元陆22井钻井技术

针对元陆22井地层古老研磨性强,沙溪庙组、千佛崖组、须家河组的泥、页岩地层裂缝发育,断层交错,极易垮塌,主力产层须家河组易喷、易漏,高密度深井施工阶段流变性控制难度大等技术难题,进行了技术攻关,通过采用空气钻井,优选钻头、钻井液体系,优化钻井参数、钻井液流变参数,应用新工具新工艺,配套使用气转液、井壁稳定、防漏堵漏、高密度钻井液维护、固相控制等配套技术,较好解决了钻遇的“斜、卡、漏、塌”等技术难题,顺利完成钻探任务,对评价元坝探区资源提供了技术依据。     

地质勘探金刚石岩心钻探施工技术分析

地质勘探金刚石岩心钻探作为国内主流应用技术,在岩心勘探中应用价值较高。本文分析了金刚石岩心钻探的工艺特点岩粉颗粒细小、单位时间产生的岩粉量少,孔壁间隙小和钻具高钻速,并结合金刚石岩心钻技术探在地址勘探中的应用探讨了钻探口径、复杂地层应用等问题,希望能为岩心钻探提供参考。     

永冻地层钻探施工方法论述

作为永冻地层勘探的重要技术措施，良好的钻探施工方法对于提升永冻地层的钻探水平具有重要作用。本文首先介绍了永冻地层钻进过程中面临的主要困难，然后具体探讨了永冻地层钻探施工方法，以期为相关技术及研究人员提供参考。     

水敏性地层地热钻井钻井液应用分析

本文分析了地热钻井过程中钻井液对水敏性地层的影响,列举了水敏性地层地热井钻井中常见的问题,并就其处理方法作了分析,运用实例说明了钻井液在水敏性地层地热钻井中的应用,并作了相关总结。     

强造斜地层大口径钻孔灌注桩成孔工艺方法研究

长沙三汉矶湘江大桥1#墩和3#墩基础为φ3500mm陆上钻孔灌注桩,桩长分别为41.8m,43.5m.桩尖持力层为微风化板岩,岩层节理面倾角以45～700为主,少数近直立,属强造斜地层.本文针对大口径钻孔灌注桩成孔施工工艺,通过成功的实例介绍,探索大口径桩在不同地层对钻孔机械、工艺方法的要求,从而提高对复杂地层的施工能力.     

提高胜利油田上部地层钻井液强抑制性的研究与应用

胜利油田上部地层(平原组、明化镇组、馆陶组、东营组)在钻井过程中造浆强烈,以往主要采取大循环方式将钻井过程中产生的强水敏粘土钻屑絮凝沉降在大循环池里。虽然解决了钻井液流变性难以控制、井眼不畅通的问题,但也带来了大循环池占地面积大、易污染环境等问题。另外,部分高造斜点井以及丛式井组的第二口井或其后续施工井无法进行大循环,使得钻井液流变性难以控制、井眼不畅通的问题突出,造成部分井起下钻遇阻、电测阻卡,划眼出新眼甚至钻具埋井等复杂事故。由于严格的环保要求、紧张的土地供给,钻井液不落地项目正在全国有条不紊的进行,适用于胜利油田地层特点的低成本、高钻速、强抑制性钻井液技术成为必然的趋势。     

从F256井谈钻井液对老君庙易塌.易缩径地层的认识

钻井液设计是钻井工程中一个非常重要的环节,它是钻井的血液,关系钻井成败的主要因素之一。本文结合老君庙地层的实际情况,从理论上分析,从实际上,提出应对这种地层的对策和心得体会,合理提出一种钻井液防蹋体系的设计。     

东营凹陷沙四段膏盐岩层准确卡取意义浅析

本文对现场录井过程中东营凹陷沙四段膏盐层的卡取过程进行了总结,归纳出针对膏盐层的"钻前预测+钻中控制"的卡取流程。同时,对膏盐层准确卡取的意义进行了浅要分析,包括:在确定钻遇膏盐岩地层、达到钻探目的后提出完钻意见,从而节省钻井进尺,缩短建井周期,节约大量勘探资金;为钻井提供准确的异常预报,提出调整钻井液意见,有效地遏制(盐)水浸等工程事故的发生;有利于对所钻井区块膏盐岩地层的特征及展布情况形成新的认识,对下一步该区块的勘探部署及地质设计的编写起到一定的指导作用。     

井壁稳定技术在东营北带深层钻井的研究与应用

东营凹陷北部陡坡带沙河街组地层为大段硬脆性泥页岩,矿物组分以伊利石为主,钻井过程中极易发生剥落掉块和井壁坍塌,导致划眼和起钻遇卡等复杂情况的发生。现场施工中优选出以强抑制性聚合醇SYP-1为主要防塌剂,并配合使用SMP-2、ZX-8等防塌降滤失剂的双聚封堵防塌钻井液和双聚磺防塌钻井液。在丰深5井和盐227井的现场试验表明,有效地解决了该区块的井壁稳定问题,提高了钻井速度。     

深探井钻井液体系优选与应用

针对深探井上部地层造浆严重、坂土含量控制难度大,且地层渗漏严重;盐层段厚、埋藏深;井底温度高,地层压力系数高(最高1.80);固相含量高,钻井液流变性能控制难度大等技术难题,展开了技术攻关,确定了高密度抗高温饱和盐水钻井液体系配方以及维护措施,成功应用于现场,使用效果良好,为深探井的安全顺利施工提供了有利的技术保障,并达到了钻井提速、缩短建井周期、取得最佳效益的目的。     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

浅谈对症用药

对症用药就是通过对患病信鸽的症状进行诊断,进而确定病属,选择药物及如何用药的方法。     

军犬鉴别中的嗅源培养和易出现的问题及对策

嗅源是军犬嗅觉作业训练的依据.军犬鉴别中嗅源能力的培养在整个鉴别训练中占有重要地位,关系到鉴别训练的成败和鉴别能力的提高.所以,军犬在嗅认嗅源时必须按照训犬员的指令充分、细致地感受嗅源气味,并且对嗅源气味产生兴奋反应.如何培养军犬充分嗅认嗅源以及及时解决嗅认过程中出现的问题,成为我们进行鉴别训练的关键.……