雏鸭人工感染鸭肝炎病毒后血液生化指标的测定

用Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒人工感染3日龄健康金定鸭,对接种后48 h后血清中血糖、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶等9项血液生化指标进行测定。结果显示,谷丙转氨酶含量较对照组极显著升高(P＜0.01);尿素氮含量显著升高(P＜0.05);葡萄糖、IgG含量与对照组相比有一定量的下降,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);谷草转氨酶、甘油三酯、尿酸、IgA和IgM含量在发病时略微升高(P＞0.05)。上述结果提示,雏鸭感染鸭病毒性肝炎后,肝脏和肾脏受到不同程度的损伤。     

测定冻精酶活性的高低预测精液品质

[目的]为了通过测定牛冻精谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活性高低来预测精液品质.[方法]用人医血清酶类测定的赖氏法测定两种酶的活性.[结果]表明:谷丙转氨酶与精子活率呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01),与顶体完整率呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);谷草转氨酶与精子活率呈极显著负相关(P＜0.05),与顶体完整率呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01).[结论 ]谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性愈高,精子活率和顶体完整率愈低,精子品质下降.     

皖系粗毛兔血浆酶活性及其与产毛量相关的研究

对49只1岁龄皖系粗毛兔进行产毛量和血浆中碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性的测定.结果表明,皖系粗毛兔1岁时血浆碱性磷酸酶活性与产毛量之间呈显著的正相关(P＜0.05);血浆中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性与产毛量之间的相关均不显著(P＞0.05).     

不同剂量硒蛋白粉对大鼠血常规指标和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同剂量硒蛋白粉对大鼠血常规指标及血液生化指标的影响。选择平均体重为70 g的健康清洁级SD大鼠80只,随机分为4组,每组2个重复,每个重复10只,雌、雄各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,低、中和高剂量组分别饲喂添加3.5、7和10.5 mg/kg硒蛋白粉的日粮（其含量以硒计）,试验期30 d。结果表明,低、中和高剂量组大鼠血常规指标与对照组相比差异均不显著（P＞0.05）;低、中和高剂量组大鼠血清中血糖、总蛋白含量与对照组相比差异均不显著（P＞0.05）,低剂量组大鼠血清中甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;中剂量组大鼠血清中白蛋白/球蛋白及甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;高剂量组大鼠血清中白蛋白、白蛋白/球蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,而球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、尿素氮、肌酐、高密度脂蛋白含量均显著升高（P＜0.05）。综上所述,不同剂量硒蛋白粉对大鼠血常规指标无不良影响,低剂量硒蛋白粉除具有降低大鼠血脂作用外对大鼠其他血液生化指标均无不良影响,中、高剂量硒蛋白粉对大鼠的部分血液生化指标有一定影响。     

鸡卡氏住白细胞原虫感染后鸡血液生化指标变化的研究

以300日龄新罗曼蛋鸡作为试验对象,研究了鸡在混群感染鸡卡氏住白细胞原虫(Leucocytozoon.Caulleryi).后第14、16、18、20、22天时血液中的红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、葡萄糖(Gul)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、淀汾酶(AMS)、总蛋白(TPROT)、白蛋白(ALB)和钙(Ca)的变化.结果表明LCaulleryi感染鸡后血液红细胞数和血红蛋白含量显著降低(P＜0.01);葡萄糖含量升高;乳酸脱氢酶和淀粉酶活性升高,但到后期突然降低(P＜0.01);谷丙转氨酶活性初期升高,后期显著降低(P＜0.01);总蛋白和白蛋白含量降低(P＜0.05);血清钙含量稍微升高,但与对照组相比无显著差异.     

