大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

齐齐哈尔市羊东毕吸虫病流行情况调查及综合防治措施的研究

对齐齐哈尔市羊东毕吸虫的种类、中间宿主螺类及羊东毕吸虫的感染率、感染强度、死亡率进行了调查，结果齐齐哈尔市羊有程氏东毕吸虫、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫和土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种3种；中间宿主有卵萝卜螺和小土窝螺2种；在调查的9县(市、区)中有8县(市、区)有东毕吸虫病发生，羊平均感染率和死亡率分别为76．36％和19．31％，除拜泉没有检出虫体外，依安、齐齐哈尔市建华区、甘南、克东、富裕、讷河、龙江等地感染率均很高，泰来最为严重，感染率达到94．05％。根据调查结果，制定了齐齐哈尔市羊东毕吸虫病综合防治措施。     

牛羊东毕吸虫病诊断与防治

东毕吸虫病是一种对人畜危害较大的人畜共患寄生虫病。其病原为东毕属吸虫。东毕属(特点是睾丸多达60～120个,卵巢螺旋形)中较重要的虫种有土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫及其结节变种、彭氏东毕吸虫和程氏东毕吸虫等,可寄生于黄牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊。彭氏东毕吸虫还可感染瘤牛,猪也有受感染的。东毕吸虫的中间宿主为椎实螺、耳萝卜螺、折叠萝卜螺、卵圆萝卜螺和小土蜗等。生活史大体与裂体吸虫相似。东毕吸虫尾蚴能钻入人的皮肤,引起皮炎。严重患病的犊牛发育缓慢,变成侏儒牛。母畜不孕,孕畜流产。笔者经多年调查,对湘西自治州有代表性的几个地区的牛…     

大庆地区绵羊,山羊中首见土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫病

羊土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫病是由寄生于羊门脉和肠系膜静脉内的土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫引起的,对发展养殖业危害极大的一种血吸虫病。以往一直认为大庆地区无家畜血吸虫病的发生,但１９９８年１２月２日到１９９９年３月８日,通过外检,首次对１个单位和４家养羊户送检的３只绵羊和２只山羊进行诊断,确诊为土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫病。５群羊的总饲养数为６３７只（８７～１６０只）,到送检时已死亡３１１只,死亡率高达４８．８２％（２２．６７％～７１．４３％）。现将对５群羊发病死亡情况的调查和诊断过程报道如下。１　流行病学调查１．１　发…     

广西在耕牛体内再次检出东毕属血吸虫

东毕属血吸虫(Orientobilharzia),我国早在1938年徐锡潘在北京绵羊体内发现土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫(Orientobilharzia turkestanica),熊大仕1943年在成都牛体内发现东毕吸虫(Orientobilharzia),以后四川、云南、湖南、甘肃、内蒙古、宁夏、贵州、青海等省均有报道.广西1979年进行全面耕牛血吸虫病普查工作中,在百色地区靖西、德保两县粪检中发现20多头阳性牛,扑杀5头,分别冲出153～8 661条东毕血吸虫.     

东毕属三种吸虫分类地位的研究

东毕吸虫分类问题一直是大家比较关心的问题，本文根据课题研究情况并结合他人研究资料，对东毕吸虫属的三个种，即土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种和程氏东毕吸虫的光镜和电镜观察情况进行了比较和分析，并结合近期有关对虫体DNA序列分析资料，对三种东毕属吸虫分类地位进行了讨论。     

绵羊胃肠道内发现东毕吸虫

东毕吸虫(orientobilharzia)因寄生于动物血管内故称血吸虫。1984年4月在酒泉县调查绵、山羊寄生虫的过程中,在3只绵羊的真胃、小肠和大肠内发现东毕吸虫96个(成对),其中以小肠寄生最多。这些绵羊的肠系膜静脉内均寄生有程氏东毕吸虫和土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫,但以程氏东毕吸虫居多。     

