磷对奶牛红细胞膜脂质的影响

对１５例临床上有明显低磷血症的奶牛血清磷、红细胞膜脂质成分进行了测定。结果表明，低磷血症奶牛血清磷、红细胞膜磷脂明显降低；红细胞膜胆固醇及膜胆固醇／磷脂摩尔比值（ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ）明显升高，与健康对照组牛相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；直线相关分析表明，血清磷与红细胞膜磷脂之间呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９１７，ｙ＝１０．８５２ｘ＋３．１９６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；与红细胞膜胆固醇以及ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ之间分别呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９４０，ｙ＝２．８５０ｘ－１．０７２，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝－０．９２０，ｙ＝１．９６８ｘ－１．４０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。此外，红细胞膜微粘度与膜磷脂之间呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５４，ｙ＝１９．１２２ｘ－４．３８４，Ｐ＜０．０１），而与膜胆固醇以及ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ之间呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９８８，ｙ＝０．９２７ｘ＋０．９６４，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝０．９７８，ｙ＝－０．２９３ｘ＋１．１１３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明，磷是红细胞膜脂质成分改变的先决因素，而后者又是红细胞膜流动性及膜结构、功能发生变化并导致膜损伤的一个重要因素。     

低磷奶牛血红蛋白尿症红细胞膜脂质过氧化损伤的观察

研究观察了土壤、牧草低磷条件下,诱发奶牛红细胞膜脂质过氧化损伤。发现血清磷、红细胞膜总脂和过氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）明显下降：血清磷由（４３．１０±８．１０３）ｍｇ／ｇ下降至（２１．３３±２．２３１）ｍｇ／ｇ;膜总脂由（０．００２６７±０．０００１２９）ｇ／ｍＬ下降至（０．００２２４±０．０００１２９）ｇ／ｍＬ;ＳＯＤ由（２１７．６５±３．０４１）Ｕ／ｍＬ下降至（４０．６２±５．４４）Ｕ／ｍＬ,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。但微粘度（η）和红细胞丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）上升：η值由０．８４３３±０．０２１５上升至１．７２８５±０．１４５１,表明膜流动性下降;ＭＤＡ由（０．５３６±０．０７８）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍＬ上升至（１．０９３±０．１８０）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍＬ,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果显示,低磷不仅引起奶牛血红蛋白尿症而且诱导红细胞膜脂质过氧化损伤。     

山莨菪碱（654—2）对内毒素诱导山羊红细胞损伤过程中膜脂流动性？…

用１,６－二苯基－１,３,５－已三烯（１．６－ｄｉｐｈｅｎｙｌ－１,３,５－ｈｅｘａｔｒｉｅｎｅ,ＤＰＨ）分子荧光偏振技术,研究了内毒素（ＥＴ）诱导的山羊红细胞膜（ＥＣＭ）损伤过程中膜脂的流动性（Ｐ）、膜脂区微粘度（η）、脂双层分子列有序性系数（Ａ）的变化及山莨菪碱（６５４－２）对其的影响。结果表明,ＥＴ处理组（Ⅱ组（）ＥＣＭ的Ｐ、η和Ａ参数在处理后３、５、７、９、１２小时均显著高于Ⅰ组Ⅲ组（Ｐ〉     

低磷奶牛红细胞抗氧化功能的研究

利用自然病便，采取分组（血尿组、低磷组、对照组）对比的方法，对低磷奶牛红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）１、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量进行了测定。结果表明，低磷组及血尿组奶牛红细胞平均ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性明显低于对照组，而ＭＤＡ含量显著高于对照组及血尿组奶牛红直线相关分析表明，血清磷含量与ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性呈极显著正相关（相关系数及回归方程分别为ｒ＝０．９４     

植酸酶对3—7周龄肉鸭生长性能及钙磷表观存留率的影响

为了研究玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮条件下，在负对照组（钙、磷水平各减少０．１）基础上添加植酸酶对３～７周龄肉鸭生长、钙、磷表观存留率的影响，把６４只１日龄樱桃谷鸭按体重随机分为４组，其中２组为对照组，２组为试验组，试验组每千克日粮分别添加植酸酶３００和５００个活性单位（ＰＵ）。结果表明：添加值酸酶可显著提高试鸭的日增重；钙、磷的表观存留率，降低饲料转化比（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

