水貂阿留申病的防制

简述了阿留申病对养貂业的严重危害及其症状和病原性。概述了当前此病的 3种防制措施 :应用对流免疫电泳 (CIEP)特异诊断阿留申病 (AD) ,淘汰阳性貂 ,净化种群 ;筛选抗阿留申病个体 ,进行抗病育种 ;研制疫苗 ,开展免疫预防综合性防制。     

Protein and amino acid metabolism in the intestinal tract of growing young bulls. 7. Protein estimation and evaluation of protein supply in growing ruminants by the apparently digestible total protein in the duodenum based on rations

The following values were derived from experimental studies of the crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) metabolism of growing fattening bulls, the detailed results of which were described in installments 1-6, for the ascertainment of the content of apparently digestible total protein at the duodenum (ADTPD): a) partial method: Degradation quotaCP = NPN + 0.69 X g pure protein/CP; g AD feed PD = g CP (1 -decomposition quotaCP) X 0.72 or g AD feed PD = 0.31 X g pure protein X 0.72; g ADBPDE = 0.149 X g AD org. matter X 0.80 X 0.72 (ADBPDE = apparently digestible pure bacteria protein at the duodenum, dependent on energy release in the reticulo-rumen; g ADBPDN = g CP X (degradation quotaCP) X 0.80 X 0.72 (ADBPDN = apparently digestible pure bacteria protein at the duodenum, dependent on CP supply of rumen microbes); g AD total PD = g AD feed PD + ADBPDE g AD total PD = g AD feed PD + ADBPDN; b) summarizing method: AD total PD = 0.429 + 10.9 X 0.80/CP in % AD org. matter X (CP intake) X 0.72; AD total PD = 0.196 + 16.6 X 0.80/pure protein % AD org. m. X pure pr. intake X 0.72. The requirement of AD total PD was calculated under consideration of the endogenous urine N, skin N and hair N losses as well as protein retention per kg live weight assuming a utilization of 0.70 for this partial performance. The practical application of this balance method is demonstrated in comparison to the digestible CP-system.     

Current evidence of skin barrier dysfunction in human and canine atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifaceted disease resulting from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Both of these factors can shape skin barrier function and the immunological response of predisposed patients. There is increasing evidence that an impaired skin barrier plays a role in both human and canine AD. Although many primary skin barrier defects had already been documented in the past in humans, the recent identification of the filaggrin mutations and the fact that such mutations are now considered the most important risk factor for development of AD have further emphasized the relevance of epidermal dysfunction in human AD. Much less is known in veterinary medicine, but evidence is rapidly building to support a role for skin barrier dysfunction in canine AD. Canine AD shares many clinical and immunological similarities with its human counterpart. The similar distribution of clinical lesions and the importance of the epicutaneous route of allergen exposure provided the incentive to investigate the role of skin barrier impairments in canine AD. The purpose of this comparative review is to present the current evidence of barrier dysfunction in both human and canine AD.     

Characterization and quantification of ceramides in the nonlesional skin of canine patients with atopic dermatitis compared with controls

As in humans, there is mounting evidence in support of an abnormal skin barrier contributing to the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD). Studies in people with AD have associated an abnormal skin barrier with deficiencies in ceramides, which represent important components of the stratum corneum (SC) intercellular lipid lamellae. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if the SC of dogs with AD is deficient in ceramides compared to normal dogs. Samples of SC were obtained from nonlesional skin of the caudal abdomen of 14 patients with AD and 14 age-, breed- and sex-matched healthy controls using a cyanoacrylate stripping procedure, and the subclass and relative amount of ceramides were assessed blindly by thin layer chromatography. Paired t -tests using R statistical computer software revealed the percentage amounts of ceramides 1 and 9 were significantly lower in nonlesional skin of AD dogs compared to controls ( P = 0.034 and P = 0.047, respectively), and the cholesterol percentage amount was significantly higher in AD dogs than in controls ( P = 0.016). Furthermore, the cholesterol/ceramide ratio was significantly higher in the AD group with respect to controls ( P = 0.014). These findings suggest that decreased amounts of ceramides in the skin of dogs with AD may be involved in the impaired barrier function of their skin.     

The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XV): fundamental concepts in clinical diagnosis.

The clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (AD) in man and in dogs are variable, and there is no single physical or historical feature that, if present, indicates the presence of AD. The initial diagnosis of AD is made clinically with the fulfillment of a combination of criteria that are strongly associated with the disease. Several schemes have been proposed in an attempt to define uniform clinical criteria for diagnosing canine AD, but no system is perfect. Once AD is considered as a possible diagnosis, other important differential diagnoses must be methodically eliminated from consideration. As a final step, once the clinician is certain that AD is probable, "allergy" tests may be conducted to provide additional evidence to "substantiate" the diagnosis. It is important to understand that allergy testing, in whatever form, is not appropriately used early in the patient evaluation as a screening test. Rather, it should be reserved, after a firm clinical diagnosis of AD has been made, to implement allergen avoidance schemes or to select allergens to be incorporated in immunotherapy formulations.     

Decreasing half-life of dieldrin in egg yolk following a single oral administration of aldrin to laying hens

Laying hens were treated orally with a single dose of aldrin (AD) 1 mg/kg body weight. Concentrations (microgram/g) of AD or its epoxide (= dieldrin, DD) in the yolk of eggs laid for 21 days after AD treatment were determined by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The limits of determination were 0.02 microgram/g for AD and 0.03 microgram/g for DD, respectively. After AD treatment, although the low levels of AD (mean 0.02-0.03 microgram/g) were observed only during a three-day period (from 4th to 6th days), DD (mean 0.15 microgram/g) was found already on the 2nd day, indicating that the epoxidation of AD to DD in the hen's body is rapid. The highest level of DD (mean 0.40 microgram/g) was detected on the 6th day, and then DD levels decreased slowly and were detected up to the 21st day. In this decreasing phase, the half-life of DD in the yolk was estimated to be 25.6 days with a 95% confidence interval from 22.7 to 29.4 days.     

First case report of ultrastructural cutaneous abnormalities in equine atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease that affects humans and animals. Skin impairment has been described in human and canine AD. Equine AD is recognized in practice but little is known about its pathogenesis. As remarkable similarities exist across species in terms of cutaneous manifestations of AD, it was speculated that skin abnormalities may also exist in atopic horses. This case report describes the ultrastructure of the stratum corneum of two normal and two atopic horses. Biopsies were taken from sites predisposed to AD and examined using electron microscopy. Stratum corneum in normal samples was compacted with organized lipid lamellae while in atopic samples disorganized lipid lamellae, retained lamellar bodies and amorphous lipids were found. These changes are very similar to what reported in AD in other species. It is currently unknown whether these abnormalities in atopic horses are primary or secondary and their importance in allergen penetration.     

基于形态性状及Adh1基因序列的芒与五节芒自然杂交现象研究

本研究通过对13份芒与五节芒17个形态性状及Adh1基因序列的分析,探讨了芒与五节芒的自然杂交现象。形态性状聚类分析结果表明,疑似杂交种AD431与五节芒类群(AA335和AD625)聚为一类,疑似杂交种AA343、AD431、AD628、AD607、AD633和AD606与芒类群(AD623、AD512、AD620、AD619和AD627)聚为一类。Adh1基因序列聚类分析结果表明,五节芒和芒的材料分别聚成2个明显分开的分支,所有的疑似杂交种中均检测到2种Adh1基因单倍型的存在,其中1个单倍型在系统树中与芒聚为一类,另1个单倍型与五节芒聚为一类。本研究的结果确证了AD431、AD431、AD628、AD607、AD633和AD606这6个疑似杂交种的真实性,证实了芒与五节芒种间确实存在自然杂交现象,为进一步阐明芒和五节芒的系统进化与亲缘关系提供了重要的理论依据。     

Investigation on the association between atopic dermatitis and the development of mycosis fungoides in dogs: a retrospective case-control study

In human medicine, the relationship between the immunodysregulation observed in atopic dermatitis (AD) and the development of mycosis fungoides (MF) has triggered considerable interest due to the increasing number of patients with MF who have a previous history of AD. The purpose of this retrospective case-control study was to investigate whether dogs diagnosed with MF were more likely to have AD. The records of 96 000 canine patients at the University of Florida were searched. Inclusion criteria were a clinical and histological diagnosis of MF. Dogs admitted to the University of Florida, Veterinary Medical Center during the same time period (1991-2004) without a diagnosis of MF were included as controls. Four controls for each study dog were randomly selected (matched by year of admission). Frequency of AD and other exposure variables were compared among case and control dogs by using conditional logistic regression. Records of 19 dogs with a diagnosis of MF were identified. Five of them (5/19, 26.3%) had previous diagnosis of AD. The odds of having MF was 12 times (OR = 12.54; 95% CI = 1.95-80.39; P < 0.01) higher in dogs with AD than in dogs without AD. In conclusion, this study suggests an association between AD and MF in dogs. Future studies are necessary to confirm this finding and to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this association.