江西高安市郊椎实螺体内肝片形吸虫包氏毛毕吸虫幼虫感染情况调查

肝片形吸虫病是由片形科片形属的肝片吸虫寄生于牛、羊、鹿和骆驼等反刍动物的肝脏胆管中,引起急性或慢性肝炎和胆管炎、实质性肝炎和肝硬化等病变,并伴发全身中毒现象和营养障碍,严重感染时可引起牛羊大批死亡,给畜牧业经济带来很大损失.毛毕吸虫病是由分体科的毛毕属的包氏毛毕吸虫寄生于鸭、鹅及野生水禽肝门静脉和肠系膜静脉内寄生并产卵引起肠黏膜发炎,影响肠道吸收功能,严重感染时呈现消瘦、发育受阻等症状.肝片形吸虫病及包氏毛毕吸虫病均属人畜共患病,肝片形吸虫、包氏毛毕吸虫的中间宿主同属椎实螺,椎实螺有小土蜗、静水椎实螺、斯氏萝卜螺、耳萝卜螺4种,在我国分布甚广,它们生活并大量繁殖于田园、沟渠、池塘、沼泽等地.当病畜病禽排出的虫卵随粪便于水中,孵出毛蚴游于水中并钻入椎实螺体内生长发育,椎实螺受肝片形吸虫及毛毕吸虫幼虫感染,其受感染率可以反映出当地患肝片形吸虫病和毛毕吸虫病的严重程度.为此,笔者对高安市郊农村椎实螺感染肝片形吸虫、毛毕吸虫幼虫情况进行了初步调查,旨为防治牛羊患肝片形吸虫病和鸭鹅患毛毕吸虫病提供依据.     

青海省牛、羊棘球蚴病流行病学调查

为了解青海省家畜棘球蚴病流行现状,给防治工作提供科学依据,2011年,在不同自然环境条件下选择5个县(市)对牛、羊棘球蚴病进行了流行病学调查.结果表明,5县牛、羊棘球蚴平均感染率和感染强度分别为27.09％、33.89％和0.5、1.3,犬细粒棘球绦虫平均阳性率为10.91％.     

牛羊东毕血吸虫病的防治

吉林省西北部幅员辽阔 ,地势平坦 ,有大小泡沼多达 1 2 5 0个 ,许多河流进草原后形成无尾河 ,或流进泡河内。雨季雨水流入洼地 ,长期浸泡低洼草场 ,极利于东毕血吸虫的中间宿主椎实螺的繁殖生长。1 986年和 1 998年该地区先后两次牛、羊东毕血吸虫病流行 ,造成了较大经济损失。1　病原土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫属于裂体科 ,东毕属吸虫 ,主要寄生于牛羊肠系膜静脉 ,引起牛、羊东毕血吸虫病。其中间宿主为水生椎实螺。牛、羊粪便中的虫卵 ,在水中孵化成毛蚴 ,侵入螺体 2 1天后发育成尾蚴逸出 ,在水中经皮肤侵入终末宿主体内 ,移行到肠系膜静脉管中生…     

中华血吸虫和土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种扫描电镜观察及与其它血吸虫的比较

中华血吸虫和土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种分别收集于四川和黑龙江省,按常规电镜方法处理后,以日立JSM-800扫描电镜观察并摄片.观察显示中华血吸虫体表无结节,其雄性成虫体表结构近似于日本血吸虫等亚洲血吸虫,与文献描述的采集于泰国的中华血吸虫也无明显差异.观察同时表明土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种与程氏东毕吸虫基本无差别,二者的感觉球种类与土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫一致,但数目较后者为多.同时结合已发表的有关裂体属血吸虫SEM研究结果,对裂体属血吸虫SEM超微结构特点列表进行了比较.按照Rollinson的分组方法,中华血吸虫属于无结节组,而东毕吸虫属于不带棘的有结节组.     

