沙拉沙星对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效研究

本文研究了国产新兽药沙拉沙星对人工感染大肠菌病的疗效。治疗试验用雏鸡240只,随机分为沙拉沙星三个不同剂量组、环丙沙星对照组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,每组雏鸡40只。当感染鸡出现典型症状时,沙拉沙星三个剂量组、环丙沙星组分别按0.4％、0.2％、0.1％和50 mg·L~(-1)混饮药物,场连续5天。结果表明:沙拉沙星三个剂量组、环丙沙星组对雏鸡大肠杆菌的治愈率分别为95％、87.5％、80％、85％。表明沙拉沙星确为治疗鸡大肠杆菌的理想药物。     

紫外分光光度法测定盐酸沙拉沙星可溶性粉中沙拉沙星方法的建立

为了快捷简便地测定盐酸沙拉沙星可溶性粉生产过程中沙拉沙星的含量,采用紫外分光光度法测定沙拉沙星的含量。结果表明,沙拉沙星对照品质量浓度在2.4μg/mL～12.0μg/mL范围内与吸收度呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程A=0.088C+0.09,r=0.9999(n=5),平均回收率为99.74%,RSD=0.47%(n=5),与高效液相色谱法比较结果一致。     

沙拉沙星对人工感染禽大肠杆菌病和鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌病的治疗试验

盐酸沙拉沙星分别以５０、２５和１２．５μｇ／ｍｌ（以沙拉沙星碱基计）的浓度配备于饮水中,让鸡连续饮用６ｄ对致死量的大肠杆菌（Ｏ１３８）人工感染的３周龄肉鸡的保护率分别为８３．３％、７３．３％和６０％,与感染接种不治疗组存活率２０％比较差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。按上述剂量与疗程用药对致死量的鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌人工感染１日龄肉鸡的保护率分别为１００％、９３．３％、８０％,５０μｇ／ｍｌ环丙沙星治疗对照组的存活率为９０％,感染发病不治疗组的存活率为４０％,检验结果表明沙拉沙星各用药组的存活率均比发病不治疗组高,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

UPLC检测饲料中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和沙拉沙星

恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和沙拉沙星属于化学合成抗菌素类药物,在动物的饲料中添加会减少动物感染肠道类疾病的概率,但是恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和沙拉沙星这类药物却会残留在动物的肌肉组织中,人食用后会给人体健康带来不利影响,对生长发育中的儿童影响尤其不利,细菌耐药和不良反应也相继发生,主要有过敏、溢血和肾衰等不良反应.此外还有可能诱发精神病及癫痫患者发病的风险,增加胎儿畸形的风险.以超高效液相色谱-荧光法(UPLC)检测饲料中的恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和沙拉沙星类违禁药物进行探讨,试样用磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取,C18萃取柱净化,流动相洗脱后,用超高效液相色谱-荧光检测器测定,激发波长280 nm,发射波长450 nm处测定其吸光度,同条件下测定恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和沙拉沙星药物标准品相对应的峰面积响应值,恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和沙拉沙星含量与吸光度值在一定质量浓度范围内成正比,试样与标准品比较定量.经试验,此方法具有操作简单、回收率稳定和检测时间短等优点;标准品峰面积响应值稳定,此方法在环丙沙星、恩诺沙星和沙拉沙星质量浓度为0.1～0.5 μg/mL时,能够达到较好线性系数,符合检测时的相关要求;恩诺沙星相关系数r≥0.999 96,环丙沙星相关系数r≥0.999 87,沙拉沙星相关系数r≥0.999 82.恩诺沙星平均回收率为83.5 ％～96.5％,批内变异系数≤4.2％,批间变异系数≤7.5％;环丙沙星的平均回收率为74.9 ％～95.5％,批内变异系数≤5.1％,批间变异系数≤7.7％;沙拉沙星平均回收率为80.1％～95.0％,批内变异系数≤4.5％,批间变异系数≤6.5％.     