磷对奶牛红细胞膜Na^＋,K^＋—ATPase活性影响的观察

观察了土壤、牧草低磷情况下，可影响奶牛血清磷含量。血清磷含量可影响红细胞膜结构与功能。血清磷含量减少会导致Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性降低，进而影响Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性和Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性。     

内毒素致兔红细胞膜流动性改变及阳离子A的拮抗效应

采用分子荧光偏振技术测定正常对照组（Ⅰ组）、内毒素组（Ⅱ组）和阳离子A拮抗组（Ⅲ组）中兔红细胞膜流动性的改变。结果显示,Ⅱ组中红细胞膜的荧光偏振度（P）、微粘度（^-η）和荧光各向异性（A）在整个试验过程中均高于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,而Ⅲ组中P、^-η和A值除处理后0.5 h变化不明显外（P〉0.05）,在1、3、57、h均低于Ⅱ组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。据此推断,内毒素可使兔红细胞膜的流动性降低,而阳离子A则能减轻内毒素对红细胞膜流动性的破坏,并对内毒素具有一定的拮抗效应。     

日粮中钙磷水平对肉用仔鸡生产性能及机体钙磷含量的影响

选用２７６只１日龄ＡＡ肉用公雏，随机分成２３组，每组１２只，采用随机试验及随机区组设计，研究日＊粮中钙、磷、维生素Ｄ３的不同供给水平对雏鸡生长及＊理化指标的影响。结果表明：０～２周龄肉用仔鸡日粮＊中，高钙、宽的钙磷比（Ｃａ＝１．２％，Ｃａ：ＡＰ＝２．６７：Ｃａ－＊１．１％，Ｃａ：ＡＰ＝２．７５：Ｃａ＝１．０％，Ｃａ：ＡＰ＝２．８６）阻碍＊雏鸡生长，降低饲料转化效率，使血钙升高，血磷降低。＊低磷日粮（ＡＰ＝０．３５％）使雏鸡生长显著下降，骨骼发育不良。在日粮中磷满足的情况下，雏鸡可以承受相应的高钙（Ｃａ＝１．２％，Ｃａ：ＡＰ＝２．６７）。日粮中钙磷的适＊宜比例为：１．８～２．２。     

雏鸭钙磷缺乏症的病理学研究

１日龄天府肉鸭健雏８０只，分四给，分别喂给钙－磷缺乏（Ｃａ ０．１３％，Ｐ０．３７％），缺钙（Ｃａ０．１２９％，Ｐ０．６５％），缺磷（Ｃａ０．８０％，Ｐ０．３６６％），和正常对照（Ｃａ０．８０％，Ｐ０．６５％）日粮３周（缺磷组）或周（缺钙组和钙－磷缺乏组）。缺钙组和钙－磷缺乏组病变表现为肋骨质软易弯，骨干内表面出现佝偻病串珠；长骨骺生长板之增生带轻度增宽，类骨组织和结缔组织增生，成骨细胞和破骨细胞     

内毒素对山羊红细胞膜ATPase活性的影响及654—2的保护效应

通过静脉注射的方法研究了大肠杆菌仙毒素对山羊红细胞膜损伤的膜泵分子活性的变化及６５４－２（山莨菪碱）的保护效应。结果表明,ＥＴ处理组在１ｈ,３ｈ红细胞膜Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ（腺苷三磷酸酶,简称ＡＴＰ酶）,Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均高于对照组,５ｈ有下降趋势并一直持续到９ｈ。     

Accelerated binding of autoantibody to red blood cells with increasing anaemia in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti

Anaemia is the most important clinical manifestation in cattle infected with Theileria sergenti. In order to determine the mechanism of red blood cells (RBC) destruction in anaemic cattle, we studied the binding of autoantibody (IgG) to RBC during the development of anaemia in T. sergenti infection. The low levels of IgG-bound RBC before the development of anaemia were triggered in proportion with the progression of anaemia and parasitaemia. Our results suggest an accelerated destruction of RBC in anaemic cattle by IgG-dependent phagocytosis.     

Blood groups in animals

The membrane of RBC is literally peppered with a great variety of antigenic determinants (blood factors). Some are fixed genetically, ie, they occur on the RBC of all members of the species under study. Others segregate genetically, ie, they occur on the RBC of some but not all members of the species under study. It is these segregrating determinants that form the blood groups proper, the classic example being blood factors A and B of the ABO system of human blood groups. The number of blood group determinants varies considerably between species (eg, greater than 80 in domestic cattle to only 1 in the new world Camelidae). Genetic analysis has shown that the blood factors belong to one or another of a limited number of blood group systems. Some of these systems, similar to the B system of cattle, are enormously complex, whereas others involve but a single blood factor. The object of the present paper is to report on the extent of genetic variation in blood groups and how information on blood groups is being used clinically.     