多雨年份牛羊主要寄生虫病综合防制措施

由于今年我省降雨量偏多，部分地区已发生洪涝灾害，极易引发牛羊主要寄生虫病的暴发流行。为防止寄生虫病暴发造成重大经济损失，本文详细阐述了阻断牛羊主要寄生虫病传播的关键因素，并针对历年危害严重的东毕吸虫、肝片吸虫、胃肠道线虫和疥癣等几种主要寄生虫病的流行病学特点提出了综合防制措施，以期降低牛、羊主要寄生虫病的发生，提高牛、羊养殖业的经济效益。     

四川省家畜包虫病流行病学调查报告

了解当前四川省家畜包虫病流行状况,为国家防治包虫病行动计划和省包虫病综合防控工程规划的启动和实施提供基础数据。通过眼观、触摸、刀切囊肿的方法检查定点屠宰场牛、羊的肝、肺包虫病感染情况,采用细粒棘球绦虫犬粪抗原抗体夹心ELISA检查犬感染情况,采用问卷、实地走访、座谈等方式进行基线调查。若尔盖、理塘和色达3个县的牛包虫病平均感染率、羊包虫病平均感染率、犬感染细粒棘球绦虫平均感染率分别为21.27%(67/315)、29.52%(62/210)、14.57%(44/302);随机调查12个村,464个人中有12人曾患包虫病(2.59%)。"包虫病传播途径、动物能否传播给人、家犬如何驱虫、病畜内脏如何处理"4项包虫病常识的单项认知率分别为33.33%、44.17%、34.17%、38.33%。包虫病在我省部分疫区流行广泛,危害严重,犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染率和牛、羊的包虫病感染率之间存在一定的相关性。通过采取加大财政专项投入,加强传染源的控制,加强家畜防治和屠宰监督管理,加大宣传教育力度等综合防控措施才能有效地防控包虫病。     

A serological survey of Akabane virus infection in cattle and sheep in northwest China

Purpose

Akabane disease characterized mainly by fetal damage is a ruminant disease caused by insect-transmitted Akabane virus infection.

Methods

We investigated Akabane disease using serum neutralization tests in 446 blood samples collected from 187 cattle and 259 sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China.

Results

(1) The overall prevalence rate of neutralizing antibody was 19.06?% (85/446), (2) the prevalence rates of Akabane disease in cattle and sheep were 20.32?% (38/187) and 18.15?% (47/259), respectively, (3) the disease prevalence rates were not significantly different between cattle and sheep, but significantly different among samples collected from different sampling months, (4) the disease was most prevalent in July when mosquitoes and culicoides were most active, and (5) the disease prevalence rates were significantly different between individuals with abortion experience and without abortion experience (P?<?0.05), suggesting that Akabane virus infection may significantly increase abortion risk in cattle and sheep.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming that Akabane virus infection is common in cattle and sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China and providing useful epidemiological information for cattle and sheep abortion prevention and control.     

O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫家畜抗体水平的检测

准确监测是防控口蹄疫的重要环节。采集某地区乡镇规模化养殖场及散养户的牛、羊、猪血清,采用正向间接血凝试验进行O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体水平的检测。结果显示,该地区牛、羊的口蹄疫疫苗免疫合格率平均为76%,猪的口蹄疫疫苗免疫合格率平均为60％;规模化养殖场较个体散养户免疫效果好;牛口蹄疫O型灭活苗的免疫效果好于牛口蹄疫Asia I-O型双价灭活疫苗的免疫效果。     

Field observations during the Bluetongue serotype 8 epidemic in 2006. II. Morbidity and mortality rate, case fatality and clinical recovery in sheep and cattle in the Netherlands

