施马伦贝格病研究进展

施马伦贝格病是2011年11月首次在德国北莱茵一威斯特法伦州的反刍动物中发现的,由一种新的布尼病毒,布尼病毒科,布尼病毒属的新成员一施马伦贝格病毒引起的一种新发动物传染病,主要感染猪、牛、羊和野牛,主要通过蠓传播。会造成动物精神不振、体质下降、厌食和腹泻等临床症状。本文从病原学、流行病学、诊断和防控等方面对该病进行了综述。     

施马伦贝格病毒

施马伦贝格病毒病(Schmallenberg virus,SBV)是一种新发现的动物传染病,因于2011年底在德国施马伦贝格镇首次发现而临时得名,随后蔓延于西欧(包括比利时、法国、德国、荷兰、意大利、卢森堡、西班牙、英国和丹麦),并分别在奥地利、波兰、瑞典和芬兰等国的牛、山羊、绵羊中检测到抗体。遗传分析显示该病毒与布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)正布尼亚病毒属(Orthobunyavirus)西姆布血清群病毒(Simbu serogroup viruses)的亲缘关系最密切,西姆布血清群病毒是已知的反刍动物病原,可通过节肢动物媒介(蚊、蠓)传播。施马伦贝格病毒病有2种不同的临床症状:成年牛出现短暂轻微/温和的病症(产奶量减少、发热、腹泻)和新生哺乳动物(牛、羊)死产和先天缺陷。因为同群类似的病毒不是人畜共患病病原,也无该病毒致人发病的证据,但现阶段尚不能完全排除。尽管目前没有特效的药物和疫苗,但因已有类似病毒(赤羽病)的疫苗,疫苗接种应是控制该病的可能选项。因施马伦贝格病毒是一种新发现的病毒,许多方面尚不清楚,还有待于进一步研究。     

新发反刍动物传染病——施马伦贝格病研究进展

2011年11月在德国西部城镇施马伦贝格镇牛场中发现一种未知的,主要感染绵羊、山羊、牛等反刍动物的新型病毒性动物传染疾病。感染动物出现高烧达40℃、精神不振、产奶严重下降、多功能衰竭、腹泻、厌食、怀孕母畜流产、死胎或畸形等临床症状。德国研究人员利用分离的病毒进行鉴定证实该病毒为一种新型布尼亚病毒,被命名为施马伦贝格病毒（Schmallenberg virus,SBV）。     

西班牙牛精液输华传带施马伦贝格病毒的风险评估

随着我国与西班牙反刍动物遗传物质(精液)贸易的日益频繁,施马伦贝格病毒存在随精液传入我国的潜在风险,从而对我国动物卫生安全构成了威胁。本研究采用定性评估方法,基于世界动物卫生组织(OIE)风险评估框架,对施马伦贝格病的病原学、流行病学、公共卫生学意义、诊断技术的最新研究进展进行简要综述,在此基础上,从畜群疫病流行风险、精液带毒风险、带毒精液漏检风险3个方面,对产自西班牙的牛精液传带施马伦贝格病毒的风险进行综合评估。评估结果表明,通过采取适当的风险管理和检疫措施,可以将西班牙牛精液传带施马伦贝格病毒风险降低为"低"。     

施马伦贝格病简介

施马伦贝格病毒是最近在欧洲发现的新病毒,主要通过蠓和/或蚊子传播。本文介绍了OI E最近公布的施马伦贝格病技术资料,包括病原、流行病学、事件经过、诊断方法以及防控措施等内容。     

施马伦贝格病毒套式RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank公布的施马伦贝格病毒S基因序列,设计特异性引物,构建施马伦贝格病毒S基因重组克隆质粒作为阳性对照,经各反应条件的优化以及特异性、敏感性和重复性试验,建立了施马伦贝格病毒套式RT-PCR检测方法。结果表明,本研究建立的套式RT-PCR方法可特异性的检测施马伦贝格病毒,且与BTV、EHDV、AKV、BVDV、IBRV等其他病毒的核酸不发生交叉反应。每个反应可检测到相当于6.65×102 copies/μL施马伦贝格病毒重组克隆质粒。与传统的病毒分离及血清学方法相比较,不但耗时短(仅需5h),而且费用低廉。本研究建立的套式RT-PCR方法具有特异、敏感、重复性好、快速、费用低廉等优点,是施马伦贝格病毒快速初筛的良好方法。     