Insulin binding is a specific marker of fetal erythrocytes in ruminants

The ability of erythrocytes (RBC) from sheep and cattle of various gestational and postnatal ages to bind insulin specifically was studied. Insulin binding to RBC decreased as gestational and postnatal age advanced and was absent in blood obtained from adult animals. Maximal percentage 125I-insulin bound to RBC (3.6 X 10(9)/ml) was highest in the fetuses of sheep and cattle (7.3 +/- .6 and 7.8 +/- .9, respectively) compared to postnatal animals (2.3 +/- .2 and 2.2 +/- .3, respectively), or adults (no binding) of the same species. The decrease in binding began antenatally, and binding was projected to be insignificant by the end of the second postnatal month. Most of the observed decrease was due to a progressive decrease in the number of receptors on the cell surface. The time course of this phenomenon, as well as the total absence of insulin receptors on the RBC of adult ruminants, provides independent evidence that two distinct populations of RBC in ruminants exist. The gradual appearance of the adult RBC with no insulin binding results in a decrease in observed binding to RBC in a given blood specimen as fetuses and postnatal animals age.     

In vitro studies of haemolysis by Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and ballum

Washed and unwashed red blood cells (RBC) from young calves, adult cattle, hamsters and humans were incubated with Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and ballum. Washed cells suspended in saline were always haemolysed while unwashed cells and those which were washed and resuspended in plasma were never haemolysed, despite the presence of large numbers of organisms within the culture supernatant. Pomona produced greater haemolysis of cattle and human RBC than did ballum, but with hamster RBC ballum produced greater haemolysis than did pomona. A group of 6- to 9-month-old cattle infected with pomona showed no signs of clinical disease and RBC taken from them before infection and during the development of antibodies to pomona were haemolysed by pomona only after the cells were washed. Plasma therefore appears to have a protective function. This in vitro protective function of plasma even extended to plasma from young seronegative calves.     

维生素E缺乏对雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白组分的影响

用低维生素E和添加不饱和脂肪酸的日粮饲喂雏鸡,建立维生素E缺乏实验动物模型。采用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳法检测雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白组分变化。结果表明:维生素E缺乏组雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白带Ⅰ、Ⅱ含量高于对照组,带Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ含量低于对照组,组间差异显著或极显著,带Ⅳ无显著变化。提示VE对维持雏鸡红细胞膜结构起重要作用。     

Radioimmunoassay for Anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle

A radioimmunoassay is described for use in the detection of Anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle sera. Optimal sensitivity and specificity were obtained by using 2 antigens, an A marginale antigen and a RBC antigen (obtained before infection was established) from the same calf. In addition, sera were preabsorbed with RBC from healthy cattle and with sonicated Babesia bovis. Of 86 sera obtained from cattle with A marginale infection (as determined by blood smear examination or by results of subinoculation of blood from such infected cattle into splenectomized calves), 85 had positive results by use of this test. Of 100 sera obtained from cattle raised in an anaplasmosis-free area, 98 yielded negative results, and sera obtained from 35 cattle (97 sera) infected with B bigemina and from 18 cattle infected with Theileria orientalis yielded negative results. By use of this test, 99 of 100 sera obtained from cattle with B bovis infection were negative for A marginale. Anaplasma marginale antibodies were detected in 18 cattle that had been pastured in a Boophilus microplus-free area for 2 years after natural infection. After 3 years, 16 of these cattle were still seropositive for A marginale. Sixteen cattle pastured in a Bo microplus-infested area had detectable antibody against A marginale 27 months after initial infection with A marginale. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were assessed as 98.8% for each.     

Demonstration of Alternative and Classical Complement Pathway Activity in Colostrum from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Buffalo colostrum caused lysis of unsensitized red blood cells (RBC) from sheep, goats, rabbits and chickens. RBC from cattle and buffalo were resistant to lysis. That lysis was due to the presence of natural antibodies to these RBC was ruled out since there was no reduction in haemolytic titres even after adsorption with the respective RBC. The addition of EGTA to the diluent had no effect on the haemolytic activity. These findings indicate the presence of alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity in buffalo colostrum. The haemolytic activity of buffalo complement for unsensitized rabbit RBC was reduced to very low levels by heating at 50°C for 45 min. Treatment with zymosan also inhibited the haemolytic activity, while inulin had no effect. The maximum activity of ACP occurred in the presence of 4 mmol/L Mg²⁺ in the diluent. The range of ACP activities in colostrum from buffaloes varied from 4.06 to 8.48 CH₅₀ units/ml. Using a standard system for titrating the classical complement pathway and rabbit red blood cells sensitized with goat haemolysin, the range of complement activity in buffalo colostrum was 4.81–6.77 CH₅₀/ml.     