不同表面活性剂对盐酸沙拉沙星溶解度影响

本文通过研究不同表面活性剂(OP-10、吐温-80、十二烷基吡咯烷酮)对盐酸沙拉沙星溶解度的影响,探讨不同表面活性剂分子结构对盐酸沙拉沙星增溶原理,并通过建立盐酸沙拉沙星含量测定标准曲线,量化增溶效果。实验结果表明,在OP-10用量为12%时,对盐酸沙拉沙星溶解度达到最大4.683ug/m L,具有较好效果。     

沙拉沙星注射液对人工诱发仔猪大肠杆菌病的临床疗效试验

本试验以5％氟哌酸注射液为对照药物，用沙拉沙星注射液，1.25、2.5及5mg/kg体重3个剂量分别肌肉注射人工诱发大肠杆菌病仔猪，连续用药3d，治愈率分别是85.7%、92.8%、100％，结果表明沙拉沙星注射液对仔猪大肠杆菌病有很好的疗效。     

盐酸沙拉沙星在蛋鸡组织和血液中相关性的研究

研究盐酸沙拉沙星在蛋鸡组织和血液中的相关性，选用成年健康蛋鸡65只进行试验。按10mg/kg口服给药后，测定血清和组织中盐酸沙拉沙星的含量，通过一元线性回归分析、多元线形回归分析及多元曲线回归分析，从而确定两者之间的相关性。     

紫外分光光度法测定盐酸沙拉沙星原料的含量

建立紫外分光光度法测定盐酸沙拉沙星原料的含量。用0.1mol/L NaOH溶液为溶剂,在274nm波长处测定吸收度。结果沙拉沙星对照品质量浓度在2.4～12.0μg/mL范围内与吸收度呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程A=0.089C+0.05,r=0.9999(n=5);平均回收率为99.74%,RSD=0.40%(n=5)。本方法操作简便、快捷、经济、结果准确,可用于盐酸沙拉沙星原料的含量测定。     

沙拉沙星对上鼠的显性致死试验

本试验研究了沙拉沙星对昆明系小鼠的显性致死性。剂量分别为500mg/kgBW;50mg/kgBW和5mg/kgBW，雄鼠连续给药5d，与雌鼠按2：1的比例同笼交配，连续交配8批，以检测沙拉沙星对遗传物质的损伤。试验各剂量组指标与阴性对照组无显著性差异，表明沙拉沙星对昆明系小鼠的显性致死性为阴性。     

盐酸沙拉沙星注射液对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效及安全性试验

盐酸沙拉沙里是最新竣诺酮类（Quinolones）抗菌药物,国内兽医界尚未见其疗效及安全性试验研究报道。为了对该药今后的生产及应用提供依据,笔者对齐鲁制药厂动物保健品分厂试制的盐酸沙拉沙星注射液,进行了人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效及安全性试验。1材料与方法1．1受试药物盐酸沙拉沙星注射液,含量为：29／100ml,齐鲁动物保健品厂试制生产。1．2对照药物盐酸环丙沙星水溶性粉剂,由市场购入,批号：970427209。1．3菌种大肠杆菌S。,中国兽药监察所提供,山东农业大学动科院微生物教研室保存。1．4试验动物宝万斯一尼拉蛋雏鸡,11日…     

奶牛亚临床酮病检测

本研究采用试纸条法、紫外分光光度法和酮粉法检测奶牛亚临床酮病,结果表明：以紫外分光光度法定量检测结果为诊断标准,试纸条法具有较高的敏感性和特异性,分别为69％和94％,酮粉法的检测敏感性和特异性较低,分别为56％和90％.     

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on ultraviolet (UV 254) inactivation of airborne porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus

The objective of this research was to estimate the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the inactivation of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus by ultraviolet light (UV(254)). Aerosols of PRRS virus were exposed to one of four doses of UV(254) under nine combinations of temperature (n=3) and relative humidity (n=3). Inactivation constants (k), defined as the absolute value of the slope of the linear relationship between the survival fraction of the microbial population and the UV(254) exposure dose, were estimated using the random coefficient model. The associated UV(254) half-life dose for each combination of environmental factors was determined as (log(10)2/k) and expressed as UV(254) mJ per unit volume. The effects of UV(254) dose, temperature, and relative humidity were all statistically significant, as were the interactions between UV(254) dose × temperature and UV(254) dose × relative humidity. PRRS virus was more susceptible to ultraviolet as temperature decreased; most susceptible to ultraviolet inactivation at relative humidity between 25% and 79%, less susceptible at relative humidity ≤ 24%, and least susceptible at ≥ 80% relative humidity. The current study allows for calculating the dose of UV(254) required to inactivate airborne PRRS virus under various laboratory and field conditions using the inactivation constants and UV(254) half-life doses reported therein.     