Data collected in the Netherlands during the Bluetongue serotype 8 (BTV-8) epidemic indicated that in outbreak cattle herds, predominantly dairy and nursing cows were clinically affected and not young stock, beef cattle, beef calves, or breeding animals. In outbreak sheep flocks, mainly ewes and - if present - rams, were clinically affected and not the lambs. Median morbidity rate in outbreak herds was 1.85 per 100 sheep-month at risk and 0.32 per 100 cattle-month at risk for sheep and cattle, respectively. The mean proportion of BT-affected animals in outbreak herds that recovered from clinical disease was approximately eight times higher for cattle compared to sheep in the Netherlands. Median mortality rate in outbreak herds was 0.5 per 100 sheep-month at risk of dying and 0 per 100 cattle-month at risk of dying for sheep and cattle, respectively. Median recovery time of both sheep and cattle that recovered from clinical disease in outbreak herds was 14 days. Median case fatality was 50% in sheep outbreak flocks and 0% in outbreak cattle herds. It is concluded that morbidity and mortality in outbreak cattle herds was very limited during the BTV-8 epidemic in the Netherlands in 2006. In outbreak sheep flocks, morbidity was limited, with exceptions for a few flocks. However, almost 50% of the clinically sick sheep died in outbreak sheep herds.     

Modelling the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and cattle in Kazakhstan

Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is an emerging disease in many parts of the world and, in particular, in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This paper examines the abundance and prevalence of infection of E. granulosus in cattle and sheep in Kazakhstan. Observed data are fitted to a mathematical model in order to determine if the parasite population is partly regulated by intermediate host immunity and to define parameters in the model. Such data would be useful to develop simulation models for the control of this disease. Maximum likelihood techniques were used to define the parameters and their confidence limits in the model and the negative binomial distribution was used to define the error variance in the observed data. The results indicated that there are significant variations in the infection pressure to sheep depending on their location. In particular sheep from Almaty Oblast and from central and northern Kazakhstan appeared to have a greater exposure than sheep from Jambyl or South Kazakhstan Oblasts. The infection pressure to cattle was somewhat lower in comparison. In common with other similar studies, there was no evidence of parasite-induced immunity in sheep or cattle in Kazakhstan due to natural infection. The highest abundance and prevalence were seen in the oldest age classes of animals.     

2019—2021年伊吾县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体监测与分析

为掌握伊吾县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体水平,采用液相阻断ELISA抗体检测(LPB-ELISA)方法,收集6个乡镇2019—2021年抽检春秋两季牛1258头、羊2496只,进行时间、地域分布描述。实验显示,口蹄疫A型总体合格率90.86%、90.91%,O型口蹄疫免疫抗体总体合格率94.12%、94.03%,免疫抗体效价大于70%。不同区域前山乡口蹄疫整体免疫水平最高,吐葫芦乡牛A型口蹄疫免疫抗体较低仅为74.67%。结果表明,全县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体检测效果整体良好,部分乡镇免疫较低。需做好基层牛羊口蹄疫免疫调研,查找原因,提出了今后的工作方向,加强对防疫员开展从疫苗保存、免疫部位选择、免疫剂量技术指导,特别是动物检疫站监管,为伊吾县畜牧业高质量健康发展提供依据。     

2010年黑龙江猪高热病流行病学调查

2010年黑龙江省多个地区暴发猪“高热病”,为明确其病因及流行特征,对来自大庆市、齐齐哈尔市、佳木斯市,绥化市等地区送检的43例病例(70头病死猪),应用病原学、血清学和PCR方法进行诊断,对确诊的病例进行流行病学回顾性研究.结果表明,小养殖户或小型猪场发病率较高,发病高峰期集中在9～12月份,发病日龄集中在1～3月龄仔猪(54.16％);病死猪以败血症为主,43例病例中猪链球菌病23例( 53.49％),猪瘟8例(18.60％),副猪嗜血杆菌病8例(18.60％),猪繁殖与呼吸综合征6例(13.95％),圆环病毒病4例(9.30％),混合感染发病率高达58.13％.以上结果表明,猪“高热病”病因复杂多样,防制工作任重而道远.