黄曲霉毒素B_1中毒对犬血液生化指标的影响

为客观、定量了解黄曲霉毒素B1中毒前后犬血液生化指标的变化,本研究采用全自动生化分析仪分别测定30头犬黄曲霉毒素B1中毒前后血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、胆碱酯酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、总蛋白和白蛋白7项生化指标。结果表明,中毒后血清中总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶浓度升高,总蛋白、白蛋白、胆碱酯酶浓度降低,各项指标中毒前后差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

“张杂谷”谷草替代部分玉米秸秆对育肥羊生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

为了探讨"张杂谷"谷草在养羊业中应用的可行性,试验将健康小尾寒羊120只分为4组,对照组饲喂玉米秸秆,试验1,2,3组分别以不同比例"张杂谷"谷草替代玉米秸秆进行饲养试验,测定各组育肥羊生长性能及血液生化指标。结果表明:在50,80,110日龄,试验1,2,3组育肥羊体重均有不同程度的增长,但均与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);而在140,170日龄,试验2,3组育肥羊体重显著高于对照组(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验2,3组育肥羊成活率显著提高(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组2,3组育肥羊血液中尿酸、尿素氮、三酰甘油含量显著下降(P0.05);试验1,2,3组高密度脂蛋白含量升高,低密度脂蛋白含量降低,但无显著差异(P0.05);试验2,3组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均显著下降(P0.05),而碱性磷酸酶活性显著升高(P0.05)。说明"张杂谷"谷草替代饲料中部分玉米秸秆能够有效提高育肥羊生长性能,改善血液生化指标。     

天冬氨酸对脂多糖刺激断奶仔猪生长性能、血细胞分类计数和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究天冬氨酸(ASP)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪生长性能、血细胞分类计数和血液生化指标的影响。试验选用24头断奶仔猪,分为对照组、LPS组、LPS+0.5%ASP组(0.5%ASP)、LPS+1.0%ASP组(1.0%ASP)。结果表明:0.5%和1.0%ASP可缓解LPS刺激导致的日增重的降低(P<0.05);注射LPS 4 h后,0.5%或1.0%ASP可显著缓解LPS刺激导致的淋巴细胞比例、血小板数量的降低和嗜酸性粒细胞比例的升高,增加红细胞平均血红蛋白(HGB)浓度(P<0.05);注射LPS 24 h后,0.5%和1.0%ASP可显著缓解嗜中性粒细胞数量、嗜中性粒细胞比例的升高和淋巴细胞比例的降低(P<0.05);0.5%或1.0%ASP可显著缓解LPS刺激引起的谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、尿素氮、血糖的升高和谷丙转氨酶/谷草转氨酶的降低(P<0.05)。结果显示,ASP缓解了LPS刺激所导致的生长抑制和应激反应。     

饲粮碘水平对獭兔血清生化指标和生产性能的影响

通过对獭兔饲喂不同碘水平的饲粮,探讨饲粮碘水平对獭兔血清生化指标和生产性能的影响.结果表明,当饲粮中添加0.8 mg/kg碘,实测碘含量为0.925 mg/kg时,獭兔的甲状腺功能最为理想,四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)、游离四碘甲腺原氨酸(FT4)和三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)3项指标均值最大,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05);而促甲状腺素(TSH)指标均值最小,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05);游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和白球比(A/G)各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05);平均日增重、胴体重、屠宰率和皮张面积与其他各组差异显著(P＜0.05),而被毛密度各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

加丽素红对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响

选用160只360日龄的京红1号蛋鸡,随机均分为4个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,探讨日粮中不同加丽素红添加量(15,30,60 mg/kg)对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加不同剂量的加丽素红会显著降低蛋鸡的饲料转化率(P0.05),而对蛋鸡的其他生产性能、血清生化指标均无显著性影响(P0.05)。对于蛋品质,试验组蛋黄色度与对照组比较有极显著性差异(P0.01),对其他指标均无显著性影响;说明加丽素红能明显增加蛋黄色度,可以作为外源性色素添加剂,但是不会对蛋鸡的健康产生危害。     

葡萄上杀虫、杀菌剂登记和使用现状分析及建议

基于我国农药信息网数据和新修订的《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》（GB 2763 — 2021）中葡萄相关指标,结合葡萄生产实际,对我国葡萄上农药登记的现状及生产中农药的应用情况进行梳理,指出了存在的问题,分析了产生问题的原因,提出了相应建议,以期为我国葡萄的安全生产提供参考。     

Effects of surgical sterilization on canine and feline health and on society

Surgical sterilization of dogs and cats is a well-accepted measure for population control in some countries, but is considered unethical as an elective surgery in other countries. This is a review of what is known regarding positive and negative effects of gonadectomy surgery on individual animals and on societal management of unowned dog and cat populations.     