Assessment of the effects of different concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on erythrocytic indices of Nigerian White Fulani cattle and West African Dwarf goat

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on blood samples from White Fulani breed of cattle and West African Dwarf goat from Nigeria. Sample sizes of 20 animals were used for both species. Different concentrations of EDTA (2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) were used. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration of blood samples collected from White Fulani breed of cattle and West African Dwarf goat into bottles containing 16 mg/ml of EDTA were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those samples collected from the same animals into bottle containing 2 mg/ml (control). Similarly, the PCV, RBC and Hb values of the West African Dwarf goats in bottles containing 8 mg/ml of EDTA were significantly lower than those of the samples in the control (2 mg/ml). This study has shown that high concentration of EDTA as an anticoagulant can lead to a false erythrocytic index especially the PCV. In collecting blood samples for evaluation of haematological parameters, therefore, the blood volume/anticoagulant ratio must be strictly adhered to prevent error in the evaluated parameters in cattle and goats. Taken together, there is tendency for haemolytic anaemia to occur in blood sampled at higher concentration of anticoagulants in West African Dwarf goat than in White Fulani breed of cattle.     

猪附红细胞体对不同宿主红细胞的体外感染试验

本试验在猪附红细胞体体外培养的基础上,用猪附红细胞体的阳性血液体外感染家兔、昆明小白鼠、犬、羊、牛及人的健康红细胞。结果表明,上述宿主的健康红细胞均可不同程度地发生感染,其中体外感染家兔红细胞,在第36小时感染率最高,为45.0%;感染昆明小白鼠红细胞,在第24小时感染率最高,为40.3%;感染人红细胞,在第48小时感染率最高,为30.0%,呈现轻度感染;而对其他宿主红细胞,呈现一过性感染。     

Artifactual changes in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, and cell counts in bovine, caprine, and porcine blood stored at room and refrigerator temperatures

BACKGROUND: Blood samples collected from farm animals for hematology testing may not reach the laboratory or be examined immediately upon collection, and in some cases may need to be transported for hours before reaching a laboratory. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the artifactual changes that may occur in PCV, hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, and cell counts in bovine, caprine, and porcine blood samples stored at room (30 degrees C) or refrigerator (5 degrees C) temperature. METHODS: Baseline values for PCV, Hgb concentration, and RBC and WBC counts were determined immediately after blood collection from 36 cattle, 32 goats, and 48 pigs using manual techniques. Blood samples were split into 2 aliquots and stored at 30 degrees C or 5 degrees C. Hematologic analyses were carried out at specified intervals during 120 hours of storage. Results were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA; results at different temperatures were compared by paired t-tests. RESULTS: Compared to baseline values, there were no significant changes in Hgb concentration, RBC count, or WBC count in samples from cattle; in Hgb concentration and RBC count in samples from goats; and in Hgb concentration and WBC count in samples from pigs throughout the 120 hours of storage at both 30 degrees C and 5 degrees C. Significant changes (P <.05) from baseline occurred in PCV after 14 hours of storage at 30 degrees C and after 19 hours of storage at 5 degrees C in cattle and goats; and after 10 hours of storage at 30 degrees C and 14 hours of storage at 5 degrees C in pigs. Significant changes also were observed in Hgb concentration at 96 hours at 30 degrees C and 5 degrees C, and in RBC counts at 48 hours at 30 degrees C and 96 hours at 5 degrees C in porcine samples; and in total WBC counts at 120 hours at 30 degrees C and 5 degrees C in caprine samples. Artifactual changes were more pronounced in the samples stored at 30 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: At both 30 degrees C and 5 degrees C, blood samples from cattle and goats can be stored for up to 12 hours, while blood samples from pigs can be stored for up to 8 hours without any significant changes in PCV. Blood samples from all 3 species can be stored for more than 24 hours without significant changes in Hgb concentration, RBC count, and total WBC count.