紫外分光光度法测定甲基丁香酚含量方法的建立

采用紫外分光光度法,检测波长230 nm对甲基丁香酚原料药含量进行测定.结果表明,在Oμg/mL～5 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为A=0.025 1x-0.001 4(r=0.996 6,n=5),平均回收率为99.45％,RSD为1.03％(n=3),测定的甲基丁香酚原料药的含量为98.27％.该方法...     

干旱和UV-B辐射胁迫及其互作对白沙蒿抗性生理的影响

以白沙蒿为试验材料,在干旱（D）、UV-B辐射（U）和干旱与UV-B辐射复合（D+U）胁迫下,从幼苗生长、膜脂氧化、次生物质类黄酮、脂肪酸代谢及其基因表达等方面研究了干旱和UV-B辐射胁迫及其互作对白沙蒿抗性生理的影响。结果显示,D和U处理下,白沙蒿幼苗叶、茎、根生物量及总生物量积累减少,株高、叶面积和相对含水量（RWC）降低。D+U处理缓解了D和U处理造成的白沙蒿生物量的下降。D和U处理下,叶相对电导率（REC）显著升高;D+U处理的REC显著下降。D处理的丙二醛（MDA）含量和脂氧合酶（LOX）活性分别为对照（CK）的1.65和3.69倍,而U处理MDA含量和LOX活性无显著变化;D+U处理MDA含量和LOX活性分别为D处理的66.69%和44.00%。D和U处理类黄酮含量分别为CK的1.25和1.37倍;D+U处理类黄酮含量为D处理的1.57倍。D处理未引起不饱和脂肪酸指数（IUFA）显著变化,U处理造成IUFA显著降低,为CK的91.96%;D+U处理IUFA为U处理的1.08倍。结果表明,干旱和UV-B辐射胁迫引起的膜损伤是造成白沙蒿生物量下降的主要原因;干旱和UV-B辐射复合胁迫通过增加类黄酮含量、抑制LOX活性和提高脂肪酸不饱和度的效应产生叠加作用,缓解了彼此对白沙蒿造成的膜损伤。     

黄芩注射液的制备工艺及质量标准的初步研究

目的:研制以黄芩和柴胡为主药的注射剂,并建立质量控制标准。方法:以传统的水提醇沉法制备该注射剂,采用薄层色谱法对黄芩甙进行鉴定,并用紫外分光光度法测定黄芩甙的含量。结果:采用水提醇沉法制备得到的该注射剂符合药典关于注射剂的各项检查。实验结果表明:黄芩苷含量在1.6μg/mL～8.0μg/mL与吸光度成良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9996,平均回收率99.4%,相对标准偏差为0.6%(n=5)。黄芩甙的薄层色谱鉴别,薄层色谱斑点清晰、空白无干扰,重现性好。结论:该制剂生产工艺简单,质量标准简单易行,产品质量容易控制。     

桑椹红色素在蚕丝织物上的应用研究

对桑椹红色素的提取方法、稳定性及其在蚕丝织物上的染色性能、染色牢度进行了分析探讨 ,并对染色后蚕丝织物的抗紫外线辐射性能进行了测试。实验结果表明 :桑椹红色素具有良好的染色性能 ;经桑椹红色素染色的蚕丝织物具有优良的抗紫外线性能 ,在 2 0 0～ 4 0 0nm紫外波段中 ,紫外线透过率为 2 3%～ 5 1% ,选用合适的媒染剂可以使紫外线透过率下降到 1 9%～ 3 2 %。     

Immunogenicity of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1) and equine rhinovirus type 1 (ERhV1) following inactivation by betapropiolactone (BPL) and ultraviolet (UV) light

