框镜鲤致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定

为鉴定一株致框镜鲤发病病原菌的生物学特性,本研究由濒死框镜鲤体内分离到一株细菌CY0806,对形态学、培养特性、理化特性等生物学特性以及药物敏感性和16S rRNA序列进行检测和分析。结果显示:细菌株CY0806为革兰氏阴性菌,其理化特性与维氏气单胞菌基本相同。系统进化树分析表明,细菌株CY0806序列与维氏气单胞菌模式株ATCC35624无差异,同源性为100%,因此,鉴定该菌株CY0806为维氏气单胞菌。药物敏感性试验结果显示,庆大霉素、新霉素等11种药物对细菌株CY0806有较好的抑菌效果。     

蓝曼龙鱼致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定与系统进化分析

从患病蓝曼龙鱼(Trichogaster trichopterus)体内分离到1株细菌CC0323,经人工感染试验对蓝曼龙鱼有一定致病力。采用形态学观察,生理生化鉴定,16S r RNA序列分析,构建系统发育树等方法进行鉴定。结果分离株CC0323为革兰阴性短杆菌,具多形性,在RS琼脂上可生长,呈中等大小,表面光滑的淡黄色湿润菌落;理化特性和药敏试验结果与维氏气单胞菌基本相同;系统发育树可见CC0323与维氏气单胞菌QXL0711B进化关系最近。试验结果,证明分离株CC0323为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)。     

黄喉拟水龟致病菌-维氏气单胞菌的鉴定及药敏试验

对患病黄喉拟水龟(Mauremys mutica)进行细菌学检查和分离,对分离到1株革兰阴性细菌进行形态特征、理化特征、VITEK 2 ZOMPACT 30自动微生物鉴定系统鉴定、结合16S rDNA序列的分子鉴定,并构建系统发育树;进行人工感染试验及药物敏感性试验。结果分离到1株优势菌,根据此株分离菌的形态特征、理化特征、自动微生物鉴定系统鉴定、结合16S rDNA序列测定与系统发育树分析结果,判定其为气单胞菌属的维氏气单胞菌。此菌对供试健康黄喉拟水龟和小鼠有较强的致病作用,对供试20种抗菌药物中的头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、氧氟沙星、米诺环素高度敏感;对洛美沙星、恩诺沙星、氯霉素等3种中度敏感;对头孢噻吩、环丙沙星等13种表现耐药。表明所检出的维氏气单胞菌,是导致黄喉拟水龟以出血和腹水为主要病理特征的致病菌。     

52株不同淡水鱼类维氏气单胞菌耐药表型的分析

通过细菌形态观察、革兰氏染色、生理生化鉴定及16S r DNA序列测定共获得52株维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii),采用微量肉汤稀释法测定52株维氏气单胞菌对11种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,52株维氏气单胞菌存在比较严重的耐药性,且不同地域分离的维氏气单胞菌菌株对常用的抗菌药物的MIC结果存在明显差异。其中,对庆大霉素、阿莫西林、红霉素全部耐药;对阿米卡星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶和阿奇霉素的耐药率较高,分别为98.08%、94.23%和84.62%;其次是环丙沙星、强力霉素和恩诺沙星,耐药率分别为78.85%、71.15%和57.69%;氟苯尼考和氯霉素的耐药率最低,分别为15.38%和11.54%;所分离菌株均为多重耐药,分别为6重耐药、7重耐药、8重耐药、9重耐药和10重耐药。其中7重耐药和8重耐药分布最广,分别为21.15%和40.38%。     