Effect of diet on composition of cecal contents and on excretion and composition of soft and hard feces of rabbits

A total of 260 New Zealand White growing rabbits were used to study the effect of diet on chemical composition of cecal contents and on production and composition of soft and hard feces. Eight diets varying in their acid detergent fiber (9.8% to 32.7%) and starch (13% to 30%) levels were evaluated. The diet affected (P less than .01) all the variables studied, except dry matter (DM) and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids on cecal contents. An increase of dietary crude fiber increased crude fiber level in cecal contents (from 11.58% to 26.53%). However, a relatively lower proportion of fibrous material was found in the cecal contents when rabbits were fed the more fibrous diets. This suggests that dietary fiber has a direct influence on the efficiency of particle separation in the digestive tract. Crude protein and volatile fatty acid concentrations of cecal contents decreased (from 30.14% to 19.65% and from 47.8 to 36.7 mmol/liter, respectively) when dietary crude fiber increased. This could be related to availability of energy to cecal microorganisms. Ammonia concentration of cecal contents was not affected by dietary crude fiber. Daily production of soft feces varied from 14.98 to 29.59 g DM/d, and the contribution of soft feces to total DM and to crude protein intake ranged from 10.6% to 15.0% and from 12.8% to 20.5%, respectively; these values were the smallest and the largest for the least and the most fibrous diets, respectively. From this study we conclude that dietary fiber has a major effect on the digestive processes in the rabbit and that dietary starch level has no influence on any of the variables studied.     

Effect of egg composition on hatchability and on growth and slaughter characteristics of meat-type chicks

1.?Using the so-called TOBEC (Total Body Electrical Conductivity) method, which allows the determination of egg composition in vivo, correlations between egg composition, hatchability and hatched chicks’ development were studied.

2.?A total of 1500 hen eggs (Ross-308) were measured by TOBEC, and eggs with extremely high (10%, n = 150), extremely low (10%, n = 150) and average (10%, n = 150) electrical conductivity values were chosen for further investigation.

3.?During the incubation period, it was observed that eggs with high electrical conductivity had a significantly higher mortality than eggs with low electrical conductivity.

4.?It was observed that both the increase in electrical conductivity at the same egg weight, and the increase in egg weight at the same electrical conductivity resulted in an increase in the hatching weight.

5.?It was found that the dry matter, protein and fat content of the chicks hatched from eggs with low electrical conductivity was higher at hatching than that of the chicks hatched from eggs with high electrical conductivity.

6.?At 42 d of age the liveweight of cocks and pullets hatched from eggs with low electrical conductivity was 3·2 and 8·2% higher than the liveweight of cocks and pullets hatched from eggs with high electrical conductivity.

7.?Because of the higher liveweight at slaughter, there was a significant superiority of the chicks hatched from eggs with low electrical conductivity in the case of the examined carcase traits at slaughter.

8.?Similar tendencies were found also in the ratios of carcase variables to liveweight, but the between group differences were not statistically significant in this case.

9.?Based on the results it was concluded that TOBEC seems to be a useful method for separating eggs with different composition.

10.?This could be a good starting point for further in vivo investigations in order to clarify the effect of egg composition on hatchability and further development.     

