plasma concentration of ARG and nitric oxide, decreased the plasma ammonia N and improved lactation performance and N utilization. Supplementation of NCG enhanced pregnancy rates in rats, improved litter size and fetal survival rate, thereby improved the reproductive performance of sows. Oral NCG supplementation increases plasma ARG and somatotropin levels, and increased growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. The NCG is potential a relatively cheaper source of feed additive to offer vital compensation over oral administration of ARG, resulting in improved ruminant animal health and production. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of AfiG biosynthesis by NCG and their significance in growth, reproduction, milk production and N utilization in ruminant animals.  相似文献   

5.
为获得毒力较弱并能区分自然感染和疫苗免疫的布鲁氏菌候选疫苗株,本研究用PCR方法扩增WboA基因的上下游同源臂序列,构建重组质粒pGEM-7zf-△WboA-Sac,电转化布鲁氏菌M5-90感受态细胞,筛选布鲁氏菌疫苗株M5-90的WboA基因缺失株,并对获得的M5-90△WboA遗传稳定性、毒力、免疫保护性、抗体水平等指标进行检测.实验结果表明M5-90△WboA株的毒力比M5-90株明显减弱,差异极显著(p<0.01),体液免疫和细胞免疫结果表明M5-90△WboA株与亲本M5-90株相比差异不显著(p<0.05),M5-90△WboA株和亲本株的保护率分别为10%和20%,表明M5-90△WboA株与M5-90株具有相似的保护性.凝集试验和western blot试验显示M5-90△WboA株免疫小鼠的血清反应结果为阴性.本研究构建的布鲁氏菌基因缺失株M5-90△WboA具有较好的遗传稳定性,毒力比亲本株更弱,免疫保护性与亲本株相当,并能以血清学检测方法区分野毒株感染和缺失疫苗株免疫的动物.  相似文献   

6.
2006~2008年在广西南宁、灵山、桂林三个不同生态区,以热研2号柱花草为对照,对广西畜牧研究所引进的白花扁豆06-1进行了区域试验。结果表明:白花扁豆06-1适应性广,耐寒,生长速度快,干草产量(10 032.6~10 951.1kg/hm2)比对照热研2号柱花草(7 048.9~8 035.5kg/hm2)增加26.1%~40.8%;草质柔软,叶量丰富,蛋白质含量(17.8%)比对照(16.7%)高出6.6%,是适应性极强的优质豆科牧草,可在亚热带地区推广应用。  相似文献   

7.
桑尺蠖越冬幼虫的耐寒性研究   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
研究了桑尺蠖越冬幼虫的耐寒能力 ,测定了虫体内抗寒物质的组成成分 ,并对其耐寒机理作了初步探讨。结果表明 :越冬幼虫从越冬初期至越冬滞育期 ,4龄幼虫的平均过冷却点从初期的-1 7 2℃下降至滞育期的 -2 4 4℃ ;5龄幼虫的平均过冷却点从 -1 3 4℃下降至 -2 4 8℃。越冬幼虫体内水分、糖元、脂肪含量下降 ,其中以糖元含量下降明显 ;越冬幼虫以“小分子糖—氨基酸—糖蛋白”物质系统形成抗寒基质 ,增强耐寒性。  相似文献   

8.
为构建布鲁氏菌O抗原聚合酶缺失突变株,本研究以布鲁氏菌M28株为亲本株,利用同源重组方法,以编码O抗原聚合酶靶基因M28_ B0107基因ORF外侧序列作为同源臂构建重组质粒pSP-B0107-K,将其电转化至M28感受态细胞中,以卡那霉素抗性基因(Kanr)作为标记,筛选缺失突变株(M28-△B0107).M28-△B0107经过20余代传代培养,Kanr表达稳定.将M28-△B0107与M28以106 cfu剂量腹腔接种小鼠,进行体内致病性试验.结果显示,M28-△B0107感染组小鼠脾脏荷菌量显著低于亲本M28株感染组,感染6周时,前者低于后者近10倍(p<0.05);而且M28-△B0107感染组脾脏重量也显著低于M28强毒株组(p<0.05);小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞系(RAW264.7)感染能力试验结果表明,突变株与亲本株无明显差异(p>0.05).  相似文献   

9.
海雀稗体细胞低温筛选获得耐寒突变体   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
旨在细胞水平上建立海雀稗(Paspalum vaginatumSw.)低温胁迫定向筛选耐寒突变体技术,为开展海雀稗耐寒品种选育提供新途经。于2008年1月以海雀稗Adalay品种(P.vaginatumcv.Adalay)的幼穗诱导产生的颗粒状愈伤组织为材料,分别在6℃和0℃低温条件下进行培养和筛选。试验结果:在6℃和0℃下,培养30 d,愈伤组织的绿苗分化率均在80%以上,比对照处理(培养温度26℃)绿苗分化率略有下降;培养45 d,绿苗分化率分别为60%和50%;培养60 d,绿苗分化率分别降至33%和23%。在0℃下培养75 d,愈伤组织完全丧失分化植株的能力;0℃培养0、30、45和60 d的再生植株叶片的半致死温度分别为:-5.69℃-、6.07℃-、6.35℃和-6.63℃。SRAP分子标记测定结果显示,特异性SRAP标记与海雀稗体细胞突变体的耐寒性相关。海雀稗颗粒状愈伤组织在0℃下培养和筛选45 d和60 d获得了耐寒突变体植株。  相似文献   

10.
采用溶胶-凝胶法在低温条件下制备出{001}TiO_2光催化剂,分别以大肠杆菌和氨气为目标污染物,考察所制备催化剂的抗菌除氨性能,为其在养殖应用上提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:所制备催化剂是由5 nm左右的小颗粒堆积而成,含有40.1%的高活性{001}面,这种{001}面与催化剂自身的{101}面形成异质结构,加速了光生载流子分离,展现出优异的催化性能。{001}TiO_2在太阳光和紫外光下对氨气降解率分别为32.7%、61.3%,分别是TiO_2的3.08倍、2.21倍,在日光灯下{001}TiO_2对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈为32.1 mm,远高于TiO_2。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

13.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

14.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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