斑点叉尾鮰源致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离与生物学特性鉴定

为鉴定一起致斑点叉尾鮰突然发病死亡的病原,本研究从发病斑点叉尾鮰中分离到1株致病菌GZTL2017,通过临床解剖观察、细菌分离培养、革兰氏染色镜检、动物回归试验、生化试验、16SrDNA序列分析、部分毒力基因检测和药敏试验进行鉴定。临床解剖观察结果显示,患病斑点叉尾鮰呈现体表溃疡、鳍根部出血、烂腮、肠管充血等症状;分离菌在培养基中呈现表面湿润凸起、边缘光滑半透明、形态均一的乳白色菌落;革兰氏染色镜检显示,分离菌为单个或成双存在、两端钝圆的短直阴性杆菌;动物回归试验显示,该分离菌有较强的致病性;生化试验结果显示,分离菌具有运动性,且氧化酶、V-P、赖氨酸脱氢酶等反应阳性,精氨酸双水解酶、硫化氢等反应阴性;16SrDNA基因序列系统进化树显示,该菌与维氏气单胞菌聚为一支,同源性均99%;毒力基因检测结果显示,该菌能检出气溶素基因(Aer)、黏附素基因(Aha)、外膜蛋白基因(OmpA)3种毒力基因;药敏试验结果显示,该菌对氟苯尼考、强力霉素、氧氟沙星等14种药物敏感;对诺氟沙星、新霉素、万古霉素等7种药物中度敏感;对麦迪霉素、苯唑西林、头孢拉定等8种药物耐药,且对氟苯尼考、强力霉素的药物最小抑菌浓度分别为1和2μg/mL。本试验成功分离到1株维氏气单胞菌,为斑点叉尾鮰维氏气单胞菌病防治提供参考依据。     

黄颡鱼维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为确诊引起广东省佛山地区某渔场细菌性疾病的主要病原菌,分析其耐药情况,为临床用药和治疗提供依据。本试验从患病的黄颡鱼肝脏和肾脏分离得到1株细菌,对该菌进行形态和培养特性、生化特性鉴定,分子生物学鉴定以及药敏试验。结果表明:分离菌为革兰氏阴性;16S r RNA通用引物PCR和序列测定结果表明其为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii);本分离菌除对氨苄西林和阿莫西林耐药外,对其它多种受试药物均敏感。     

一株草鱼维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及毒力基因分析

为了鉴定贵州芩巩县某养殖场草鱼发病死亡的病原,本研究通过临床解剖观察、细菌分离培养、革兰氏染色镜检、生化鉴定、药敏试验、动物回归试验、16S rDNA与gyr B基因测序及系统分析进行鉴定。结果显示,本研究从发病草鱼体内分离到1株致病菌GZQG2019,分离菌在培养基中呈圆形、表面湿润光滑、边缘整齐半透明的灰白色菌落,菌落周围呈现β-溶血环;革兰氏镜检显示,分离菌呈两端钝圆短小阴性杆菌;16S rDNA、gyr B基因序列分析显示,分离菌与维氏气单胞菌聚为一支,同源性均在99%以上;药敏试验结果显示,在使用的20种抗菌药物中,该菌对四环素、丁胺卡那、多黏菌素B和头孢曲松等10种药物敏感,对苯唑西林、青霉素、阿莫西林和庆大霉素等8种药物中度敏感,对头孢氨苄、复方新诺明2种药物耐药;动物回归试验显示,该菌对健康草鱼具有强致病性;10种毒力基因扩增结果显示,分离菌携带气溶素、热不稳定性肠毒素、溶血素、核酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶和酯酶7种毒力基因。本试验成功分离到1株草鱼源维氏气单胞菌,具有较强毒力,且携带多种毒力因子;对四环素、丁胺卡那等药物敏感,对四环素、丁胺卡那等耐药,为维氏气单胞菌病临床用药提供参考依据。     

中草药对罗非鱼源维氏气单胞菌体外抑菌效果研究

为了探求和补充对维氏气单胞菌引起的水产动物病害防治有效的中草药种类,本试验以从罗非鱼体内分离得到并通过生化鉴定初步确定的维氏气单胞菌作为研究对象,选取27种中草药进行初筛,测定各中草药的抑菌圈直径,对中度敏感且尚无关于维氏气单胞菌抑菌情况报道的几种中草药进行最小抑菌浓度(MIC)试验。结果表明:有14种中草药对维氏气单胞菌有抑菌效果,但抑菌活性差别较大。其中五味子对维氏气单胞菌的抑菌效果为高度敏感,苦楝树皮、山楂、大黄、公丁香、鸡血藤、丹参、决明子、藿香、牡丹皮和生地对维氏气单胞菌的抑菌效果为中度敏感,仙鹤草、没药和玄参等对维氏气单胞菌的抑菌效果为低度敏感。鸡血藤、苦谏树皮和丹参的MIC值最低,均为31.25 mg/mL;山楂为250 mg/mL;而决明子的MIC值最高,为500 mg/mL。说明五味子、鸡血藤、苦谏树皮和丹参这4种中草药对罗非鱼维氏气单胞菌的抑菌效果较好。     