Some kinetic data on the inactivation of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1) and equine rhinovirus type 1 (ERhV1) by betapropiolactone (BPL) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation are reported. 0.25% BPL at 37 degrees C for 1 h reduced the titre of EHV1 by greater than 10(3 . 4) and of ERhV1 by greater than 10(4 . 1) TCID50/ml. UV irradiation (334 microW/cm2) produced similar reductions in titre after 2 min. These data were used as a basis for inactivating EHV1 and ERhV1 by the combined action of BPL and UV irradiation. Viruses were exposed to 0.1% BPL for 1 h at 4 degrees C with constant stirring, followed by UV irradiation for 2 min, followed by incubation for 3 h at 37 degrees C. Inactivated EHV1 elicited secondary immune responses only in horses whereas ERhV1 produced primary immune responses in mice (including athymic nu/nu mice), rabbits and probably in horses.     

紫外-氯化锂复合诱变选育泰妙菌素高产菌株

对泰妙菌素生产菌TMⅡ09-003经紫外线（UV）照射180 s后,将菌悬液均匀地涂布于加有0.8%的氯化锂平板上,在避光条件下于温度26℃～27℃、相对湿度60%～65%的环境下培养13～14 d后,挑取单菌落,进行初筛、复筛,用HPLC法测定含量。结果表明,UV照射180 s后,氯化锂加量为0.8%剂量对菌株的致死率为88.6%。对该剂量处理获得的诱变菌株进行了筛选,最终获得4支高产菌株,分别为TMⅡ09-236、TMⅡ09-253、TMⅡ09-441和TMⅡ09-447。     

Ultraviolet irradiation and the mechanisms underlying its inactivation of infectious agents

We review the principles of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the inactivation of infectious agents by UV, and current applications for the control of microorganisms. In particular, wavelengths between 200 and 280 nm (germicidal UV) affect the double-bond stability of adjacent carbon atoms in molecules including pyrimidines, purines and flavin. Thus, UV inactivation of microorganisms results from the formation of dimers in RNA (uracil and cytosine) and DNA (thymine and cytosine). The classic application of UV irradiation is the inactivation of microorganisms in biological safety cabinets. In the food-processing industry, germicidal UV irradiation has shown potential for the surface disinfection of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. UV treatment of water (potable and wastewater) is increasingly common because the process is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, overdose is not possible, chemical residues or by-products are avoided, and water quality is unaffected. UV has been used to reduce the concentration of airborne microorganisms in limited studies, but the technology will require further development if it is to gain wider application. For bioaerosols, the primary technical challenge is delivery of sufficient UV irradiation to large volumes of air, but the absence of UV inactivation constants for airborne pathogens under a range of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) further compounds the problem.     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in feline premalignant and invasive squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant cutaneous and oral neoplasm of cats. Papillomavirus (PV) DNA has been identified in a proportion of feline Bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs), cutaneous SCCs and a single oral SCC, but its exact role in the pathogenesis remains unknown. In humans, it has been suggested that ultraviolet (UV) light and human PV (HPV) may act as cofactors in cutaneous SCC carcinogenesis. Little is known about the influence of UV light on PV prevalence in feline cutaneous lesions, including actinic keratosis (AK). Additionally, PV prevalence in noncutaneous feline lesions, including oral SCC, is largely not known. This study aimed to determine the presence of PV in 84 cats with premalignant and invasive SCC from cutaneous and noncutaneous sites using polymerase chain reaction and to investigate an association with UV light. Papillomaviral DNA was amplified from two of 12 cases of AK, seven of 22 BISCs, nine of 39 cutaneous SCCs and two of 35 non‐cutaneous SCCs. Of the PV DNA sequenced, 50% was most similar to HPV of the genus Betapapillomavirus, while the other 50% was most similar to Felis domesticus PV type 2. Exposure to UV was not associated with an increase in PV for cutaneous SCC. The results of this study suggest that in the cat, HPV DNA may be detectible within a higher percentage of squamous lesions than previously demonstrated, UV exposure may not be a confounder for PV presence, and noncutaneous lesions may have a low prevalence of PV.