施马伦贝格病毒对畜牧业的威胁

对2011年最早在德国发现的一种新病毒—施马伦贝格病毒的病原学、流行病学、诊断、预防与控制进行了综述。该病毒可引起牛、山羊、绵羊、野牛等动物发病,表现发热、腹泻、乏力、死胎和畸形胎、产奶量下降等临床症状,严重影响牲畜生产性能,对畜牧业产生不可忽视的威胁。     

施马伦贝格病毒病焦磷酸测序检测方法的建立

拟建立施马伦贝格病毒(SBV)S基因焦磷酸测序检测方法,用于施马伦贝格病毒病的快速检测和确诊。通过对公开发表的SBVS基因序列与布尼病毒科其他11种病毒S基因进行比对,找出不同病毒变异区域集中且变异区域两侧保守的序列片段,基因合成,体外转录,作为基因扩增模板。在特异性变异序列两端的保守区域设计扩增引物,进行RT-PCR扩增。在保守区域设计双向测序引物,对RT-PCR产物进行双向焦磷酸测序。通过比对测序结果,确定是否为SBV核酸序列;优化条件,确定检测方法的敏感性、特异性和重复性,建立SBVS基因焦磷酸测序检测方法。结果:建立的施马伦贝格病毒病焦磷酸测序检测方法扩增基因片段长度为166bp;敏感性为可检测到104个拷贝;每一条测序引物可准确测出50bp左右核酸序列,双向测序可准确测出100bp左右核酸序列,具有较好特异性,完全满足施马伦贝格病毒病确诊要求;重复测序3次,均能准确测出100bp左右核酸序列。本研究建立的施马伦贝格病毒病焦磷酸测序检测方法,可用于施马伦贝格病毒病的检测和确诊,整个检测过程可在1d内完成,大大缩短了确诊时间。     

牛、羊新发病毒性传染病--施马伦贝格病毒

2011年11月在德国西部城镇施马伦贝格检测出一种新型病毒,以其首次阳性病毒标本检出的地名命名为“施马伦贝格病毒”。该病毒能够感染牛、山羊、绵羊等家畜并引起发热、腹泻、乏力等症状,导致动物早产或难产。继德国之后,荷兰、比利时、法国、卢森堡、意大利、西班牙等欧盟8个国家的牛羊等家畜中证实出现疫情。由于现阶段缺乏有效疫苗,被感染牛、羊数量仍在继续上升,引起世界范围内对此病毒的关注,本文就施马伦贝格病毒的危害及在欧洲的传播情况作如下简述,以期为进出口检疫部门和动物引种工作者提供参考。     

施马伦贝格病毒的病原学、流行病学及临床症状与检测方法

本文对2011年引起德国奶牛疾病的一种新病毒——施马伦贝格病毒的病原学、流行病学、临床症状及检测方法进行了阐述。。该病毒可引起牛、山羊、绵羊等家畜发病,造成动物发热、腹泻、乏力等临床症状,可导致动物早产或难产,给畜牧业带来了巨大的危害．     

施马伦堡病，一种新发现的病毒病

2011年底,一种新病毒在德国发病奶牛中被发现,暂命名为施马伦堡病毒。该病毒也出现在荷兰绵羊群中,主要导致羔羊先天性畸形。至目前,已向OIE通报该病的国家有荷兰、德国、比利时、英国、法国、意大利和卢森堡。为使国内读者对本病有一个较全面了解,本文参照农业部兽医局《一二三类动物疫病释义》体例,将目前已经掌握的相关知识,包括最新疫情情况进行了梳理,并从科学不确定角度提出了一些预警防范性措施和建议。     

Research Progress on Schmallenberg Virus Disease and its Detection Technology

A disease was introduced from etiology,epidemiology,diagnosis and prevention measure in the paper,in order to summarize a novel infectious virus named as Schmallenberg virus outbroke at large proportion of Europe in autumn 2011,and the diagnostic methods were emphasized. The aim was to lay the foundation for deeply studying the mechanism of infection,pathogenesis and other novel detection technology.     