一株草鱼维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及毒力基因分析

为了鉴定贵州芩巩县某养殖场草鱼发病死亡的病原,本研究通过临床解剖观察、细菌分离培养、革兰氏染色镜检、生化鉴定、药敏试验、动物回归试验、16S rDNA与gyr B基因测序及系统分析进行鉴定。结果显示,本研究从发病草鱼体内分离到1株致病菌GZQG2019,分离菌在培养基中呈圆形、表面湿润光滑、边缘整齐半透明的灰白色菌落,菌落周围呈现β-溶血环;革兰氏镜检显示,分离菌呈两端钝圆短小阴性杆菌;16S rDNA、gyr B基因序列分析显示,分离菌与维氏气单胞菌聚为一支,同源性均在99%以上;药敏试验结果显示,在使用的20种抗菌药物中,该菌对四环素、丁胺卡那、多黏菌素B和头孢曲松等10种药物敏感,对苯唑西林、青霉素、阿莫西林和庆大霉素等8种药物中度敏感,对头孢氨苄、复方新诺明2种药物耐药;动物回归试验显示,该菌对健康草鱼具有强致病性;10种毒力基因扩增结果显示,分离菌携带气溶素、热不稳定性肠毒素、溶血素、核酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶和酯酶7种毒力基因。本试验成功分离到1株草鱼源维氏气单胞菌,具有较强毒力,且携带多种毒力因子;对四环素、丁胺卡那等药物敏感,对四环素、丁胺卡那等耐药,为维氏气单胞菌病临床用药提供参考依据。     

罗非鱼竖鳞病病原维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定与致病性研究

为研究罗非鱼竖鳞病病原菌的致病性,本试验从出现竖鳞症状的患病罗非鱼不同部位分离得到1株病原菌,命名为GXKJDX01,采用16S rDNA基因序列分析、细菌的形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、药敏试验和人工感染试验的方法对其研究。结果显示,致病菌株GXKJDX01为维氏气单胞菌（Aeromonas veronii）;该菌株对青霉素G、红霉素、万古霉素等5种药物有高度的耐药性;对罗非鱼、黄颡鱼、泥鳅和禾花鲤均有较强的致病性。使用恩诺沙星、左氧沙星、头孢曲松等11种药物可有效对其进行防制。本试验首次报道维氏气单胞菌作为竖鳞病的案例,为其有效防控提供理论依据。     

草原革蜱和边缘革蜱的分子生物学鉴定

本研究旨在建立草原革蜱和边缘革蜱的分子生物学鉴定方法,并探讨其系统发生关系。在新疆从动物体表采集寄生蜱,形态学鉴定后,PCR扩增获得2种革蜱的16S rRNA及线粒体色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列,测序后进行同源性分析。用Mega 5.0和Mrbayes 3.2软件分别构建系统进化树,草原革蜱16S rRNA序列与GenBank数据库中已知草原革蜱16S rRNA序列聚类,而边缘革蜱COⅠ序列与GenBank数据库中已知边缘革蜱COⅠ序列聚类,与形态学鉴定结果一致。本研究结果表明,在传统形态学分类的基础上,结合分子生物学鉴定方法能简易、准确鉴定草原革蜱和边缘革蜱。     

Renaissance of equine dentistery, an abandoned discipline, which one tries to recover

The author illustrates by the study of ancient texts the interest shown for equine dentistry since the age of times. The first detailed studies on the technique go back to the 17th century. The 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries were fertile in instrumental as well as technical discoveries; it was the time of creativity, and he quotes authors like Günther father and son, Frick, Goubaux and Barrier, Mérllat, Cadiot, and Colyer with his enormous work on animal dentistry published in 1936. During and right after the 2nd World War, it is the time of desertion, with only one exception, Erwin Becker, who out of Berlin gives an extraordinary prestige to the dentistry. The beginning of the revival seems to go back to 1975-1980. At this point of time, non veterinarian "dentists" breach in, the moust famous being Dale Jeffrey, who opens a school, creates an academy and publishes a newspaper. The author reviews all the existing teaching method. A new professions is born, the dental technician, one hurdle remains how to integrate it within the world of the veterinarians? The author presents the British example, the best regulated. He also shows how the French National Veterinary Schools have restored the teaching of dentistry. The author regrets that the Medias glorify the dental technicians under the pompous and improper trade name "equine dentists", to the detriment of the veterinarians.     