Effect of lasalocid sodium and molasses on performance of fattening lambs and on rumen liquor and blood parameters

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of sugar beet molasses (0, 8 and 16%) with or without lasalocid sodium (33 ppm) on rumen liquor and blood parameters of sheep, and on fattening reared Karagouniko breed lambs. In Expt. 1 six adult Karagouniko fistulated wethers were fed six different pelleted diets. The results showed that lasalocid decreased (P less than 0.01) total VFAs concentration in the rumen (7.1%) by reducing (P less than 0.001) acetic, n-butyric and iso-valeric acids while increased (P less than 0.001) propionic acid concentrations. The same trends were observed in molar proportions of the individual VFAs. The total VFAs production was also depressed by 13.75% when molasses were used at the level of 16%. No interaction among the main treatments was observed with the exception of L X M with 16% molasses where the propionic acid concentration decreased, and those of butyric and iso-valeric acids increased. Lasalocid did not alter the mean values of rumen liquor pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration while molasses increased the later parameter. No significant differences on dietary protein degradability were observed among treatments. Lasalocid reduced the beta-HBA concentration by 13% in the blood while molasses increased it (P less than 0.001). Free fatty acids' concentration was decreased by the molasses inclusion to the diets, while lasalocid didn't alter blood glucose concentration. Finally, the number of protozoa in the rumen liquor was reduced by 49 and 70% at 0 and 5 hours post feeding respectively with the addition of lasalocid to the diets, regardless of the use of molasses. In Expt. 2 utilized 86 weaned male Karagouniko fattening lambs, with initial mean LW 13 kg, for 60 days. They were assigned to six groups and fed ad libitum with diets of the same composition as in Exp 1. Lasalocid increased the growth rate by 8.6%, reduced feed consumption by 4.8% (P less than 0.005) and improved feed conversion by 11.8%. Molasses also improved growth rate by 16-34% and increased feed consumption by 15-22%. The interaction of L X M to feed consumption was significant (P less than 0.001). None of the treatments had an effect on carcass characteristics. Finally lasalocid showed its positive action when it was used in combination with molasses in ruminants' diets.     

血根碱药理及毒理作用的研究进展

血根碱(sanguinarine)作为一种苯菲啶异喹啉类生物碱,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、改善肝功能及诱导细胞凋亡等作用,同时对肝脏、心脏等具有一定的毒性。作者就血根碱对细菌、真菌和癌细胞的药理作用及毒性作一综述,为该药在临床中的有效合理应用奠定基础。     

壳聚糖对罗非鱼营养生理学作用的研究

壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰基后的降解产物,具有抗微生物活性、激活淋巴细胞、提高免疫力、调节脂     

硅藻土共固定化淀粉酶和糖化酶的研究

以糖化酶和α-淀粉酶为双酶体系、硅藻土为载体,用吸附法同时固定了这两种酶,得到的最适的共固定化条件为硅藻土(g):糖化酶(U):淀粉酶(U)=1:100:160,pH值4.5～5.0,温度5～15℃左右,缓冲液为柠檬酸缓冲液。共固定化酶的性质为:最适pH值为5.0;最适温度为55℃;米氏常数Km=16.830mg/ml;最大反应速率Vmax=1.500mg(/ml·min),其稳定性良好。     

受精素在精卵结合与融合中作用的研究进展

哺乳动物的受精过程是一个十分复杂的动态过程,在这一过程中,精子表面的膜蛋白发挥着重要作用。受精素α和β是精子表面的膜蛋白,也是精子表面的特异性抗原。研究发现小鼠和人的受精素基因分别位于5号和8号染色体,只在睾丸中特异性表达。受精素β在精子成熟前分布于整个头部,要在附睾成熟后受精素只分布于头后部区域。受精素β基因敲除的小鼠精子与卵细胞的结合能力明显下降,特异性抗体的抑制作用及合成肽竞争性抑制作用可以抑制精卵结合。受精素β通过去整合素与卵细胞表面的整合素结合,在精卵细胞的结合中发挥着重要的作用。精卵质膜的融合主要是由Izumo蛋白完成。