Response to an emerging vector-borne disease: Surveillance and preparedness for Schmallenberg virus

Surveillance for new emerging animal diseases from a European perspective is complicated by the non-harmonised approach across Member States for data capture, recording livestock populations and case definitions. In the summer of 2011, a new vector-borne Orthobunyavirus emerged in Northern Europe and for the first time, a coordinated approach to horizon scanning, risk communication, data and diagnostic test sharing allowed EU Member States to develop early predictions of the disease, its impact and risk management options. There are many different systems in place across the EU for syndromic and scanning surveillance and the differences in these systems have presented epidemiologists and risk assessors with concerns about their combined use in early identification of an emerging disease. The emergence of a new disease always will raise challenging issues around lack of capability and lack of knowledge; however, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) gave veterinary authorities an additional complex problem: the infection caused few clinical signs in adult animals, with no indication of the possible source and little evidence about its spread or means of transmission. This paper documents the different systems in place in some of the countries (Germany and the Netherlands) which detected disease initially and predicted its spread (to the UK) and how information sharing helped to inform early warning and risk assessment for Member States. Microarray technology was used to identify SBV as a new pathogen and data from the automated cattle milking systems coupled with farmer-derived data on reporting non-specific clinical signs gave the first indications of a widespread issue while the UK used meteorological modelling to map disease incursion. The coordinating role of both EFSA and the European Commission were vital as are the opportunities presented by web-based publishing for disseminating information to industry and the public. The future of detecting emerging disease looks more positive in the light of this combined approach in the EU.     

施马伦堡病毒感染

施马伦堡病是由施马伦堡病毒(schmallenberg virus,SBV)引起的一种新发现的吸血昆虫传播的动物疾病。该病可引起成年牛发热、腹泻、奶牛产奶量下降,怀孕牛羊感染可引起胎儿畸形、流产或死胎。目前荷兰、比利时、德国西部、法国北部和英国东南部有疫情报道,已有国家严禁从上述出现施马伦堡病毒疫情的国家进口相关动物产品。本文汇总了最新的疫情研究进展,介绍了该病的病原、流行病学和预防控制措施。     

施马伦堡病毒感染

施马伦堡病是由施马伦堡病毒（schmallenberg virus,SBV）引起的一种新发现的吸血昆虫传播的动物疾病。该病可引起成年牛发热、腹泻、奶牛产奶量下降,怀孕牛羊感染可引起胎儿畸形、流产或死胎。目前荷兰、比利时、德国西部、法国北部和英国东南部有疫情报道,已有国家严禁从上述出现施马伦堡病毒疫情的国家进口相关动物产品。本文汇总了最新的疫情研究进展,介绍了该病的病原、流行病学和预防控制措施。     

Description of the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain and subsequent virus spreading in domestic ruminants

Schmallenberg disease (SBD) is an emerging disease transmitted mainly among ruminant species by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Since the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was first identified in Germany in late 2011, it rapidly spread to other European countries. The aims of the present study were to describe the first SBD outbreak in Spain and to assess the spread and risk factors associated with SBV infection in domestic ruminants from nearby farms during the following year. In March 2012, one malformed stillborn lamb from a sheep farm located in Cordoba province (Southern Spain) was subjected to necropsy. Pathological compatible lesions and molecular analyses confirmed the first SBV infection in Spain. Afterwards, serum samples from 505 extensively reared domestic ruminants from 29 farms were analysed using both blocking ELISA and virus neutralization test against SBV. The overall seroprevalence was 54.4% (CI_95%: 50.0–58.7). Antibodies were detected in 70.6%, 46.0% and 34.8% of cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. A generalized estimating equation model indicated that the main risk factors associated with SBV infection were: species (cattle), age (adult), and absence of animal insecticide treatment. Pathological and molecular results confirmed the presence of SBV in Spain few months after it was firstly identified in Germany. The seroprevalence detected indicates a widespread circulation of SBV in nearby domestic ruminant farms one year after this first outbreak was reported in Spain. Further studies are warranted to determine the spatio-temporal trend of SBV in domestic ruminants in this country.     

奶牛新病毒——施马伦贝格病毒

本文从病原、流行病学、诊断和预防控制等方面简要介绍了2011年底发生在德国奶牛的一种新病毒病——施马伦贝格病毒,主要感染猪、牛、羊和野牛,该病毒主要由昆虫如蚊蠓等小虫传播,也可通过胎盘垂直传播。截至2012年5月,已经有8个国家相继报道该病的发生。许多国家纷纷采取禁止从受该病毒感染国家进口活动物及其产品的措施防止该病的传入。目前该病毒还没有特异治疗措施和疫苗预防方案。     

Schmallenberg virus—Two years of experiences

In autumn 2011, a novel species of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup was discovered close to the German/Dutch border and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Since then, SBV has caused a large epidemic in European livestock. Like other viruses of the Simbu serogroup, SBV is transmitted by insect vectors. Adult ruminants may show a mild transient disease, while an infection during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe congenital malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. The current knowledge about the virus, its diagnosis, the spread of the epidemic, the impact and the possibilities for preventing infections with SBV is described and discussed.