In vitro effects of hydrochloric and lactic acids on bioelectric properties of equine gastric squamous mucosa

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Volatile fatty acids, byproducts of carbohydrate fermentation by resident bacteria, have been implicated in causing nonglandular (NG) gastric ulcers. Lactic acid (LA), also produced by stomach bacteria, may cause gastric ulcers when exposed to the equine NG mucosa. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the in vitro effects of LA on equine NG mucosa bioelectric properties, sodium transport and tissue resistance. METHODS: Gastric tissues obtained from 13 mature horses were studied in Ussing chambers. Short-circuit current (Isc) and potential difference (PD) were measured, and electrical resistance (R) and conductance (G) calculated for tissues after addition of HCl and LA (5, 10, 20 and 40 mmol/l) in normal Ringer's solution (NRS). RESULTS: Mucosa exposed to HCl or LA (5, 10 and 20 mmol/l) in NRS (pH 1.5 and to a lesser extent pH 4.0) had a significant decrease in Isc and PD. Mucosa exposed to a high concentration of LA (40 mmol/l) in NRS (LRS) at pH 1.5 showed an increased G, but this increase was not significant. Values returned to baseline after solutions were returned to pH 7.0. Histological changes were consistent with HCl-induced (pH <4.0) acid damage. CONCLUSIONS: HCl induced alteration in bioelectric properties of equine NG mucosa whereas addition of LRS did not, other than those changes seen with HCl alone.     

狐狸源致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

本研究通过生物学特性、16S rRNA基因和4种等看家基因的序列测定与分析,对分离自北京动物园死亡狐狸病变组织的1株细菌进行鉴定,并对其进行小鼠致病力试验及药物敏感性试验。结果显示:该细菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,培养特性、理化反应与维氏气单胞菌温和生物型基本相同;根据16S rRNA基因和dnaJ、rpoD、gyrB、cpn60等看家基因的系统进化及其同源性分析,确定所分离的细菌与维氏气单胞菌属于同一系统发育分支,各基因同源性最高分别为97.6%～99.9%。分离菌株对CD-1小鼠有较强的致病作用,其半数致死量为2.8×105cfu/只;对氧氟沙星、头孢他啶等14种抗菌药物敏感,对青霉素G、克林霉素等9种抗菌药物耐药。     

Experimental and clinical trials of long acting oxytetracycline in the treatment of canine ehrlichiosis

Four splenectomized dogs were experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis and treated at the point of illness with long acting (LA) Oxytetracycline at different dosages. Terramycin LA, when given at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (deep intramuscularly) twice, at a four-day interval, was found to have effectively controlled the disease and has replaced the usual 7-14 successive days' treatment regimen when other groups of tetracycline drugs are used. Predef 2X at the rate of 2 mg given intramuscularly concurrently eliminated the local inflammatory reaction caused by the injection of Terramycin LA. Twenty-four out of the 26 naturally infected dogs which were treated in a similar way were completely cured; one died before it could receive the full treatment, and another received a second medication five weeks after the first treatment, showing recurrent epistaxis; blood samples taken from this dog were negative for E. canis.     

黄芪对半滑舌鳎非特异免疫活性的影响

试验使用单因素3重复试验方法,第1组为对照组,其余3组为试验组,每试验组设3个重复,每个重复15尾鱼。依据半滑舌鳎的营养需求配制适合其生长发育的基础饵料,同时将20、40、60 g黄芪分别熬制药液,分别添加至一定量的基础饵料中配制成免疫饵料。半滑舌鳎暂养为15 d,期间投喂基础饵料;免疫试验时间为30 d,期间对照组投喂基础饵料,试验组投喂免疫饵料。通过对半滑舌鳎血清溶菌酶活性、白细胞吞噬百分比、吞噬指数和免疫器官(脾脏)指数的研究,来探讨黄芪作为饲料添加剂的可行性及适宜用量。结果表明,在试验时间内,添加中草药黄芪对半滑舌鳎的非特异免疫活性有明显的提高作用,用60 g黄芪熬制浓缩液与基础饵料制成的免疫饵料对半滑舌鳎非特异免疫活性的提高效果最好。     

