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1.
黏菌素是人类及动物防御多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染的最后一道防线。2015年底报道的质粒介导的黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1在革兰阴性菌水平传播,并在世界各地广泛存在,加剧了人们对耐药性的担忧。论文介绍了mcr-1介导黏菌素耐药性情况、在细菌和宿主的传播、mcr-1阳性菌在全球的传播、耐药机制、mcr-1遗传背景、与其他耐药基因的共存情况以及mcr-1以外的质粒介导的黏菌素耐药机制,为黏菌素的合理使用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

2.
临床应用中,抗菌药物不合理使用导致细菌很容易产生耐药性甚至多重耐药性。由于碳青霉烯类药物的耐药性不断上升,黏菌素被视为对抗多重耐药菌的最后一道防线。然而,宠物和人类中已出现质粒介导的新型移动黏菌素抗性基因,产生的获得性耐药菌株将严重影响黏菌素的疗效,增大耐药基因跨物种传播的风险,给公共卫生造成重大威胁。论文从目前黏菌素的使用情况、耐药性形成和传播机制以及黏菌素耐药菌流行现状等几方面进行综述,以期为伴侣动物临床用药和耐药性转移的风险评估提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
黏菌素是目前临床治疗多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染的重要药物之一,mcr-1基因的携带可介导黏菌素耐药性的产生和扩散。鸡源沙门氏菌作为重要的食源性病原菌,其血清型分布、对黏菌素的耐药性及mcr-1基因的携带对于公共卫生安全具有重要意义。研究对2014-2016年从全国12个省份成鸡分离的450株沙门氏菌进行了血清分型;用微量肉汤稀释法进行了对黏菌素的MIC检测;并用PCR方法对mcr-1基因的携带情况进行了调查。结果表明,鸡源沙门氏菌的优势血清型以肠炎、鸡白痢和鼠伤寒为主;肠炎沙门氏菌对黏菌素的耐药性最强(62.9%),其次为鸡白痢(50.5%)和杜伊斯堡(38.1%);鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对黏菌素最敏感(仅7.1%的菌株耐药);未检测出mcr-1基因阳性的沙门氏菌。研究结果为鸡源沙门氏菌感染的防控以及兽医临床黏菌素的使用和风险评估提供了技术参考。  相似文献   

4.
试验通过CLSI推荐的K-B药敏纸片法,对胶东地区分离的肉鸡大肠杆菌进行耐药性研究。结果显示:169株肉鸡大肠杆菌分离株对17种抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药性,对四环素、多西环素、阿莫西林耐药的菌株数量较多,耐药率分别为94.08%、94.08%、92.90%;对多黏菌素B耐药菌株数量最少,耐药率仅为0.59%;耐药率低于30%的有4种,依次为磷霉素、大观霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、多黏菌素B;其余10种药物耐药率在36.09%~79.89%。169株大肠杆菌中仅有一株大肠杆菌表现单一耐药性,其余168株分离菌均对抗菌药物表现出多重耐药,耐药范围在3~15种,其中对9~13种抗菌药物具有多重耐药性的分离菌共106株,占全部分离菌的62.72%。  相似文献   

5.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(8):1617-1626
黏杆菌素是一类老的阳离子型药物,可以干扰细菌的细胞膜造成细菌死亡。其主要用于治疗革兰阴性菌引起的感染,对多重耐药革兰阴性菌的抗菌活性亦非常显著。目前,黏杆菌素在兽医临床上有比较广泛的应用。本文旨在对黏杆菌素的化学、药效学、药动学、治疗应用及耐药等方面进行综述,对该药的选择和合理应用提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
行政     
<正>农业部启动兽用多黏菌素风险评估工作近日,全国兽药残留专家委员会办公室在北京召开多黏菌素风险评估研讨会,专题研究多黏菌素风险管理问题。会议总结了多黏菌素的发展、国内外生产使用、耐药性监测研究等情况,分析了该类药物作为人用药品的发展趋势,探讨了兽用多黏菌素作为药物饲料添加剂使用的风险评估实施方案。据介绍,由于多黏菌素存在抗菌谱窄和毒性大等缺陷,上个世纪80年代,许多国家将其开发成为兽药。我国1986年首次批准该产品进口,作为治疗用兽药和药物饲料添加剂。20世纪90年代末,  相似文献   

7.
多黏菌素B(PMB)具有杀菌与中和内毒素活性双重功效.近年来,医院感染的多重耐药革兰阴性菌日益增多,使得PMB重新受到重视.由于无法确定单独使用或联合用药时PMB的药物代谢学、药效学和毒效学等参数,PMB的最佳剂量仍无法确定.PMB在去除内毒素方面的应用主要是利用多黏菌素B固定化纤维柱(PXB),通过血液灌流过滤法在体...  相似文献   

8.
为探究南宁伴侣动物源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的毒力和耐药情况,本研究采集犬、猫粪便拭子,通过分离培养、形态学观察、药敏试验及PCR扩增16S rRNA、khe基因、毒力基因及耐药基因等方法对细菌特性进行分析。结果显示,分离的菌株中有4株能在麦康凯培养基上形成液状菌落,轻挑拉丝且镜检为短杆状革兰氏阴性菌,疑为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。16S rRNA测序结果显示,分离菌与肺炎克雷伯氏菌同源性达99%,同时肺炎克雷伯氏菌特异性基因(khe)阳性。其中,分离株GXKP-C14、GXKP-D15对大部分临床常用抗菌药物敏感,分离株GXKP-D1则表现出高水平多重耐药,分离株GXKP-D4耐药性稍低于GXKP-D1,对临床常用药氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢呋辛、四环素、多西环素、呋喃妥因、复方新诺明表现耐药,对头孢吡肟、美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、链霉素、多黏菌素等敏感。部分菌株携带tet(A)、QnrS、bla_(SHV)、sul2、mcr-1等耐药基因和WabG毒力基因。本研究结果为犬、猫源肺炎克雷伯氏菌病的检测、诊断及治疗提供了试验依据。同时,黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1的检出将为多黏菌素的耐药性控制和合理使用提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
目前,兽医临床上产生的多种耐药菌已至少对β-内酰胺类、碳青霉烯类、氨基糖苷类和氟喹诺酮类中的3种药物耐药,耐药菌的出现为临床治疗带来了极大困难,使人们陷于基本无药可治的被动局面,而多黏菌素对多种抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌仍然敏感,是治疗多重耐药的铜绿假单胞菌β和鲍氏不动杆菌感染疗效较好的药物。  相似文献   

10.
用纸片扩散法测定粤西地区田间分离的19株鸡源大肠杆菌对11种常用抗菌药物的耐药性。结果表明,19种大肠杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药性存在较大差异,其中显示出高敏感性药物为头孢噻肟和氟苯尼考,中度敏感的药物为安普霉素、黏菌素、阿米卡星和乙酰甲喹,大肠杆菌菌株对其余大部分药物出现耐药。  相似文献   

11.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.  相似文献   

12.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

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13.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).  相似文献   

14.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

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15.
16.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).  相似文献   

17.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

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18.
19.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983   总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

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20.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

  相似文献   

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