双峰驼乳和牛乳中长链多不饱和脂肪酸质量浓度测定

采用国标法检测8份新疆双峰驼乳和7份荷斯坦牛乳中5种长链多不饱和脂肪酸的质量浓度和质量分数。结果表明：新疆双峰驼乳中亚油酸（LA）、α-亚麻酸（ALA）、花生四烯酸（ARA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的平均质量浓度分别为142.99、18.09、9.83、1.51和1.30 mg/100 g,各种脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比率依次为2.88%、0.37%、0.20%、0.031%和0.026%;荷斯坦牛乳中LA、ALA、ARA、EPA和DHA的平均质量浓度分别为88.37、5.13、6.57、0.69和4.24 mg/100 g,各种脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比率依次为2.86%、0.17%、0.21%、0.023%和0.14%。     

Isolation, characterization and establishment of an equine retinal glial cell line: a prerequisite to investigate the physiological function of Müller cells in the retina

Retinal Müller glial cells are of vital importance for maintaining a physiological environment within the retina. To this end, they provide highly specialized physiological properties to support neurons in structure, nutrition and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to isolate Müller cells from the equine retina, determine their characteristics and subsequently establish a stable equine Müller cell line (eqMC) that will provide a prerequisite for investigations on their physiological properties. Dissociated retinal cells were obtained from equine retinas by a papain digestion technique followed by trituration and a cell attachment method by which pure Müller cell cultures were achieved. Morphological examination was performed using phase-contrast microscopy, and further characterization of different subcultures was accomplished by immunocytochemistry. Cells of passage 1 showed distinct signals for glutamine synthetase and vimentin, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was almost absent. Characteristic expression patterns remained unaltered in all subcultures. Furthermore, cultured Müller cells stably expressed the microfilament alpha-smooth muscle actin, the proliferation marker Ki67 and the membrane channels Kir4.1 and aquaporin 4. The present study introduces the eqMC-7 that will facilitate studies investigating the physiological role of Müller cells within the equine retina.     

Disease resistance in Merino sheep. III. Genetic variation in resistance to footrot following challenge and subsequent vaccination with an homologous rDNA pilus vaccine under both induced and natural conditions

SUMMARY: Eight traits representing clinical indicators of resistance to footrot were examined in 1562 Merino sheep, representing the progeny from 162 sires in four major bloodlines. Over a 4-year period, sheep were exposed to virulent isolates of Dicbelobacter nodosus under both an experimental challenge in which footrot was induced, and a separate natural challenge involving a different isolate of D. nodosus. Five footrot traits and three healing traits were each recorded on seven occasions following induced challenge, and on five occasions following natural challenge. All sheep were vaccinated with a primary and booster injection of an homologous rDNA pilus vaccine, 9 and 6 weeks after initiation of the induced and natural challenge respectively. The major fixed effects which influenced variation in resistance were (in order of importance) time of inspection after challenge, year and group in which sheep were challenged, and sex of the animal. Date of birth, birth-rearing type and age or dam were unimportant in the expression of footrot. Half-sib heritability estimates of resistance to footrot were low to moderate for single observations recorded pre-vaccination (0.07-0.22), and slightly lower for inspections made after vaccination (0.07-0.15). Repeatability estimates for footrot traits during a challenge ranged from 0.31 to 0.70 for inspections pre-vaccination, and 0.19 to 0.35 for inspections post-vaccination. Genetic correlations among footrot traits recorded at repeat inspections were high for observations pre-vaccination (range 0.87-1.00) and slightly lower for observations made after vaccination (0.52-1.00). Heritability estimates derived from repeat measurements approached 0.30 for most traits, except for traits describing healing, which had a heritability of almost zero. Heritability estimates of liability to footrot ranged between 0.09 and 0.41 depending on the time after challenge when the inspections were made. The genetic correlation between induced and natural footrot ranged from 0.14 to 0.95, depending on the period over which inspections were made, with an average of 0.67. In addition to within-flock genetic variation in resistance to footrot, significant differences were observed between different bloodlines within the experimental flock. It was concluded that there is substantial genetic variation in resistance to challenge with virulent isolates of D. nodosus. However, practical restrictions of exploiting available genetic variation may limit the widespread adoption of direct selection. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Krankheitsresistenz in Merinos III. Genetische Variabilit?t in Moderhinke Resistenz nach Infektion und folgender Impfung mit homologer rDNA pilus Vakzine unter induzierten und natürlichen Bedingungen Acht Merkmale, die als klinische Hinweise auf Moderhinkeresistenz betrachtet werden, wurden in 1562 Merino Schafen aus 162 Vatertieren von vier wichtigen Linien untersucht. über eine 4-Jahresperiode wurden die Schafe virulenten Isolaten von Dichelobacter nodosus unter Versuchsbedingungen ausgesetzt und eine getrennte natürliche Infektion mit verschiedenen Isolaten von D. nodosus durchgeführt. Fünf Moderhinkemerkmale und drei Gesundungsmerkmale wurden nach Infektion bei sieben Gelegenheiten festgehalten und an fünf nach natürlicher Infektion. Alle Schafe wurden mit einer prim?ren und einer booster Injektion homologer rDNA pilus Vakzine geimpft, 9 und 6 Wochen nach der induzierten und natiirlichen Infektion. Die wichtigsten fixen Effekte, welche die Variabilit?t der Resistenz beeinflussen, waren, nach Wichtigkeit gereint, Zeit der Prüfung nach Impfung, Jahr und Gruppe in welcher Schafe geimpft wurden und Geschlecht. Geburtsdatum, Aufzuchttyp und Mutterschaf-alter waren im Hinblick auf Moderhinke unwichtig. Halbgeschwister-Heritabilit?tssch?tzungen ihrer Resistenz waren niedrig bis mittel für Einzelbeobachtungen vor der Impfung (0,07-0,22) und geringfügig geringer für Beurteilung nach Impfung (0,07-0,15). Wiederholbarkeitssch?tzungen für Moderhinkemerkmale bewegten sich von 0,31 bis 0,70 für Inspektionen vor und 0,19-0,35 für Inspektionen nach Impfung. Genetische Korrelationen zwischen Moderhinkemerkmalen bei verschiedenen Untersuchungen waren fur Beobachtungen vor der Impfung hoch (0,87-1) und geringfügig niedriger nachher (0,52-1). Heritabilit?tssch?tzungen von wiederholten Messungen erreichten 0,30 für die meisten Merkmale au?er für jene, welche Heilung beschreiben, die nahezu keine Heritabilit?t zeigen. Heritabilit?tssch?tzungen für Moderhinkeempfindlichkeit variierten zwischen 0,09 und 0,41 in Abh?ngigkeit von der Untersuchungszeit nach den Impfungen. Die genetische Korrelation zwischen induzierter und natürlicher Moderhinke schwankte von 0,14 bis 0,95 in Abh?ngikeit von der Dauer der Beobachtungsperiode, durschnittlich 0,67. Zus?tzlich zur genetischen Variabilit?t innerhalb der Herde wurden signifikante Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Linien innerhalb der Versuchsherde gefunden. Darauf wird es geschlossen, da? substantielle genetische Variabilit?t für Resistenz gegenüber virulenten Isolaten von D. nodosus existiert. Allerdings k?nnen praktische Hindernisse die Ausnutzung der vorhandenen genetischen Variabilit?t durch direkte Selektion einschr?nken.     

A simulation study on variation in response to selection and population size required for selection programmes

SUMMARY: To obtain a simple formula for predicting variation in selection response, the drift variance of selection response has been approximated by that under random selection. Using computer simulation, the validity of this approximation was examined under various combinations of population size, heritability, and proportion selected. It was shown that the approximation gives a good prediction when the heritability of the selected trait is low, but produces a serious error when applied to a trait with high heritability. However, when the approximation was used for the prediction of coefficient of variation of selection response, a satisfactory prediction was obtained in all cases studied. Although this predictor includes a coincidental factor, it may be used as a criterion for determining the population size required for selection programmes. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Simulationsuntersuchung über Selektionserfolg und notwendige Populationsgr??en für Selektions-programme Zur Sch?tzung der Variabilit?t von Selektionserfolgen wurde die Driftvarianz durch die bei Zufallspaarung erwartete approximiert. Die Gültigkeit dieser Approximation wurde an verschiedenen Kombinationen von Populationsgr??e, Heritabilit?t und Remontierungsprozentsat überprüft. Die Approximation ergibt gute Sch?tzwerte bei geringer Heritabilit?t, aber erhebliche Fehler bei hoher. Allerdings konnte der Variationskoeffizient des Selektionserfolges in allen F?llen zufriedenstellend gesch?tzt werden. Obwohl dies auf über-bzw. Untersch?tzung von Z?hler wie Nenner zurückzuführen ist, kann es als Kriterium zur Bestimmung der bei Selektionsprogrammen notwendigen Populationsgr??e verwendet werden.